Tunicates, also known as sea squirts, are small marine invertebrates that are classified as chordates. They have a notochord during early development that is later lost, but replaced by a backbone in vertebrates. Tunicates have a bilateral symmetrical body structure, lack bones, and use muscles to move against their body. They are hermaphrodites that fertilize eggs internally and eject larvae. Tunicates filter feed by taking in water and extracting particles, and can expel water if frightened. They are considered evolutionary links between invertebrates and vertebrates.
In the International Year of the Coral Reef (2008), you have the opportunity to help celebrate and record Fiji’s amazing coral reef biodiversity, show you care about our world’s delicate coral reef systems, and have fun, by taking part in a week-long hunt for the Great Fiji Butterflyfish!
Easy to do, this is suitable for visitors and locals alike, whether you are a snorkeler, SCUBA diver or Glass-bottom boat passenger. We hope that tourists, school children, scientists and all people with an interest in the marine environment will take to the reefs with us to search for Butterflyfish.
Double Saddled Butterflyfish, FijiThe Great Fiji Butterflyfish Count will be held around Fiji from the 2nd to the 8th November 2008. You can do a single count during that week, or take place as many times as you like during that week, so that you cover different reefs. All data will be gratefully accepted!
So, grab your Great Fiji Butterflyfish Count slate from participating resorts and dive operators, put on your snorkel and mask and dive into the beautiful blue waters of Fiji, to be a part of history!
Five common types of sea urchins found along the southeastern coastline of Victoria are identified: Goniocidaris tubaria var. Impressa, Amblypneustes ovum, Holopneustes porosissimus, Holopneustes inflatus, and Heliocidaris erythrogramma. Each type is found predominantly in certain regions of the coastline. Sea urchins eat available plant and animal matter as well as scavenge in rock pools and seaweed. They also serve as a food source for humans.
This document discusses different animal groups and their characteristics. It covers carnivores, scavengers, omnivores, and herbivores based on their diets. It then discusses different mammal groups like primates, cetaceans, and mammals with hooves. Bird groups discussed include flightless birds, waterfowl, birds of prey, and songbirds. Reptile groups covered are lizards, crocodiles and alligators, tortoises, and snakes.
The document summarizes key characteristics of the order Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). It notes they are medium to large insects with large compound eyes, a globular head, and wings that are either equal or subequal with many cross veins. It describes their toothed mouthparts adapted for biting, long slender abdomen, and incomplete metamorphosis with an aquatic naiad stage. It classifies Odonata into the two suborders Anisoptera (dragonflies) and Zygoptera (damselflies), noting differences in their abdominal appendages and oviposition (egg-laying) behaviors.
Class Insecta - Order Leptidoptera and Order OdonataEileen Aycardo
This presentation talks about the Class Insecta specifically the Orders Leptidoptera composed of butterflies and moths and Order Odonata composed of damselflies and dragonflies.
It describes ther anatomy, fedding behavior, habitat.
The document summarizes the order Hymenoptera. It belongs to the class Insecta and is characterized by membrane-winged insects including bees, ants, and wasps. Key characteristics include chewing mouthparts, modified thoraxes for flight, membranous and stiff wings coupled by hooklets, and an ovipositor modified for various functions. There are two suborders, Symphyta which includes sawflies and have caterpillar-like larvae, and Apocrita which are more behaviorally sophisticated and include parasitic wasps, bees, and ants. Many families are described including their distinguishing traits and examples of economic importance.
The document outlines the external anatomy of birds, labeling various parts like the beak, head, iris, and feathers. It then discusses the evolution of birds from theropod dinosaurs around 150 million years ago. Modern birds are characterized by feathers, a beak without teeth, laying eggs, and a lightweight skeleton. While most birds have wings and can fly, the extinct moa was flightless. Many bird species migrate annually over long distances or make shorter irregular movements.
Tunicates, also known as sea squirts, are small marine invertebrates that are classified as chordates. They have a notochord during early development that is later lost, but replaced by a backbone in vertebrates. Tunicates have a bilateral symmetrical body structure, lack bones, and use muscles to move against their body. They are hermaphrodites that fertilize eggs internally and eject larvae. Tunicates filter feed by taking in water and extracting particles, and can expel water if frightened. They are considered evolutionary links between invertebrates and vertebrates.
