How to design and deliver an oral presentation.

1. DEVELOPED FOR
T.C. ISTANBUL BILIM UNIVERSITY
26 FEBRUARY 2013

2. IMPORTANCE OF ORAL
PRESENTATIONS
 Communicating in business requires skills in three areas – writing,
speaking, and listening.
 Oral presentations involve all of your communication skills

3. THE ROLE OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS
An oral presentation permits a dialogue between the speaker and the
audience.
Types of Audiences:
 Clients & customers
 Colleagues in your organization
 Fellow professionals at technical conferences
 The public

4. THE THREE-STEP PROCESS FOR
DEVELOPING ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Step – 1
PLANNING YOUR
PRESENTATION.
Step – 2
WRITING YOUR
PRESENTATION.
Step - 3
COMPLETING YOUR
PRESENTATION.

5. STEP 1: PLANNING YOUR
PRESENTATION
 Analyze the Situation. Define your purpose and develop a profile of
your audience.
• Purpose. Are you attempting to inform, or to inform and persuade.
• Setting. Try to learn as much as you can about the setting and
circumstances of your presentation.

6. ANALYZING AN AUDIENCE FOR ORAL
PRESENTATIONS
Determine audience size & composition
Predict the audience’s probable reaction
Gauge the audience’s experience

7. STEP 1: PLANNING YOUR
PRESENTATION (CONT’D)
Gather
Information.
• Determine audience
needs and obtain
the information
necessary to satisfy
those needs.
Select the
Right Medium.
• Choose the best
medium or
combination of
media for delivering
your presentation.
Organize the
Information.
• Define your main
idea, limit your
scope and verify
timing, select a
direct or an indirect
approach, and
outline your
content.

8. PREPARING YOUR OUTLINE
(PLANNING)
To ensure effective organization, prepare your outline in several stages:
 State your purpose and main idea.
 Organize your major points and subpoints.
 Identify your introduction, body and close.
 Show your connections.
 Show your sources.
 Choose a title.

9. Prepare a detailed planning outline and a simpler speaking outline.
To prepare an effective speaking outline, follow these steps:
 Follow the planning outline.
 Condense points and transitions to keywords.
 Add delivery cues.
 Arrange your notes.
PREPARING YOUR OUTLINE
(SPEAKING)

10. PREPARING YOUR OUTLINE
(SPEAKING)
Linking Ideas Sequencing/Ordering
 firstly... secondly... thirdly...
 then... next... finally/lastly...
 let's start with...
 let's move/go on to...
 now we come to...
 that brings us to...
 let's leave that...
 let’s get back to...
Giving reasons/causes
 therefore
 as a result
 that's why
Contrasting
 but
 however

11. PREPARING YOUR OUTLINE
(SPEAKING)
Linking Ideas Comparing
 similarly
 in the same way
Contradicting
 in fact
 actually
Summarizing
 to sum up
 in brief
 in short
Concluding
 in conclusion
 to conclude
Highlighting
 in particular
 especially

12. PREPARING YOUR OUTLINE
(SPEAKING)
Linking Ideas Digressing
by the way
in passing
Giving examples
for example
for instance
such as
Generalizing
usually
generally
as a rule

13. STEP 2: WRITING YOUR PRESENTATION
Adapting to your audience – addresses a number of issues, from
speaking style to technology choices.
Composing your presentation - the introduction, the body and the
close.

14. THE INTRODUCTION
An effective introduction:
 arouses interest in your topic
 establishes your credibility
 prepares the audience for the body of your presentation

15. THE BODY
The bulk of your presentation discusses the main points in
your outline. Your goals are to make sure that:
1) The organization of your presentation is clear.
2) Your presentation holds the audience’s attention.

16. HOLDING YOUR AUDIENCE’S
ATTENTION
Relate your subject to your audience’s needs.
Anticipate your audience’s questions.
Use clear, vivid language to signal Advance organizers, Summaries, and
Transitions.
Explain the relationship between your subject and familiar ideas.
Ask for opinions or pause occasionally for questions or comments.
Illustrate your ideas with visual aids.

17. THE CLOSE
The close of a presentation is critical for two reasons:
1) Audience attention tends to peak at this point.
2) Audience members will leave with your final words ringing in
their ears.
Restate your main ideas, describe the next steps, and end on a
strong note.

