Introduction of Motherboard with labelling partsJanyabiPandit
Basic parts of motherboard, includes Motherboard types, RAM types, RAM installation and removing from DIMM sockets, Explained input output connectors, GPU with picture, RAM with picture, Laptop cooling fan, All computer parts labelled.
Introduction of Motherboard with labelling partsJanyabiPandit
Basic parts of motherboard, includes Motherboard types, RAM types, RAM installation and removing from DIMM sockets, Explained input output connectors, GPU with picture, RAM with picture, Laptop cooling fan, All computer parts labelled.
PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) abbreviated as PCIe or PCI-E, is designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, AGP standards. We present a data communication developed system for use the transfer data between the host and the peripheral devices via PCIe. The performance and the available area on the board are effective by using the PCIe. PCIe is a serial expansion bus interconnection method which is use for high speed communication. PCI Express represents the currently fastest and most expensive solution to connect the peripheral devices with general purpose CPU. It provides a highest bandwidth connection in the PC platform. In this paper, we highlight the different types of bus architecture. Here the PCIe architecture is described how data transfer between the CPU to the destination.
VEDLIoT Cognitive IoT Hardware Platform. René Griessl. Workshop on Deep Learning for IoT (DL4IoT), co-located with HiPEAC 2022, Budapest, Hungary, June 2022
Design and Analysis of Xilinx Verified AMBA Bridge for SoC Systemsidescitation
ARM introduced the Advanced Microcontroller Bus
Architecture (AMBA) 4.0 and its specifications define five
buses/interfaces: Advanced eXtensible Interface Bus (AXI),
Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB), Advanced System Bus
(ASB), Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB) and Advanced Trace
Bus (ATB). That means more and more existing Intellectual
Property (IP) must be able to communicate with AMBA4.0
bus. This paper presents an IP core design of APB Bridge, to
provide interface between AXI-Lite bus and APB bus operating
at different frequencies. The maximum operating frequency
of the module is 168.464MHz. Test cases are run to perform
multiple read and write operations. Synthesis and Simulation
is done using Xilinx ISE and Modelsim.
Hyper Transport technology is a very fast, low latency, point-to-point link used for inter-connecting integrated circuits on board. Hyper Transport, previously codenamed as Lightning Data Transport (LDT), provides the bandwidth and flexibility critical for today's networking and computing platforms while retaining the fundamental programming model of PCI. Hyper Transport was invented by AMD and perfected with the help of several partners throughout the industry.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
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State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
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Welcome to the training module on Texas Instruments XIO2200A PCI Express to 1394a Chip. This training module will go over the basics of PCI Express, including an overview of PCI Express, differences between PCI and PCI Express, and types of PCI Express devices. It will also introduce XIO2200A 1394-based endpoint device.
Over the past few years, the industry has started the migration from PCI to PCI Express. However, many designers and engineers still ask ‘What exactly is PCI Express’? As a starting point, PCI Express is a high speed, low voltage, differential serial communication interconnect between two devices. This point-to-point communication mechanism was defined by an industry consortium known as the Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group, or PCI-SIG. The first revision of the PCI Express Base Specification was in 2002, and multiple revisions have been made since then to make improvements. PCI Express can be broken down to two speed grades specified by PCI Express Base Specification: Gen1 at 2.5Gbps and Gen2 at 5.0Gbps. This training module will focus on Gen1 speeds of 2.5Gbps. PCI Express operates at a high-speed serial rate of 2.5Gbps and utilizes low-voltage differential signaling to achieve this. Coming from PCI, this technology doubles the existing theoretical bandwidth of PCI while also utilizing a much lower pin count.
This table illustrates some basic differences between PCI Express and traditional PCI. PCI Express utilizes a high-speed serial bus which uses low-voltage differential signaling to transmit data across the bus. This is a drastic change from the parallel bus PCI employed. PCI Express is also a point-to-point architecture, while PCI was a shared-bus architecture. With the high-bandwidth capability of PCI Express, isochronous data transfer is support and QoS is much improved over what PCI offered.
A physical connection between two PCI Express devices is broken down into sub-parts, as can be seen on the figure. A lane consists of signal pairs in each direction (dual simplex transmission), with each signal of the pair made up of two wires. These two wires are used to transmit the differential signals across the lane. The peak-to-peak signaling voltage at the transmitter ranges from 800mV to 1200mV, while the differential peak voltage is half of these values. Common mode voltage can be anywhere between 0 and 3.6V, making the transmission of data fairly low power. A full PCI Express link is a collection of one or more symmetric lanes in each direction, and combinations are specified by PCI-SIG in the base specification. A x1 Link consists of 1 Lane or 1 differential signal pair in each direction for a total of 4 signals. A x32 Link consists of 32 Lanes or 32 signal pairs in each direction for a total of 128 signals. Links can defined as x1, x2, x4, x8, x12, x16 or x32.
There are many attractive features that come built into the PCI Express specification. Besides have a point-to-point connection between two devices, utilizing a serial bus requires fewer pins in design versus that of PCI. With lane aggregation, PCI Express is very scalable to bandwidth-intensive applications. Since PCI Express evolved from PCI and PCI-X, migration is much easier. The same memory, I/O and configuration address space is used in PCI Express as was used in PCI. In addition, PCI Express has a higher QoS (quality of service) with improved data integrity and error handling. PCI Express is RAS-capable, and data integrity is available at both the link level and at the transmitter/receiver.