In the International Year of the Coral Reef (2008), you have the opportunity to help celebrate and record Fiji’s amazing coral reef biodiversity, show you care about our world’s delicate coral reef systems, and have fun, by taking part in a week-long hunt for the Great Fiji Butterflyfish!
Easy to do, this is suitable for visitors and locals alike, whether you are a snorkeler, SCUBA diver or Glass-bottom boat passenger. We hope that tourists, school children, scientists and all people with an interest in the marine environment will take to the reefs with us to search for Butterflyfish.
Double Saddled Butterflyfish, FijiThe Great Fiji Butterflyfish Count will be held around Fiji from the 2nd to the 8th November 2008. You can do a single count during that week, or take place as many times as you like during that week, so that you cover different reefs. All data will be gratefully accepted!
So, grab your Great Fiji Butterflyfish Count slate from participating resorts and dive operators, put on your snorkel and mask and dive into the beautiful blue waters of Fiji, to be a part of history!
Five common types of sea urchins found along the southeastern coastline of Victoria are identified: Goniocidaris tubaria var. Impressa, Amblypneustes ovum, Holopneustes porosissimus, Holopneustes inflatus, and Heliocidaris erythrogramma. Each type is found predominantly in certain regions of the coastline. Sea urchins eat available plant and animal matter as well as scavenge in rock pools and seaweed. They also serve as a food source for humans.
This document discusses different animal groups and their characteristics. It covers carnivores, scavengers, omnivores, and herbivores based on their diets. It then discusses different mammal groups like primates, cetaceans, and mammals with hooves. Bird groups discussed include flightless birds, waterfowl, birds of prey, and songbirds. Reptile groups covered are lizards, crocodiles and alligators, tortoises, and snakes.
The document summarizes key characteristics of the order Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies). It notes they are medium to large insects with large compound eyes, a globular head, and wings that are either equal or subequal with many cross veins. It describes their toothed mouthparts adapted for biting, long slender abdomen, and incomplete metamorphosis with an aquatic naiad stage. It classifies Odonata into the two suborders Anisoptera (dragonflies) and Zygoptera (damselflies), noting differences in their abdominal appendages and oviposition (egg-laying) behaviors.
Class Insecta - Order Leptidoptera and Order OdonataEileen Aycardo
This presentation talks about the Class Insecta specifically the Orders Leptidoptera composed of butterflies and moths and Order Odonata composed of damselflies and dragonflies.
It describes ther anatomy, fedding behavior, habitat.
The document summarizes the order Hymenoptera. It belongs to the class Insecta and is characterized by membrane-winged insects including bees, ants, and wasps. Key characteristics include chewing mouthparts, modified thoraxes for flight, membranous and stiff wings coupled by hooklets, and an ovipositor modified for various functions. There are two suborders, Symphyta which includes sawflies and have caterpillar-like larvae, and Apocrita which are more behaviorally sophisticated and include parasitic wasps, bees, and ants. Many families are described including their distinguishing traits and examples of economic importance.
The document outlines the external anatomy of birds, labeling various parts like the beak, head, iris, and feathers. It then discusses the evolution of birds from theropod dinosaurs around 150 million years ago. Modern birds are characterized by feathers, a beak without teeth, laying eggs, and a lightweight skeleton. While most birds have wings and can fly, the extinct moa was flightless. Many bird species migrate annually over long distances or make shorter irregular movements.
1. The abdomen of insects is segmented, with the basic number being 11 segments plus a telson bearing the anus. The 8th and 9th abdominal segments in females and the 9th in males contain external reproductive organs or genitalia.
2. Abdominal segments contain structures like spiracles, tympanums, and appendages that vary between insect groups. Appendages include styli, collophores, retinacula, furculae, gills, dolichasters, and prolegs.
3. Winged adults have appendages like cornicles, caudal breathing tubes, cerci, median caudal filaments, pygostyles, anal styli,
Cestodes, also known as tapeworms, are long segmented parasitic worms that live in the intestines of humans and other animals. They can vary in size from a few millimeters to several meters long. Tapeworms attach to the intestinal wall using suckers or hooks on a segment called the scolex. The body is made up of hundreds of segments called proglottids that each contain reproductive organs and can reproduce independently if necessary. The reproductive system is highly developed in each segment, containing male testes and female ovaries. Self-fertilization typically occurs but cross-fertilization is also possible between segments of the same or different worms.
