This document provides guidance on how to present an effective seminar or presentation. It discusses selecting relevant content for the audience, organizing the presentation into an introduction, body, and conclusion. It also covers delivery techniques like speaking conversationally, using gestures, and making eye contact with the audience. The document recommends preparing visual aids that are clear, consistent, and support the verbal message. It emphasizes the importance of practicing the presentation to build confidence and comfort in front of an audience.

1. HOW TO PRESENT A SEMINAR DR.S.YUVARAJAN,M.B.B.S(GOLD MEDALIST) RESIDENT , DEPT OF PULMONARY MEDICINE GMCH, NAGPUR

2. Presentation Skills

3. Presentation Challenges Content Organization Delivery Fear

4. CONTENT Relevant material for audience’s knowledge level Acknowledgement of audience’s wants and needs Sufficient depth in support material Interesting examples for audience Appropriate visual aids

5. ORGANIZATION Introduction DEFINITION OF TOPIC DESCRIPTION OF THAT IN LUCID WAY DESCRIPTION OF THAT TOPIC TO DEPTH RELEVENT EXAMPLES AND MATERIALS FROM TEXTS , JOURNALS , RECENT ARTICLES ABOUT THE TOPIC TRY TO USE MORE FLOW CHARTS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING

6. RELEVENT EXPLANATION OF BASIC SCIENCES TO THAT TOPIC CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY REFERENCES

7. DELIVERY Moves comfortably and gestures naturally Looks at each member of the audience Speaks conversationally and enthusiastically Handles visual aids effectively

8. Fear (Being afraid!] Biggest problem when speaking to groups is fear Largely fear of the unknown Reduce fear by reducing the unknown

9. 1) First, Do Your Homework What: Situation Who: Audience Why: Objectives How: Methodology

10. Define the Situation: Is it to … Inform? Teach? Solicit input? Persuade or sell? Stimulate thought? What is the most important message that you want your audience to receive?

11. The Answers Will … Determine the material you will use Guide your approach to the presentation situation Pitch your presentation to the ‘right level’ of the audience.

12. Define Your Objectives Gives you a goal to hit, a goal to attain as a result of your presentation Do not include anything (data, visuals, examples, etc.) in your presentation that doesn’t help you achieve the objectives

13. 2) Get the Words in Order Introduction Body Conclusion

14. … also means— Tell them what you are going to say. Say it. Tell them what you said.

15. Preparing Your Material Determine your objectives Plan a beginning, a middle, an end Select key ideas and results to be presented Organize the material Enhance with visuals, numbers, examples

16. Introduction (Tell them what you are going to say.) Grab their attention State your purpose Explain your agenda Establish personal benefit

17. Remember to include … Greetings Acknowledgements Agenda

18. Body (Say it.) Help the audience get the greatest amount of information with the least amount of mental effort. Main points (maximum of 7)

19. Conclusion (Tell them what you said.) Summarize main points Ask for specific action Make last words memorable Not ‘any questions?’ (“Question and answer” BEFORE the final statement) Not just ‘thank you’ (Do this in the introduction)

20. Visual Aids Are … Visible (can be seen) Aid (assist; help) Don’t automatically improve presentations! Visual Aids …

21. Visual aids play supporting role. Who plays the major role?

22. You You! are the expert You are the one who was asked to speak

23. Do use visuals to … Focus the audience’s attention Reinforce your verbal message Stimulate interest and add impact Illustrate factors that are hard to visualize

24. Don’t use visuals to … Impress your audience with detail and animation Avoid interaction with audience Make more than one point per slide Present simple ideas that are easily stated verbally

25. Provide outline for audience Provide outline for you Support verbal message with visual images to increase retention Support words with numbers and graphics to increase understanding Visuals

26. If yes, what visuals do I need? A visual must be necessary.

27. Preparing Good Visual Aids Appropriate Clear Consistent Dynamic

28. Appropriate (Who is your audience?) Type of visual aid Choice of overall design (‘template’) Choice of graphics/pictures/charts

29. Present one key point per slide … because more than one idea in a slide Distracts the audience Lessens the focus and impact of the message

30. Make visuals big enough to see Up to the last row of seats Should be easy to see … including the labels on charts and tables Highlight areas of a complex diagram or flowchart or organizational chart

31. Large and simple works well! Prefer this size Not this size

32. Make Text and Numbers Legible Use a minimum of 24 point size (This is 34 point) This is 24 point size This is 20 point size This is 14 point size

