This document discusses signal generators and TI's solutions for them. It provides an overview of signal generators, including what they are, their types and basic block diagrams. It then discusses TI's solutions for digital signal processing, data converters, RF upconversion, power management and other components used in signal generators. Finally, it provides selection guides for microcontrollers, DSPs, FPGAs and other relevant components from TI and other manufacturers.

1. Solution on Handheld Signal Generator Source: Texas Instruments

2. Introduction Purpose To Study working of Signal Generator and its solution from TI Outline What is Signal Generator and types of signal Generator simplified block diagram of AWG/AFG TI’s solution on Signal Generator MCU, DSP, FPGA solution guide from Premier Farnell Content 18 pages

3. What is Signal Generator A signal generator, also known variously as function generator, pitch generator, arbitrary waveform generator, digital pattern generator or frequency generator. It is an electronic device that generates repeating or non-repeating electronic signals (in either the analog or digital domains). An electronic test instrument that delivers a sinusoidal output at an accurately calibrated frequency that may be anywhere from the audio to the microwave range The frequency and the amplitude are adjustable over a wide range. The oscillator must have excellent frequency stability, and its amplitude must remain constant over the tuning range. The Wien-bridge oscillator is commonly used for frequencies up to about 200 kHz. For a radio-frequency signal generator up to about 200 MHz, a resonant circuit oscillator is used (such as a tuned-plate tuned-grid, Hartley, or Colpitts). Beyond this range VHF and microwave oscillators are used

4. Types of Signal Generators Function Generators Function generators are designed to generate periodic waveforms at precise frequencies. They typically use a clocking mechanism known as direct digital synthesis (DDS) to generate precise frequencies of better than 1 µHz of precision Arbitrary Waveform Generators Designed to generate large and often complex waveforms, they use deep onboard memory and sophisticated clocking mechanisms AWGs are capable of advanced linking, looping, and scripting of waveforms for even more complex sequences.

5. Simplified Block Diagram of the AWG / AFG Simplified block diagram of the AWG architecture. Simplified block diagram of an AFG architecture

6. TI’s Solution on Signal Generator

7. Sub System Component Digital Signal Processing T he DSP is capable of handling the performance requirements of the signal processing algorithms needed for such a function and at the same time provides the flexibility of changing system functionality and characteristics of the generated signal. Baseband / IF High-speed Digital to Analog Converters with superior linearity, noise, crosstalk, and PLL phase noise performance are critical to the overall performance of the Generator RF Up-conversion The local oscillator provides a programmable, low-phase noise signal to be mixed with the analog I and Q signals created by the DACs. Power Management and Conversion Signal Generators exist in various form factors such as bench, portable, and modular (or backplane based). The form factor plays a large role in determining the power management requirements of the instrument

8. Features of DSP Core Six On-Chip TMS320C64x+ Megamodules Endianess: Little Endian, Big Endian C64x+ Megamodule Main Features: High-Performance, Fixed-Point TMS320c64x+ DSP 500/625/700 MHz Eight 32-Bit Instructions/Cycle 4000 MIPS/MMACS (16-Bits) at 500 MHz Dedicated SPLOOP Instruction Compact Instructions (16-Bit) Instruction Set Enhancements Exception Handling L1/L2 Memory Architecture: 256K-Bit (32K-Byte) L1P Program RAM/Cache [Direct Mapped, Flexible Allocation] 256K-Bit (32K-Byte) L1D RAM/Cache [2-Way Set-Associative, Flexible Allocation] 4.75M-Bit (608K-Byte) L2 Unified Mapped RAM/Cache [4-Way Set-Associative, Fexible Allocation] L1P Memory Controller L1D Memory Controller L2 Memory Controller Time Stamp Counter One 64-Bit General-Purpose/Watchdog Timer