This document provides instructions for navigating an amphibian presentation in slideshow view. It includes menus for chapter content, resources, and standardized test questions. The content covers amphibian evolution, characteristics, and reproduction. Key topics include preadaptations for land transition, modern amphibian orders/examples, respiration, circulation, and the frog life cycle. Test questions assess understanding of anatomical structures, evolutionary adaptations, and amphibian characteristics and reproduction.
1. Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859 which helped establish modern evolutionary theory and Archaeopteryx was identified as an early bird.
2. Theropod dinosaurs were bipedal and had many avian characteristics like wishbones which helped evolve into modern birds. The evolution of feathers allowed for flight.
3. Birds have many adaptations for flight like wing shape, feather structure, strong pectoral muscles, and high metabolisms which allow for sustained flapping.
This document discusses various arthropods including fleas, mosquitoes, water fleas, fruit flies, tsetse flies, mites, lice, and ticks. It provides information on their common names, the diseases they can transmit, their taxonomic classification, and highlights some anatomical features.
This document provides an overview of the phylum Chordata, which includes animals with a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharynx with gill slits, and postanal tail at some point in their lifecycle. It describes the three subphyla: Urochordata (tunicates), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Vertebrata (jawless and jawed fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Key characteristics and examples are given for each class within these groups.
This document discusses the classification of insects. It divides the class Insecta into two subclasses: Apterygota and Pterygota. Apterygota includes primarily wingless insects with no metamorphosis. Pterygota is further divided into Exopterygota and Endopterygota. Exopterygota undergo incomplete metamorphosis and include orders like mayflies, dragonflies, and grasshoppers. Endopterygota undergo complete metamorphosis through distinct larval, pupal and adult stages, and include orders such as butterflies, flies, beetles and ants. Examples are provided for most orders.
This document discusses the classification, life cycle, morphology, and medical importance of Tabanid flies. It begins by classifying Tabanids in the animal kingdom and notes there are over 4,300 species worldwide. It then describes the fly's life cycle from egg laying near water, to larvae feeding in water/mud, to pupae and finally adult flies. Key details about identifying species based on wing patterns and differentiating males and females are provided. The document concludes by explaining Tabanids can transmit diseases like loa loa filariasis and tularemia, and their bites cause blood loss in animals, which in severe cases of hundreds of ml per day.
The document discusses the structure, function, and classification of insect antennae. It notes that antennae are segmented appendages located near the eyes that serve sensory functions. There are three main segments: the scape, pedicel, and flagellum. The flagellum contains many sensory receptors. Antennae can detect chemicals, smells, sounds, temperature, and vibrations. They help with functions like hearing, communication, grasping mates and prey. The document classifies 15 different types of insect antennae based on their structure, such as filiform, pectinate, and geniculate types.
This document summarizes the key characteristics of the order Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, and locusts. It notes that they undergo incomplete metamorphosis, have cylindrical bodies, two pairs of wings, three pairs of legs with modified hind legs for jumping, chewing mouthparts, large compound eyes, and antennae that can range from short to long. It provides details on their wings, legs, antennae, life stages of egg, nymph, and adult, feeding behaviors, and means of damage to plants.
Whales come in several types including blue, bowhead, humpback, and minke whales. They have been hunted for their meat and materials throughout history leaving some species endangered. Whales are mammals that breathe air, are warm-blooded, nurse their young, and have body hair. They breathe through blowholes on their heads and receive sound through their throats and ears.
The document summarizes key details about the order Brachycera, which includes horse flies and deer flies. Some main points are:
- Brachycera has over 120 families and includes flies like horse flies, deer flies, and green lacewings.
- Adults have reduced antennae and larvae have extensions of their head capsules into their prothorax.
- Horse flies and deer flies range widely in size and coloration. Females require blood meals while males do not feed.
- Their lifecycles include egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Larvae can develop for 1-2 years in aquatic or terrestrial environments before pupating.
This document discusses the life processes of grasshoppers. It describes grasshoppers as herbivorous insects found in green vegetation that undergo incomplete metamorphosis from egg to nymph to adult. The body of a grasshopper has three divisions - head, thorax, and abdomen. The hind legs are elongated and powerful for jumping. Females lay eggs in the soil which hatch as wingless nymphs and progress through six stages before becoming winged adults. Grasshoppers can be economically important as both a food source and agricultural pest.
