The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991. The two superpowers never engaged in direct military conflict, but fought indirect wars through proxy states. The arms race and space race also increased tensions between the US and USSR. The Cold War ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union.

1. America
Present to Aj.Pattiya Phinichka
COLD WAR
1945 - 1991

2. America Russia
Harry S. Truman
The 33rd President of
the United States
Joseph Stalin
The leader of
the Soviet Union

3. America

4. Cold War (1945-1991)The United States of America
The Cold War was a long period of
tension between the democracies of the Western
World and the communist countries of Eastern
Europe. The west was led by the United States
and Eastern Europe was led by the Soviet Union.
These two countries became known as
superpowers. Although the two superpowers
never officially declared war on each other, they
fought indirectly in proxy wars, the arms race,
and the space race.
The Cold War began not too long
after World War II ended in 1945. Although, the
Soviet Union was an important member of the
Allied Powers, there was great distrust between
the Soviet Union and the rest of the Allies. The
Allies were concerned with the brutal leadership
of Joseph Stalin as well as the spread of
communism. The Cold War came to an end with
the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
The reason why was it called
Cold War is that this war was the
psychological war, avoiding
physical fighting, but using war
representative or using psychology
instead of weapons and fighting of
technical matter, notion, economic
and politics, and it is also a
competition of collecting
dangerous weapons and strong
armies

5. Causes of Cold War (1945-1991)The United States of America
* American fear of communist attack
* Truman’s dislike of Stalin
* USSR’s fear of the American’s atomic bomb
* USSR’s dislike of capitalism
* USSR’s actions in the Soviet zone of Germany
* America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets
* USSR’s expansion west into Eastern Europe and broken election promises
* USSR’s fear of American attack
* USSR’s need for a secure western border
* USSR’s aim of spreading world communism

6. Purposes of Cold War (1945-1991)The United States of America
It was the time period that The Soviet Union was very
powerful. The Soviet Union was trying to spread the
communism to other countries. The US was concern about
the spreading of the communism would spread to their
country.
The Cold War was a fight between two superpower
countries. There was no direct fight between two countries
but they tried to show their military powers and show that
they were the most powerful country in the world. The US
and The USSR engaged in a number of proxy wars around
the world, where the communist backed forces fought
against backed by the US and other Western powers.

7. Media Propaganda (1945-1991) The United States of America
Propaganda is one of the Liberal Democratic Party and the communists often used.
To create feelings and attitudes about their country, using words printed and published documents
about the life and culture of people in their countries to demonstrate that they love freedom, justice and
peace. While opponents decry it as an aggressor and imperialist

8. Marshall Plan (1945-1991) The United States of America
The Marshall Plan (officially the European
Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to
aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over
$12 billion in economic support to help rebuild Western
European economies after the end of World War II.
The plan was in operation for four years beginning
April 8th 1947.
The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-
devastated regions, remove trade barriers, modernize
industry, make Europe prosperous again, and prevent the
spread of communism.
The Marshall Plan required a lessening of
interstate barriers, a dropping of many regulations, and
encouraged an increase in productivity, labor union
membership, as well as the adoption of modern business
procedures.

9. Science and technology (1945-1991) The United States of America
High flying
Spy planes were part of the general space
research. Aircraft such the U-2 and the SR-71 flew
missions over the Soviet Union to collect intelligence.
In May of 1961, a U-2 aircraft flown by Air Force pilot
Gary Powers was forced down over the Soviet Union.
This caused some foreign relations problems between
the U.S. and Russia, and intensified the Cold War.
Space Race
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, a
satellite into orbit around the earth. Soon after, the
United States Congress created the National Aeronautical
and Space Administration, or NASA to develop American
space technology. This created the Space Race during
the Cold War. The Soviets put the first man into space in
1961, and the U.S. put the first man on the moon in 1969.
Both countries also developed military applications for
space, such as spy satellites.

10. Science and technology (1945-1991) The United States of America
Satellites and Deep Space Probes
From the 1970s through today many countries
have sent satellites and probes into space. The U.S.
leads the way today with the largest space program. In
the late 1970s the U.S. developed a reusable space
vehicle, the Space Shuttle.
The shuttle has been used to launch hundreds of
satellites and probes. Today these include, weather,
television and communication, navigational, and
military satellites. Probes have been sent to the ends of
our solar system and have explored planets such as,
Mars and Venus. The Hubble Space Telescope has been
able to send back amazing pictures of other solar
systems, some similar to our own.

11. Weapons (1945-1991) The United States of America
Lockheed U-2 : U-2 designed to fly in high ceiling and its one of the top
secret of US. U-2 was unveiled to the world for the first time by shot down
over the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960. The US Air Force and CIA use of
U-2 flew in several countries such as China, Cuba, Vietnam and other
communist countries.
Builder: Lockheed Air Service, FL (USA).
Type: high-altitude strategic reconnaissance jet seat.
Engine : Turbo jet, Pratt and Whitney J-57-C, 4990 kg thrust.
Wingspan : 24.38 m.
Length : 15.11 m
Height : 3.96 m
Empty weight : 6800 kg
High speed : 795 km / hr
Travel speed : 740 km /hr

12. Weapons (1945-1991) The United States of America
USS Enterprise (CVN-65), formerly CVA(N)-65, is an
inactive United States Navy aircraft carrier. She was the
world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and the eighth
United States naval vessel to bear the name. Like her
predecessor of World War II fame, she is nicknamed "Big
E". At 1,123 ft (342 m), she is the longest naval vessel ever
built. Her 93,284-long-ton (94,781 tonnes) displacement
ranked her as the 12th-heaviest supercarrier, after the 10
carriers of the Nimitz class and the USS Gerald R. Ford.
Enterprise had a crew of some 4,600 service members.