The basic PCI Express Topology includes 4 major components including the root complex, bridges, switches and endpoints. The root complex is the device that connects the CPU and memory subsystem to the total PCI Express fabric, and can support one or more PCI Express ports. The example in the page has 3 ports. A bridge device creates a bridge between PCI Express and another standard, typically a PCI or PCI-X hierarchy. A switch is used to expand the PCI Express fabric, utilizing virtual PCI to PCI bridges as seen in the figure. Endpoint devices are simply peripheral devices that are either requesters or completers of PCI Express transactions.
TI offers 4 different types of PCI Express device families, including physical layer, or PHY, devices, bridges, switches and endpoints. PCI Express PHY devices are necessary when FPGAs in a system design do not have this functionality integrated. Connecting a PHY device to a FPGA allows the FPGA to then be part of the PCI Express fabric, and in turn, can take advantage of the higher speed and bandwidth capability of the architecture. PCI Express switch devices are used to extend the PCI Express fabric allowing for more devices, or endpoints, to be connected. PCI Express switch devices are used to extend the PCI Express fabric allowing for more devices, or endpoints, to be connected. Endpoints are necessary to add peripheral capabilities to a PCI Express fabric. There are many examples of peripherals including 1394 controllers, Ethernet, USB and graphics devices that can take advantage of the high bandwidth capabilities of PCI Express.
The Texas Instruments XIO2200A is a single-function PCI Express to PCI local bus translation bridge where the PCI bus interface is internally connected to a 1394a-2000 open host controller link-layer controller with a two-port 1394a PHY. The device is capable of transferring data between the PCI Express bus and the 1394 bus at 100, 200 and 400 Mbps. The XIO2200A provides two 1394 ports that have separate cable bias (TPBIAS). The device also supports IEEE standards such as 1394a-2000 power-down features for battery-operated applications and arbitration enhancements.
The PCI-Express to PCI translation bridge is proven compatibility and interoperability with leading PCIe chipsets and 1394a devices. The Software-programmable and hardware-autonomous power-management features for low-power applications such as ExpressCard. An external 2-wire serial EEPROM interface is provided to load the global unique ID for the 1394 fabric. The XIO2200A is available in either a 176-ball GGW/ZGW MicroStar TM BGA or a 175−ball ZHH MicroStar TM BGA package.
The figure shows a simplified block diagram of the basic architecture of the PCI-Express to PCI Bridge with 1394a OHCI and two-port PHY. The top of the diagram is the PCI Express interface and the 1394a OHCI with two-port PHY is located at the bottom of the diagram.
The figure represents a typical implementation of the XIO2200A PCI Express to PCI Translation Bridge with 1394a OHCI and two-port PHY. This solution provides robust PCI Express link to 1394a cable port protocol conversion in a single semiconductor package. The XIO2200A operates only with the PCI Express link as the primary interface and the 1394a cable ports as the secondary interface. The XIO2200A requires either a differential, 100-MHz common clock reference or a single-ended, 125-MHz clock reference. The EEPROM can be used to set various configuration registers, but is not necessary if those registers are settable via system software/BIOS. Up to eight general-purpose inputs and outputs (GPIO) exist for further system customization. The 1394a core requires the standard 24.576-MHz crystal oscillator as described in the 1394a specification.
The XIO2200A has an x1 PCI Express interface that is fully compliant to the PCI Express Base Specification , Revision 1.0a.The XIO2200A TX and RX terminals attach to the upstream PCI Express device over a 2.5Gbps high-speed differential transmit and receive PCI Express x1 Link. The XIO2200A requires an external reference clock for the PCI-Express interface. The XIO2200A is designed to meet all stated specifications when the reference clock input is within all PCI Express operating parameters. This includes both standard clock oscillator sources or spread spectrum clock oscillator sources. The XIO2200A PCI Express Reset terminal (J17) connects to the upstream PCI Express device’s PERST output. The bridge also supports the PCI Express sideband WAKE feature.
The XIO2200A has two 1394a cable ports that can operate at 100, 200, or 400 Mbps. These ports are compliant with the IEEE Std 1394a−2000 , Amendment 1. Here describes implementation considerations for the XIO2200A’s secondary 1394a cable ports. The figure illustrates the connection of the XIO2200A to a 1394a cable connector. For any unused 1394 port, the TPB+ and TPB− terminals can be tied together and then pulled to ground through a 1KΩ resistor; the TPA+ and TPA− terminals of an unused port can be left unconnected.
There are eight general-purpose input/output (GPIO) terminals in the XIO2200A. All eight GPIO terminals are 3.3-V tolerant. Three of the GPIO terminals are shared with other miscellaneous functions. The remaining five terminals are always general-purpose inputs or outputs. All eight GPIO terminals are individually configurable as either inputs or outputs by writing the corresponding bit in the GPIO control register at offset B4h. A GPIO data register at offset B6h exists to either read the logic state of each GPIO input or to set the logic state of each GPIO output. The power-up default state for the GPIO control register is input mode.
In summary, PCI Express is the latest in high-speed, serial technology allowing for flexible connection options while utilizing less pins than traditional PCI. With improvements in RAS and QoS, PCI Express will be used for years to come. PCI Express Endpoint devices are necessary to add peripheral capabilities to a PCI Express fabric. There are many examples of peripherals including 1394 controllers, Ethernet, USB and graphics devices that can take advantage of the high bandwidth capabilities of PCI Express. The XIO2200A is 1394-based endpoint devices as a PCI Express to PCI local bus translation bridge to provide full PCI Express and 1394a functionality and performance.
Thank you for taking the time to view this presentation on “ XIO2200A PCI Express to 1394a Chip” . If you would like to learn more or go on to purchase some of these devices, you may either click on the part list link, or simply call our sales hotline. For more technical information you may either visit the Texas Instruments site, or if you would prefer to speak to someone live, please call our hotline number, or even use our ‘live chat’ online facility.