1) Scientists found remains of dinosaurs that had wings and feathers, showing that birds evolved from dinosaurs. Fish were the first animals on Earth and all other animals evolved from fish.
2) Amphibians like frogs go through metamorphosis, starting as tadpoles that breathe through gills and live in water, then developing lungs and legs to live on land as adults.
3) Reptiles like snakes and turtles breathe through lungs and lay eggs but do not care for their young. They have scaly skin and some have shells or scales.
Amphibians are vertebrates that lay eggs and undergo metamorphosis. They are born in water with gills but grow lungs and four legs as adults on land. Their skin is bare and moist to aid in respiration. Common types of amphibians include frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts.
The earliest known butterfly fossils date back to the early Cretaceous period around 130 million years ago. While fossils provide little information about the origins of modern butterflies, biologists agree that butterflies evolved from moths during the Cretaceous period when flowering plants first appeared. New evidence from exceptionally preserved butterfly fossils in amber also suggests that butterflies may have originated earlier than previously thought.
This document describes the characteristics of the phylum Chordata, which includes humans and other vertebrate animals. Chordata are defined by having a notochord or backbone during development. The phylum contains five subphyla: Hemichordata, Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Vertebrata. Vertebrata are further divided into seven classes: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia. The document provides details on characteristics and examples for each group.
Scales cover the bodies of fish and serve to protect them from predators and infection. They are composed of multiple layers including a vascular pulp, dentin middle layer, and outer enamel-like layer. As fish grow, new scales are added while existing scales do not increase in size. Scales help sharks and other fish swim faster by reducing water friction along their bodies.
The document summarizes key characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia. To be an animal, an organism must be multicellular, heterotrophic, reproduce sexually, lack cell walls, be motile during some stage of life, have rapid responses to stimuli, and contain two unique tissues: nervous and muscle tissue. Over time, animals evolved increasing complexity in their cellular organization, body plans, degree of centralization, body cavities, segmentation, and digestive systems. The evolutionary origin of animals is believed to have started from colonial protists in the sea that underwent cell specialization, leading to the first multicellular organisms.
1. The abdomen of insects is segmented, with the basic number being 11 segments plus a telson bearing the anus. The 8th and 9th abdominal segments in females and the 9th in males contain external reproductive organs or genitalia.
2. Abdominal segments contain structures like spiracles, tympanums, and appendages that vary between insect groups. Appendages include styli, collophores, retinacula, furculae, gills, dolichasters, and prolegs.
3. Winged adults have appendages like cornicles, caudal breathing tubes, cerci, median caudal filaments, pygostyles, anal styli,
Cestodes, also known as tapeworms, are long segmented parasitic worms that live in the intestines of humans and other animals. They can vary in size from a few millimeters to several meters long. Tapeworms attach to the intestinal wall using suckers or hooks on a segment called the scolex. The body is made up of hundreds of segments called proglottids that each contain reproductive organs and can reproduce independently if necessary. The reproductive system is highly developed in each segment, containing male testes and female ovaries. Self-fertilization typically occurs but cross-fertilization is also possible between segments of the same or different worms.
This document provides instructions for navigating an amphibian presentation in slideshow view. It includes menus for chapter content, resources, and standardized test questions. The content covers amphibian evolution, characteristics, and reproduction. Key topics include preadaptations for land transition, modern amphibian orders/examples, respiration, circulation, and the frog life cycle. Test questions assess understanding of anatomical structures, evolutionary adaptations, and amphibian characteristics and reproduction.
1. Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859 which helped establish modern evolutionary theory and Archaeopteryx was identified as an early bird.
2. Theropod dinosaurs were bipedal and had many avian characteristics like wishbones which helped evolve into modern birds. The evolution of feathers allowed for flight.
3. Birds have many adaptations for flight like wing shape, feather structure, strong pectoral muscles, and high metabolisms which allow for sustained flapping.
This document discusses various arthropods including fleas, mosquitoes, water fleas, fruit flies, tsetse flies, mites, lice, and ticks. It provides information on their common names, the diseases they can transmit, their taxonomic classification, and highlights some anatomical features.
This document provides an overview of the phylum Chordata, which includes animals with a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharynx with gill slits, and postanal tail at some point in their lifecycle. It describes the three subphyla: Urochordata (tunicates), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Vertebrata (jawless and jawed fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). Key characteristics and examples are given for each class within these groups.