9. 8/16 bit Low Power MCU Selection Guide Manufacturer Part Number Farnell # Newark # Description TI MSP430FG477 nil 24R9824 16-bit, Ultra-Low-Power MCU with LCD and ADC TI MSP430F478 nil 73M3249 16-bit, Ultra-Low-Power MCU with LCD and ADC TI MSP430FG4618 1470488 22M1151 16-bit, Ultra-Low-Power MCU with LCD and ADC TI MSP430FG4619 1555279 94M8446 16-bit, Ultra-Low-Power MCU with LCD and ADC TI MSP430FG437 1471275 16-bit, Ultra-Low-Power MCU with LCD and ADC TI MSP430FG439 1555272 05J2133 16-bit, Ultra-Low-Power MCU with LCD and ADC TI MSP430FG4250 1503385 54M7241 16-bit, Ultra-Low-Power MCU with LCD and ADC TI MSP430FG4260 54M7246 16-bit, Ultra-Low-Power MCU with LCD and ADC Freescale MC9S08LL16 1748991 26R6794 Ultra-Low Power Segment LCD Microcontroller Freescale MC9S08LG16CLH 1718379 74P0410 8-bit LCD Microcontrollers Freescale MC9S08LL64 1780362 14R8911 Ultra-Low Power Segment LCD Microcontroller Freescale MC9S08LL8 40P5129 Ultra-Low Power Segment LCD Microcontroller Freescale MC9S08LG32CLF 1718380 74P0411 8-bit LCD Microcontrollers Microchip PIC16F727 1659768 07P9656 8-bit Extreme Low Power Microcontroller with nanoWatt XLP Technology Microchip PIC18LF14K50 1701040 07P9719 8-bit Extreme Low Power Microcontroller with nanoWatt XLP Technology Microchip PIC18F46K20 1664863 88K6053 8-bit Extreme Low Power Microcontroller with nanoWatt XLP Technology Microchip PIC24F16KA102 1707629 40M1461 16-bit Extreme Low Power Microcontroller with nanoWatt XLP Technology Atmel ATMEGA3290P 1704562 08R5494 8-bit picoPower Technology AVR Microcontroller Atmel ATMEGA169P 1675975 33P6478 8-bit picoPower Technology AVR Microcontroller

10. 32 bit Low Power MCU Selection Guide Manufacturer Part Number Farnell # Newark # Description TI AM1705 69R1052 ARM Microprocessor TI AM1707 64R0844 ARM Microprocessor TI AM1806 ARM Microprocessor TI AM1808 64R0845 ARM Microprocessor NXP LPC3130FET180 1718537 15R1841 Low-cost, low-power ARM926EJ-S MCUs with high-speed USB 2.0 OTG, SD/MMC, and NAND flash controller NXP LPC3131FET180 1718539 15R1842 Low-cost, low-power ARM926EJ-S MCUs with high-speed USB 2.0 OTG, SD/MMC, and NAND flash controller NXP LPC3180FEL320 1524648 70R5687 16/32-bit ARM microcontroller; hardware floating-point coprocessor, USB On-The-Go, and SDRAM memory Interface NXP LPC3220FET296 70R5689 16/32-bit ARM microcontrollers; hardware floating-point coprocessor, USB On-The-Go, and EMC memory Interface NXP LPC3230FET296 70R5691 16/32-bit ARM microcontrollers; hardware floating-point coprocessor, USB On-The-Go, and EMC memory Interface NXP LPC3240FET296 70R5693 16/32-bit ARM microcontrollers; hardware floating-point coprocessor, USB On-The-Go, and EMC memory interface NXP LPC3250FET296 70R5695 16/32-bit ARM microcontrollers; hardware floating-point coprocessor, USB On-The-Go, and EMC memory Interface

11. DSP Selection Guide Manufacturer Part Number Farnell # Newark # Description ADI ADSP-BF537BBCZ-5A 1317616 21M6774 Blackfin Embedded Multiprocessor ADI ADSP-BF537BBCZ-5AV 1642359 64M7483 Blackfin Embedded Multiprocessor ADI ADSP-BF547BBCZ-5A Nil 19P8218 Blackfin Embedded Processor ADI ADSP-BF547KBCZ-6A Nil 08R6641 Blackfin Embedded Processor ADI ADSP-BF548MBBCZ-5M Nil 08R6642 Blackfin Embedded Processor Freescale MSC8113 1692089 12N7683 Tri-Core Digital Signal Processor Freescale MSC8112 1692088 12N7680 Dual Core Digital Signal Processor TI TMS320C6421 Nil 72M4749 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor TI TMS320C6424 Nil 65M5952 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor TI TMS320C6472 Nil 72R6614 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor TI TMS320C6474 1791956 72R6619 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor

