This document provides an overview of the characteristics of the kingdom Animalia. It discusses key traits such as being multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophs. It also describes developmental characteristics like forming a gastrula with three germ layers, and whether animals are protostomes or deuterostomes. Body plans including symmetry, coelom presence, and types of skeletons are outlined. Finally, it examines the major invertebrate phyla like porifera, cnidaria, mollusca, and arthropoda as well as the vertebrate subphylum.

1. Kingdom Animalia

2. ~ Characteristics ~
 Multicellular
 Eukaryotic with no cell walls
 Heterotrophs (consumers)

3. ~ Characteristics ~
 Have a nervous system to respond to their
environment
 Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food
 Most animals develop from a zygote
becoming a
 A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-
filled space forming a hollow ball of cells
called a gastrula.
gastrula

4. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~
 The gastrula is made up of three parts:
– Ectoderm, a layer of cells on the outer surface
Ectoderm
of the gastrula, grows and divides developing
into skin and nervous tissue.
– Endoderm, a layer of cells lining the inner
Endoderm
surface of the gastrula, develops into the
lining of the animal’s digestive tract.
– Mesoderm, made up of two layers of cells
lying between the ectoderm and endoderm,
forms muscles, reproductive organs and
circulatory vessels.

6. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~
 Animals that develop a mouth from the
indented space in the gastrula are
protostomes.
 Animals that develop an anus from the
opening in the gastrula are
deuterostomes.

8. ~ Body Plans ~
 Animals that are
irregular in shape are
asymmetrical.
 Animals that are
regular in shape are
symmetrical.

9. ~ Body Plans ~
 An animal has radial symmetry if it
can be divided along any plane,
through a central axis, into equal
halves.
 An animal has bilateral symmetry if
it can be divided down its length
into similar right and left halves
forming mirror images of each other.

10. Which figure has bilateral symmetry?
Which has radial symmetry?

11. ~ Body Plans ~
 Acoelomates – animals have three cell
layers with a digestive tract but no body
cavities.
 Pseudocoelomates – animals with a fluid-
filled body cavity partly lined with
mesoderm.
 Coelomates – animals with a body cavity
completely surrounded by mesoderm.

13. ~ Protection and Support ~
 Though not all animals have a skeleton,
those that do can be divided into two
groups:
– Those with an exoskeleton – a hard,
waxy coating on the outside of the body
that protects internal organs, provides a
framework for support, and a place for
muscle attachment.
– Those with an endoskeleton – support
framework within the body that protects
some organs and a brace for muscles to
pull against.

14. ~Invertebrates~
 8 main phyla
 No backbones
 95% of all animals are in this group

15. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
 Sponges
 simplest form of animal life
 live in water
 Do not move around
 no symmetry
 Pores (holes) all over body


16. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
 Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of
food from water using collar cells and then
pumps the water out the osculum.

17. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
 Examples: Tube
Sponge, Glass
Sponge, Sea Sponge

18. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
 Live in water
 Most have tentacles
 catch food with stinging cells
 gut for digesting

19. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
 2 different
shapes
 Medusa - like a
jellyfish
 Polyp - like a
hydra

20. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
 Examples -
Jellyfish, Hydra,
sea anemones, and
corals

21. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Flatworms
 Flat, ribbon-like body
 Live in water or are parasites
 bilateral symmetry

22. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples: Planaria
 eyespots detect light
 food and waste go
in and out the same
opening

23. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples:
Tapeworm
 Parasite that
lives in intestines
of host
absorbing food

24. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples: Fluke
 parasite
 lives inside
of host

25. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Nematoda ~
 Roundworms
– Round, tubular body
– small or microscopic
– bilateral symmetry
– have both a mouth and anus
– Live in water or are parasites

26. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Nematoda ~
 Examples:
– Hookworm
– Trichinella

27. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
 Soft bodies
 Hard Shells
 Live on land or in water
 have a circulatory system and a complex
nervous system.
 Important food source for humans

28. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Gastropoda
– snails and slugs
– may have 1 shell
– stomach-footed -
move on stomach

29. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Bivalves
– 2 shells hinged
together
– clams, oysters,
scallops and
mussels

30. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Cephalopods
– squids and octopuses
– internal mantel

32. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
– Segemented worms
– Body divided into
segments(sections)
– Live in water or
underground
– have a nervous and circulatory system

33. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
 Class Earthworms
 eat soil and
breakdown
organic matter,
wastes provide
nutrients to soil

34. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
 Class bristleworms

35. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
 Class leeches
 parasites that feed on blood of other animals

36. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Echinodermata ~
 Hard, spiny skin
 Live in salt water
 Radial symmetry
 name means ‘spiney skinned’
 endoskeleton

37. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Echinodermata ~
 Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar
and sea cucumber

38. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~
 Body divided into sections/segments
 Exoskeleton
 Jointed legs
 well developed nervous system
 largest group of organisms on earth

39. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~
 3 subphylums:
 Classified into classes according to the
number of legs, eyes and antennae they
have.

40. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~
Subphylum Chilicerata
is divided into 3 classes
Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
Merostomata – horseshoe crabs
Pycnogonida – sea spiders

41. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
 Class – Arachnida
 no antennae
 4 pairs of legs
 2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen
 spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

43. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
 Class Merostomata
 Horseshoe crabs
– Ancient group of species
– Changed little over 350 million years
– Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf
coasts of United States.

45. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata
 Class Pycnogonida
– Sea spider

46. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea
5 Classes
 Aquatic ones have gills
 2 antennae
 2 body regions or segmented
 Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods
 Many species taste delicious in butter

48.  Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes
 Class Insecta (insects)
 Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)
 Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

49. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
 Class Insecta
 no antennae
 3 pairs of legs
 2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen
 grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

51. ~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
 Class Diplopoda
 Millipedes
 segmented animals
 Have 2 pairs of legs per segment
 Primarily herbivores & decomposers

53. ~Invertebrate Phylum
Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia
 Class Chiopoda
 Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores
 Have 1 pair of antennae
 Are often poisonous, using modified front
claws to immobilize prey

55. ~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata
5 classes
 Fish
 Mammals
 Reptiles
 Amphibians
 Birds