This document discusses the classification of insects. It divides the class Insecta into two subclasses: Apterygota and Pterygota. Apterygota includes primarily wingless insects with no metamorphosis. Pterygota is further divided into Exopterygota and Endopterygota. Exopterygota undergo incomplete metamorphosis and include orders like mayflies, dragonflies, and grasshoppers. Endopterygota undergo complete metamorphosis through distinct larval, pupal and adult stages, and include orders such as butterflies, flies, beetles and ants. Examples are provided for most orders.
This document discusses the classification, life cycle, morphology, and medical importance of Tabanid flies. It begins by classifying Tabanids in the animal kingdom and notes there are over 4,300 species worldwide. It then describes the fly's life cycle from egg laying near water, to larvae feeding in water/mud, to pupae and finally adult flies. Key details about identifying species based on wing patterns and differentiating males and females are provided. The document concludes by explaining Tabanids can transmit diseases like loa loa filariasis and tularemia, and their bites cause blood loss in animals, which in severe cases of hundreds of ml per day.
The document discusses the structure, function, and classification of insect antennae. It notes that antennae are segmented appendages located near the eyes that serve sensory functions. There are three main segments: the scape, pedicel, and flagellum. The flagellum contains many sensory receptors. Antennae can detect chemicals, smells, sounds, temperature, and vibrations. They help with functions like hearing, communication, grasping mates and prey. The document classifies 15 different types of insect antennae based on their structure, such as filiform, pectinate, and geniculate types.
This document summarizes the key characteristics of the order Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, and locusts. It notes that they undergo incomplete metamorphosis, have cylindrical bodies, two pairs of wings, three pairs of legs with modified hind legs for jumping, chewing mouthparts, large compound eyes, and antennae that can range from short to long. It provides details on their wings, legs, antennae, life stages of egg, nymph, and adult, feeding behaviors, and means of damage to plants.
Whales come in several types including blue, bowhead, humpback, and minke whales. They have been hunted for their meat and materials throughout history leaving some species endangered. Whales are mammals that breathe air, are warm-blooded, nurse their young, and have body hair. They breathe through blowholes on their heads and receive sound through their throats and ears.
The document summarizes key details about the order Brachycera, which includes horse flies and deer flies. Some main points are:
- Brachycera has over 120 families and includes flies like horse flies, deer flies, and green lacewings.
- Adults have reduced antennae and larvae have extensions of their head capsules into their prothorax.
- Horse flies and deer flies range widely in size and coloration. Females require blood meals while males do not feed.
- Their lifecycles include egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. Larvae can develop for 1-2 years in aquatic or terrestrial environments before pupating.
This document discusses the life processes of grasshoppers. It describes grasshoppers as herbivorous insects found in green vegetation that undergo incomplete metamorphosis from egg to nymph to adult. The body of a grasshopper has three divisions - head, thorax, and abdomen. The hind legs are elongated and powerful for jumping. Females lay eggs in the soil which hatch as wingless nymphs and progress through six stages before becoming winged adults. Grasshoppers can be economically important as both a food source and agricultural pest.
1) Scientists found remains of dinosaurs that had wings and feathers, showing that birds evolved from dinosaurs. Fish were the first animals on Earth and all other animals evolved from fish.
2) Amphibians like frogs go through metamorphosis, starting as tadpoles that breathe through gills and live in water, then developing lungs and legs to live on land as adults.
3) Reptiles like snakes and turtles breathe through lungs and lay eggs but do not care for their young. They have scaly skin and some have shells or scales.
Amphibians are vertebrates that lay eggs and undergo metamorphosis. They are born in water with gills but grow lungs and four legs as adults on land. Their skin is bare and moist to aid in respiration. Common types of amphibians include frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts.
The earliest known butterfly fossils date back to the early Cretaceous period around 130 million years ago. While fossils provide little information about the origins of modern butterflies, biologists agree that butterflies evolved from moths during the Cretaceous period when flowering plants first appeared. New evidence from exceptionally preserved butterfly fossils in amber also suggests that butterflies may have originated earlier than previously thought.