13. Weapons (1945-1991) The United States of America
Both sides built powerful radar station in
1950s to watch the skies for any sign of
an attack by the other side. The U.S built
radar stations like the one shown below
all across. Canada and Greenland, where
they could watch the entire Arctic region.
Any jet bomber attack from the Soviet
Union would have to pass over that area
to reach the U.S.

14. Weapons (1945-1991) The United States of America
By the mid-1960s both sides had developed ICBMs, or
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, with nuclear warheads. These
missiles made the Cold War far more dangerous, because there was
no defense against them.

15. The United States of AmericaWeapons (1945-1991)
SR -71 Black Bird : Lockheed SR -71 aircraft developed by Lockheed
YF -12 was flown for the first time on April 26, 1962 in the Nevada
desert. RS-71 developed from YF-12 in 1963. It’s first aircraft which flew
in speed 3 mach(3,000 km). Break world record first time in 1965. RS-71
active in the US Air Force and NASA and referred to as Black Bird.
Builder : Lockheed Aircraft Service
Type : 2 seat liners strategic vision aligned
Engine : Turbo jet, Pratt and Whitney JT 11D 20 B. The static thrust of
10,430 kilograms and 14,740 kilograms of air when the second
combustion air.
Wingspan : 16.95 m.
Length : 32.74 m
Height : 6.64 m
Empty weight : 27,215 kg
Takeoff Weight : 77,110 kg
Maximum speed : more than Mach 3 (3,220 km / h).

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The Marshall
Plan was an American
initiative to
aid Western Europe,
in which the United
States gave over $12
billion in economic
support to help
rebuild Western
European economies
after the end of World
War II.
The city of Berlin was an
island in the middle of
the Soviet controlled
zone. The west sent
supplies there via
railroads and roads.
However, the Soviets cut
off Berlin from their
external supplies and
food.
Without going to war
or giving up the city
of Berlin, the only
option the western
countries had was to
try and fly in all the
supplies.
The Morgenthau
Plan was created
to eliminate
Germany's ability
to wage war by
eliminating its
armament
industry, and the
removal or
destruction of
other key
industries basic to
military strength.
On May 12, 1949 the
Soviet Union stopped
the blockade and the
airlift was over.
Cold War (1945-1991)The United States of America
The Potsdam
Conference
divided Germany
into 4 parts
include Berlin in
the Soviet Zone.
After Yalta
conference, Soviet
started the Cold
War.
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The Korean War was
fought between South
Korea and communist
North Korea. It was
the first major
conflict of the Cold
War as the Soviet
Union supported
North Korea and the
United States
supported South
Korea. The war ended
with little resolution.

17. The Vietnam War was
fought between communist
North Vietnam and the
government of Southern
Vietnam. The North was
supported by communist
countries such as the
People's Republic of China
and the Soviet Union. The
South was supported by
France and the United
States.
Finally, The United States
lost the Vietnam War
The Warsaw
Convention, is an
international
convention which
regulates liability for
international carriage
of persons, luggage, or
goods performed
by aircraft for reward.
Originally signed in
1929 in Warsaw , it
was amended in 1955
at The
Hague, Netherlands.
The Cuban Missile
Crisis or the Missile
Scare, was a 13-day
confrontation
between the United
States and
the Soviet
Union concerning
Soviet ballistic
missile deployment
in Cuba.
During 1989 and 1990, the Berlin
Wall came down, borders opened,
and free elections ousted
Communist regimes everywhere
in eastern Europe. In late 1991
the Soviet Union itself dissolved
into its component republics.
With stunning speed, the Iron
Curtain was lifted and the Cold
War came to an end.
America becomes the most
powerful country.
Cold War (1945-1991)The United States of America
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18. Effects of Cold War (1945-1991) The United States of America
Effects on culture
The Cold War left its mark on art, poetry, movies, comic books, and
much more as cultural exchange eased Cold War tensions.
-Propaganda was a major influence in the perspectives of Americans
towards the communist states. (e.g. sci-fi movies, anti-communism movies)
-“Nuclear preparedness” became a part of everyday life - ordinary
people built and stocked bomb shelters in suburban back yards. Prominent
political figures exaggerated the communist threat (e.g. McCarthyism). These
men created an aura of paranoia, distrust and fear of the government as much
as of the enemy.
-Increased security

19. Effects of Cold War (1945-1991) The United States of America
Effects on politics
-Fear of communism shaped the internal politics of the United States and left a legacy that has endured to this day.
-January 17, 1961: Eisenhower warns of the military industrial complex and fear of the government as much as of
the enemy.
-Cuban Missile Crisis: 1962- An early example of communist containment in foreign countries during the cold war
that comes close to direct confrontation.
-Fear leads to paranoia within HUAC. FBI and CIA were used to question presumed communists.
-Combination of Pentagon Papers (1971) and the Watergate Scandal (1972) lead to public distrust in the government.
-President Ronald Reagan brings back focus to the Cold War while simultaneously focusing on the improvement of
the nation's economy with Reaganomics.
-More military spending and lower taxes brought a debt driven consumption boom which was accompanied by high
interest rates which then led to budget deficit from 2.6% 1981 to 6% in 1983.

20. Effects of Cold War (1945-1991) The United States of America
Effects on Economics
Essentially, the United States won the Cold war by out-producing its enemies by having a low-saving, high-
consumption economy. The unsustainable budget and the frail American household finances are the negative results of the
Americas consumption-led growth policy.
Negative
-Stagflation that defined the 70's
-Unemployment rose
-Increased deficit spending and higher
government debt which in turn caused interest
rates to increase sustained increases in military
-National debt rose
Positive
-Free market capitalism
-Increase government spending
created employment and additional
economic growth as well as contributing
to technological development

21. Thank you