33. Presenting Text Short bullets work better Short bullets actually are much more effective from a visual standpoint, while still effectively making your point compared to long paragraphs of text (like this paragraph). Don’t ferget to chack your spalling

34. ‘ 5 x 5’ Guideline Maximum of 5 bullet points Maximum of 5 words per bullet

35. When presenting numbers … Maximum of 10 – 15 numbers in a slide Round to whole numbers Prefer graphs over tables of numbers

36. Consistent Background Font Structure Capitalization Spacing Illustrations Colors Start with Design Templates in PowerPoint

37. Use Color Carefully Keep consistent theme or template No more than three or four colors per slide Contrasting colors provides maximum visibility Dark colors for background Light color for text

38. Capital Letters … Only for first letter of first word in bullet point ALL CAPS (LIKE THIS) ARE MORE DIFFICULT TO READ

39. Images preferred over text Lists into tables Numbers into graphs Wordy descriptions into diagrams

40. Transitions & Animations Movement Multimedia Sight and sound Stages and steps ‘ Builds’ Create interest Guide eye Simplify Organize

41. Using builds and animations Helps explain flow of complex process Keeps audience attention But, too much interferes with the message … so use sparingly. Avoid mixing different slide transition effects

42. How to Use Visuals Some Do’s and Don’ts

43. Talk about what’s on the slide.

44. Give the audience time to see the slide.

45. Enough time … Don’t put too much on a slide!

46. How Many Slides? Give two-minutes for presenting a ‘full’ slide Arithmetic: 10-minute presentation = not more than 5 slides 15-minute presentation = not more than 7 slides 20-minute presentation = not more than 10 slides

47. Important Don’ts Do not read text on slides word for word Do not face the screen and turn your back to the audience when pointing to slides Do not rely on slides completely What do you do when there is no electrical power or when bulb of projector unexpectedly burns out?

48. Uses of Handouts Reinforce important information Summarize action items for the audience to follow-up on Supply supporting data Handouts are the place for detailed tables, organizational charts, explanations.

51. A Good Speaker … Knows the presentation material Has verbal and nonverbal skills Expresses confidence I am who I am.

52. Show You Know Your Material Use written notes with discretion– don’t read word for word. Manage visual aids smoothly Use pointers Know how to move around in PowerPoint slides view Don’t rush your delivery Handle questions well

53. Effective Public Speaking: 7% Words Voice: 38% Tone Inflection Face & Body: 55% Facial Expression & Body Language

54. Verbal Skills: Your Voice Speak clearly Pronunciation Volume Pitch Speak expressively Tone Pace and Speed Timing Technical Dramatic

55. Volume Project your voice to be heard— Aim for back of the room Gain maximum attention Say some words louder

56. Tone Emphasis placed on a word to create meaning Variation prevents monotonous presentations

57. Pace and Speed Speed at which speaker presents different topics or thoughts within a topic Speaker adjusts pace according to listeners’ and speakers’ interest Effective speakers change their rate of speed to fit their purpose, content, listeners’ & personal style

58. Timing Go s l o w e r to emphasize major points Pause often & look at audience Give emphasis with voice & body

59. Nonverbal Skills: Face & Body Exhibit physical control Face Hands Feet Space Dress appropriately How you look How you move

60. Body Language: Messages You Send Thru-- Facial expressions Posture Gesture

61. Facial Expressions Eyes are the windows to the soul Face is the front of the house SMILE! Act out what you’re saying. Frown Shake your head Raise your eyebrows

62. Posture ‘Do’ Stand up straight.

63. Posture Don’ts Lean on the podium Stand with hands on hips Sway back and forth Stand with arms folded across chest Arms behind back Bury hands in pockets

64. Gestures What to do with hands?

65. Eye Contact Using your eyes

66. Use Your Eyes to … Look at individuals Not one but many Establish eye contact at the end of a thought

67. Eye Contact– Don’t: Look out the window, at ceiling, at wall, at floor Look at one spot Forget to look at the back row Let notes get in the way of eye contact Look over the heads of the audience

68. Image Appropriate attire enhances credibility Your attire is part of your message Wear comfortable clothes

69. Basics of Q&A Anticipate questions Listen to the question Repeat the question Make sure everyone heard the question Make sure you heard the question correctly Don’t guess Keep your answer brief

70. Express Confidence! Smile. Stand up straight. Look your listeners in the eyes. Be yourself.

71. Practice, practice, practice.

73. When Silence Is Golden Wise men think without talking; fools reverse the process. Half of wisdom is being silent when you have nothing to say. We were given two ears and one mouth, so we ought to listen twice as much as we speak.