This document describes the characteristics of the phylum Chordata, which includes humans and other vertebrate animals. Chordata are defined by having a notochord or backbone during development. The phylum contains five subphyla: Hemichordata, Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Vertebrata. Vertebrata are further divided into seven classes: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia. The document provides details on characteristics and examples for each group.
Scales cover the bodies of fish and serve to protect them from predators and infection. They are composed of multiple layers including a vascular pulp, dentin middle layer, and outer enamel-like layer. As fish grow, new scales are added while existing scales do not increase in size. Scales help sharks and other fish swim faster by reducing water friction along their bodies.
The document summarizes key characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia. To be an animal, an organism must be multicellular, heterotrophic, reproduce sexually, lack cell walls, be motile during some stage of life, have rapid responses to stimuli, and contain two unique tissues: nervous and muscle tissue. Over time, animals evolved increasing complexity in their cellular organization, body plans, degree of centralization, body cavities, segmentation, and digestive systems. The evolutionary origin of animals is believed to have started from colonial protists in the sea that underwent cell specialization, leading to the first multicellular organisms.
This document discusses different shapes and energy sources. It mentions circles, triangles, squares, nuclear engines using uranium, convection currents, wind power, and sailing. It also refers to orcs, which are mythological creatures.
I am a lancelet, a type of cephalochordate found buried in sand in warm, shallow oceans. Humans find me delicious and important for studying vertebrate evolution. I enjoy relaxing in the sand all day with my anterior end exposed, filtering water for food. I have features like a notochord and pharyngeal slits that evolved into characteristics of vertebrates.
1) Amphioxus is a small, semitransparent marine animal that lacks distinct head and has a notochord extending to its head.
2) It has gill slits for filtering food particles from water and an endostyle for processing food in its pharynx.
3) Amphioxus spends much of its time buried in ocean sediment and uses rapid body movements and its notochord extending to its tip to burrow, and contracts its myomeres muscles to swim.
Cephalochordata
Tubuh berbentuk seperti daun
Tubuh bersegmen (ada garis-garis)
Bernafas dengan insang
Tinggal didalam pasir
UROCHORDATA
Lapisan luar dari tubuh terdiri atas lapisan tembus pandang (transparan) dan tebal
Alat respirasi berupa insang
Jenis kelamin hemaprodit dan dapat membentuk tunas
Memiliki tulang belakang yang belum sempurna
Pertukaran zat / ekskresi melalui peredaran darah
VERTEBRATA
Sudah mengalami chepalisasi / pembentukan alat indra
Tulang belakang berhubungan dengan tengkorak
Sistem peredaran darah tertutup
Jantung terbagi menjadi 2-4 ruang
Alat ekskresi berupa ginjal
Fertilisasi internal dan eksternal
PERANAN
Sebagai sumber protein hewani
Sebagai obat oatan
Digunakan untuk meringankan pekerjaan manusia. Contoh: kuda, sapi, kerbau
Membantu penyerbukan beberapa jenis tumbuhan. Contoh: kupu-kupu, lebah
Frog dissection is a common biology lab activity where students examine the internal anatomy of frogs. The purpose is for students to learn frog anatomy through direct observation of organs like the heart, lungs, stomach and intestines. This document likely contains diagrams and pictures to help guide students through the dissection process and identify internal structures.
- Urochordata and Cephalochordata are two phylums that make up the subphylum Chordata. They share four defining characteristics with all chordates: a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and an early tail.
- As larvae, both urochordates and cephalochordates display these chordate traits but urochordates lose many during metamorphosis while cephalochordates retain them as adults. Cephalochordates are also known as lancelets.
- The notochord is a flexible rod that runs between the digestive and nervous systems and allows these primitive chordates to swim and move.
This document provides instructions and background information for dissecting a frog. It outlines the materials needed and guides the reader through examining the frog's external anatomy, internal mouth, and conducting the dissection. The dissection procedure involves making cuts to expose the internal organs, removing organs like the liver and digestive tract, and opening the cranium to view the brain. A worksheet is included to have students record their observations at different steps.
