This document discusses the rules for reported speech or indirect speech. It explains that reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. Key changes that can occur in reported speech include changing verb tenses, pronouns, words referring to time and place, and dropping quotation marks. The rules for changing direct to reported speech are provided for verbs, pronouns, time words, place words, questions, requests and more.

1. Grammar Study:
Reported
Speech
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2. We use the Reported speech:
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• When we are telling
someone what another
person said or thought,
but do not use their
exact words.
For example
Mark said that he wanted to live in London.

3. Please, note that:
• Quotation marks are not used in reported
speech.
• Verb tenses, pronouns and some “time” and “place”
words may change because the time, place and
speaker may be different.
• When we report a statement, we use reported
verbs such as say, tell, explain, inform, answer,
decide, etc. often followed by that.
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4. • In reported –wh questions, we use the wh- word
+ the subject + the verb.
• We do not use the interrogative form of the verb –
do, does or did.
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• As it is an indirect question no question marks are
used
• When we report requests, orders, advice or
warnings we use verbs such as advice, ask, beg,
tell, order, etc, followed by an infinitive.

5. Verb tense changes:
Nex
t
• Present simple
Direct speech Reported speech
• Past simple
• Past Simple • Past Perfect
• Present continuous • Past continuous
• Present perfect Past perfect
• Present perfect
continuous
Past perfect
continuous
• Future Conditional

6. Place changes
Direct speech Reported speech
here there
This place • That place
Nex
t

7. Time changes
Direct speech Reported speech
• now • then
Today / tonight • That day / that night
• This morning • That morning
yesterday The day before
• Tomorrow • The following day
• Last month • The month before
Nex
t

8. Personal Pronouns changes
Direct speech Reported speech
• I • He, she
you • I, she, he, we, they
we • they
Me Him, her
• You • Him, her, us, them
• Us • them
Nex
t

9. Possessive Pronouns changes
Direct speech Reported speech
my • His, her
your • My, his, her, our, their
our • their
mine His, hers
yours • Mine, his, hers, ours, theirs
ours Mine, his , hers, ours,
theirs,