18. STEP 3: COMPLETING YOUR
PRESENTATION
 Revise message to ensure appropriate content.
 Edit presentation for clarity and conciseness.
Pay attention to these four special tasks:
1) Mastering the Art of Delivery
2) Preparing to Speak
3) Overcoming Anxiety
4) Handling Questions Responsively

19. STEP 3: COMPLETING YOUR
PRESENTATION
Mastering the Art of delivery
Language focus Introducing yourself and your talk
1. Greeting, name, position
 Good morning. My name's (...). I'm the new Finance Manager.
 Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words
 about my own background. I started out in ...
 Welcome to Standard Electronics. I know I've met some
 of you, but just for the benefit of those I haven't, my name's (...).

20. STEP 3: COMPLETING YOUR
PRESENTATION
2. Title/Subject
 I'd like to talk (to you) today about...
 I'm going to ...
... present the recent...
... explain our position on ...
... brief you on...
... inform you about...
... describe...
 The subject/ focus/ topic of my talk/ presentation/paper (academic) /
speech (usually to public audience)...

21. STEP 3: COMPLETING YOUR
PRESENTATION
3. Purpose/Objective
We are here today to decide/ agree/ learn about...
The purpose of this talk is to update you on/put you in the picture
about/ give you the background to...
4. Length
I shall only take (...) minutes of your time.
I plan to be brief.
This should only last (...) minutes.

22. STEP 3: COMPLETING YOUR
PRESENTATION
5. Outline/Main parts
I've divided my presentation into four parts/sections. They are...
The subject can be looked at under the following headings:...
We can break this area down into the following fields:
Firstly/first of all...
Secondly/then/next...
Thirdly/and then we come to ...
Finally/lastly/last of all...

23. STEP 3: COMPLETING YOUR
PRESENTATION
6. Questions
 I'd be glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.
 If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.
 Please interrupt me if there's something which needs clarifying.
Otherwise, there'll be time for discussion at the end.
7. Reference to the audience
 I can see many of you are...
 I know you've all travelled a long way.
 You all look as though you've heard this before.

24. MASTERING THE ART OF DELIVERY
Memorizing Reading
Speaking
from notes
Impromptu
speaking
FOUR DELIVERY METHODS

25. PREPARING TO SPEAK
Know your material
Rehearse the presentation
Ensure that your location is ready
Ensure that all materials and equipment are in place
Familiarize yourself with the facilities and the equipment

26. OVERCOMING ANXIETY
Three facts about Nervousness
1) You are much more aware of your nervousness than the audience is.
2) Nervousness gives you energy and enthusiasm.
3) After a few minutes, your nervousness will pass.

27. OVERCOMING ANXIETY
Ways to Develop Confidence
Prepare more material than necessary
 Rehearse
 Realize that you are prepared
 Think positively
 Realize that the audience is there to hear you not judge you
Visualize your success
Be comfortable

28. OVERCOMING ANXIETY
Ways to Develop Confidence
 Walk around
 Go off by yourself for a few minutes
 Talk with someone for a few minutes
 Take several deep breaths, exhaling slowly
 Be ready
 Don’t panic
 Concentrate on your message and your audience, not on yourself
 Keep going

29. OVERCOMING ANXIETY
Beginning the Presentation
Walk slowly to the lectern
Arrange your text, outline, or note cards before you
If water is available, take a sip
Face your audience, adjust the microphone and other equipment as needed

30. OVERCOMING ANXIETY
Beginning the Presentation (cont’d)
Survey the room for a few seconds
Find a friendly face, make eye contact and smile
Begin with a greeting and address officers/dignitaries present
If you have not been introduced, introduce yourself

31. OVERCOMING ANXIETY
Volume Speed Pitch Articulation Nonfluencies
Inexperienced speakers often have
problems with five aspects of
vocalizing.

32. USING YOUR BODY EFFECTIVELY
Effective speakers use their body language to help listeners follow the presentation.
Guidelines:
 Maintain eye contact
 Use natural gestures
 Don’t block the audience’s view of the screen
 Control the audience’s attention

33. HANDLING QUESTIONS RESPONSIVELY
Anticipate likely questions and think through your answers
Focus on the questioner
Respond appropriately
Maintain control
Encourage questions
Conclude your presentation

35. ONE OF THE GIFTS
YOU CAN GIVE
TO ANYONE IS...

36. ... THE GIFT OF ATTENTION

37. Sez er SARIÖZ
English Teacher | Free-lance Interpreter
www.sezersarioz.com sezer@sezersarioz.com
sezersarioz sezer.sarioz.5