This document provides information about frog anatomy and dissection from a biology lab. It describes some key facts about frogs such as their classification as amphibians and life cycle. It also outlines some benefits frogs provide to humans, including compounds used in antibiotics and potential treatments derived from their ability to regrow limbs. The document concludes by listing safety procedures and materials needed for the frog dissection lab.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang nematoda, yaitu cacing gilig yang dapat hidup sebagai parasit pada tanaman, hewan, dan manusia. Nematoda memiliki sistem pencernaan, ekskresi, pernapasan, saraf, indra, dan reproduksi. Terdapat beberapa jenis nematoda parasit yang menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia seperti ascariasis dan filariasis.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang phylum mollusca. Mollusca memiliki tubuh lunak dan ciri-ciri umum seperti memiliki cangkang, kaki, dan mantel. Terdapat beberapa kelas mollusca seperti bivalvia, gastropoda, dan cephalopoda. Setiap kelas memiliki ciri khas masing-masing."
This document provides information about roundworms of the phylum Nematoda. It discusses that roundworms can be found everywhere from intestines to the Antarctic. They are one of the most diverse groups of animals with over 20,000 known species. Roundworms can live in many habitats including oceans, gardens, and inside other animals. While they play roles in nutrient cycling and population control, they can also damage agriculture and harm animal and human health. Roundworms have been around since before the Carboniferous period 354-290 million years ago. They were the first animals to evolve a complete digestive system with separate openings for intake and waste expulsion.
The document discusses the phylum Mollusca, describing some of its key characteristics and classes. It outlines the body plans and systems of mollusks, including their circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems. Specific structures like the radula, operculum, and shells are examined. Reproductive processes vary between external fertilization and hermaphroditism. Examples are provided of mollusk classes like bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods to illustrate their diversity.
The document describes the characteristics of the animal kingdom. It discusses that animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms without cell walls that develop from a zygote into a gastrula with three germ layers. It then describes the 8 invertebrate phyla including sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, annelids, echinoderms, and arthropods. Finally, it discusses the subphylum of vertebrates within the phylum chordata.
1. Systematics studies the diversity and classification of organisms to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Taxonomy classifies life into groups based on observable characteristics.
2. There are six kingdoms of life - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia. Key characteristics define each kingdom.
3. Carolus Linnaeus established the system of binomial nomenclature for classifying organisms using their genus and species. This provided advantages over common names.
The document discusses several major animal phyla, including porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, and cephalopoda. Key details provided include examples of organisms from each phylum such as sponges, jellyfish, tapeworms, roundworms, earthworms, insects, bivalves, and squid. The economic and medical importance of some phyla are also briefly mentioned.
Urochordata, also known as tunicates or sea squirts, are a subphylum of chordates that have a notochord only during their larval stage. They are filter feeders that live in aquatic or marine environments and have a u-shaped gut. Most urochordates are hermaphrodites and can reproduce both sexually and asexually through budding. They lack a brain and have a simple nervous system consisting of a nerve cord.
This document describes the taxonomy and some key characteristics of various arthropod species examined in Lab Exam 5. It provides the scientific classification - including phylum, subphylum, class, order - of each species. It also notes some distinguishing features, such as Drosophila undergoing complete metamorphosis through egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages, or Daphnia being prey for many fish species. The final section depicts anatomical structures of the grasshopper mouth.
Phylum: Porifera and its examples
Phylum: Cniadria and its examples
Phylum: Ctenophora and its examples
Phylum: Platyhelminthes and its examples
Phylum: Nematoda and its examples
Phylum: Annelida, Arthopoda, Mollusca Echnidodermata, Hemichordata, and its examples
Phylum: Chordata
Pisces, Amphibians, Reptiles, Aves, and Mammals
Animal atlas power point for 6th six weeksladynoid
Animals are divided into 33 phyla. The eight major invertebrate phyla are sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, annelids, arthropods, and echinoderms. Arthropods are the largest group, with insects being the most abundant class. Vertebrates make up the phylum Chordata and have backbones, with mammals being the class that includes humans.
This document contains summaries of various arthropod specimens, including scorpions, spiders, horseshoe crabs, millipedes, centipedes, crustaceans, and an extinct trilobite. For each specimen, the scientific classification is provided along with images and descriptions of physical features. In total, over 20 different arthropod species are documented.
This document provides a classification of various arthropod taxa with symbiotic members, beginning with an introduction to arthropod phylogeny. It then details the classification of taxa within the phylum Arthropoda, including subphyla such as Trilobitomorpha, Chelicerata, Crustacea, Myriapoda, and Hexapoda. For each major taxon, one or two representative classes are described in terms of their defining physical characteristics and numbers of species. The purpose is to convey the diversity of arthropod forms and establish evolutionary relationships among them.
