The document discusses reported speech and how it differs from direct speech. It explains that reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. Key changes in reported speech include removing quotation marks, changing verb tenses and pronouns to reflect a new speaker and time, and altering words referring to places, times, and personal pronouns. The document provides examples of these grammatical changes between direct and reported speech.

1. Grammar Study:
Reported
Speech
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2. We use the Reported
• speech: are telling
When we
someone what another
person said or thought, but
do not use their exact
words.
For example
Mark said that he wanted to live in London.
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3. Please, note that:
• Quotation marks are not used in reported
speech.
• Verb tenses, pronouns and some “time” and “place”
words may change because the time, place and
speaker may be different.
• When we report a statement, we use reported
verbs such as
say, tell, explain, inform, answer, decide, etc. often
followed by that.
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4. • In reported –wh questions, we use the wh- word
+ the subject + the verb.
• We do not use the interrogative form of the verb –
do, does or did.
• As it is an indirect question no question marks are
used
• When we report requests, orders, advice or
warnings we use verbs such as advice, ask, beg,
tell, order, etc, followed by an infinitive.
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5. Verb tense changes:
Direct Reported
• speech
Present simple • speech
Past simple
• Past Simple • Past Perfect
• Present continuous • Past continuous
• Present perfect Past perfect
• Present perfect Past perfect
continuous continuous
• Future Conditional
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6. Place changes
Direct Reported
speech
here speech
there
This place • That place
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7. Time changes
Direct Reported
• speech
now • speech
then
Today / tonight • That day / that night
• This morning • That morning
yesterday The day before
• Tomorrow • The following day
• Last month • The month before
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8. Personal Pronouns
changes Reported
Direct
• speech
I • speech
He, she
you • I, she, he, we, they
we • they
Me Him, her
• You • Him, her, us, them
• Us • them
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9. Possessive Pronouns
changes Reported
Direct
speech
my • speech
His, her
your • My, his, her, our, their
our • their
mine His, hers
yours • Mine, his, hers, ours, theirs
ours Mine, his , hers,
ours, theirs,