Classification of Coleoptera – suborders.pptxMugunthan25
The document discusses the classification of Coleoptera (beetles), which is divided into 4 suborders. It focuses on the suborder Adephaga, which contains predatory families like Carabidae (ground beetles), Cicindellidae (tiger beetles), Dytiscidae (diving beetles), and Gyrinidae (whirligig beetles). It provides details on the morphology, behavior, habitat and notable features of beetle families within the Adephaga suborder.
Order Hemiptera and their important familiesShashi Bittu
This document summarizes the order Hemiptera and its important families. Hemiptera, or true bugs, is a large order of insects with piercing and sucking mouthparts. It is divided into four suborders: Sternorrhyncha, Auchenorrhyncha, Coleorrhyncha, and Heteroptera. Important families within each suborder are described, including Aphididae, Cicadidae, Cercopidae, and Pentatomidae. Hemipterans include major insect pests, vectors of plant diseases, and mimic other organisms.
This document provides information on the five-kingdom system of classification of living organisms:
1. Kingdom Protista includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms like algae and protozoa.
2. Kingdom Fungi includes multicellular organisms like molds, mushrooms and yeasts that feed by absorbing nutrients.
3. Kingdom Plantae includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms ranging from mosses to trees.
4. Kingdom Animalia includes multicellular heterotrophic organisms like sponges, jellyfish, insects, fish and humans.
5. Kingdom Monera was proposed for prokaryotic organisms but is now recognized as not forming a natural group.
The document provides information about the phylum Arthropoda and some of its subclasses and orders. It discusses key characteristics of arthropods such as their exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and segmented body. Specific groups discussed include crustaceans like barnacles, copepods, isopods, amphipods, and decapods. Details are given on morphology, life cycles, behaviors and ecological roles of different arthropod groups.
This document provides information about the red algae (Rhodophyta). It discusses the key characteristics of red algae such as their pigments, food storage, and lack of flagella. It then describes the classification system of Rhodophyta and provides details about 6 orders within the subclasses Bangioideae and Florideae. For each order, 1-2 examples are given and their characteristics summarized such as reproduction methods and habitat. The document concludes with references used.
This lab covers two phyla: Echinodermata and Chordata. Echinodermata includes sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers. Chordata includes lancelets, tunicates, hagfish, lampreys, sharks, rays, bony fish, lungfish, amphibians, and reptiles. The lab provides information on representative organisms from different classes within each phylum.
The document provides an overview of Phylum Arthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, crustaceans, millipedes, centipedes, and others. It describes key characteristics like segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and a chitinous exoskeleton. Examples are given for each class, describing features like number of body sections, legs, respiration methods, and habitats. Life cycles and images of common orders and species are also included to illustrate the diversity within the phylum.
1. Arthropods are a phylum of joint-legged invertebrate animals including insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others.
2. They have segmented bodies, jointed appendages, a hard exoskeleton and molt to grow.
3. Major groups include insects, arachnids like spiders and scorpions, crustaceans like crabs and lobsters, and extinct trilobites.
1. Arthropods are invertebrate animals with jointed legs and external skeletons made of chitin. They include insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others.
2. They have segmented bodies and jointed appendages. Most have compound eyes and breathe through trachea, gills, or their exoskeletons.
3. The four subphyla of arthropods are trilobites, chelicerates, crustaceans, and uniramians. Major classes include insects, arachnids, crustaceans, centipedes, and millipedes.
The document discusses key concepts relating to Protochordata and Chordata. It provides definitions and characteristics of Protochordata, noting they are the first chordates but lack features like a cranium. It also outlines the three subphyla under Chordata - Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Vertebrata - and provides details about classification and characteristics of taxa within each subphylum, such as characteristics of Ascidiacea, Thaliacea, and Larvacea classes of Urochordata. Examples like Amphioxus are also mentioned.
21. External anatomy Second Dorsal Fin First Dorsal Fin Nares (Nostrils) Lateral Line Caudal Fin Eye Anal Fin Pelvic Fin Pectoral Fin Operculum (Gill Covering)
22. Internal Anatomy Kidneys Swim Bladder Black Part That Runs Along Spine Gall Bladder Operculum Small Intestine Gills Liver Spleen Large Intestine Pyloric Caeca