12. FPGA Selection Guide Manufacturer Part Number Farnell Newark Description ALTERA EP2C5 1453497 03P4313 Cyclone II FPGA Family ALTERA EP2C8 1453487 58M5903 Cyclone II FPGA Family ALTERA EP2C15 1549347 94M7222 Cyclone II FPGA Family ALTERA EP2C20 1453472 94M7225 Cyclone II FPGA Family ALTERA EP2C35 1453466 94M7232 Cyclone II FPGA Family ALTERA EP2C50 1635090 15P1541 Cyclone II FPGA Family ALTERA EP2C70 1635091 03P4318 Cyclone II FPGA Family

13. Power Management Selection Guide Manufacturer Part Number Farnell # Newark # Description ADI ADP2503 11R0638 600mA, 2.5MHz Synchronous Buck-Boost DC-DC Switching Regulator ADI ADP2504 63R9770 1A, 2.5MHz Synchronous Buck-Boost DC-DC Switching Regulator Linear LT3080 1556600 75M4716 Adjustable 1.1A Single Resistor Low Dropout Regulator Linear LT3574 1792368 63R6859 Isolated Flyback Converter IC Linear LTC3407 1432765 56M7598 Dual Synchronous, 600mA, 1.5MHz Step-Down DC/DC Regulator Linear LTC3411 1663708 56M7681 1.25A, 4MHz, Synchronous Step-Down DC/DC Converter Microchip MCP1701A 1605554 11N7985 LDO Regulator Microchip MCP1702 1627173 09P3987 LDO Regulator Microchip MCP1703 1627178 09P3988 LDO Regulator Microchip MCP1253-33X50 1332067 03H5060 DC-to-DC Converters Microchip MCP1252-33X50 1332064 59K0222 DC-to-DC Converters NS LM22670 1679653 08P5273 3A SIMPLE SWITCHER®, Step-Down Voltage Regulator NS LM22671 1679657 08P5277 500mA Simple switcher ®, Step-Down Voltage Regulator NS LM22672 1679659 19P7830 1000mA Simple switcher ®, Step-Down Voltage Regulator NS LM2594 1469190 41K3810 Simple switch Power Converter 150 KHz 0.5A Step-Down Voltage Regulator TI REG104GA-5 1207261 75C7549 Single Output LDO, 1.0A, Fixed (5.0V) TI REG1117-5 1212858 20M1510 Single Output LDO, 800mA, Fixed(5.0V) TI TPS63001 1652399 85K1711 96% Buck-Boost Converter with 1.7A Current Switches, 3.3V fixed Output voltage in TI TPS63002 1535677 85K1713 96% Buck-Boost Converter with 1.7A Current Switches, 5V fixed Output voltage in TI TPS63010 1647820 14N8521 High Efficient Single Inductor Buck-Boost Converter with 2-A Switches

14. Touch Screen Controller Selection Guide Manufacturer Part Number Farnell # Newark # Description ADI AD7843ARQZ 1226197 19M8858 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Controller w/ 2 Aux Inputs & 8-Bit SPI Interface. Uses Ext Reference ADI AD7843ARUZ 1699610 59K5648 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Controller w/ 2 Aux Inputs & 8-Bit SPI Interface. Uses Ext Reference ADI AD7873ACPZ 1464744 19M8859 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Controller w/ Temp Sensor, 2.5V Ref, and Aux & Battery Inputs ADI AD7877ACPZ-500RL7 1226200 19M8860 4-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Controller w/ Noise Reduction, DAC, Conversion Controls, & GPIO ADI AD7147ACPZ-1500RL7 1699633 19P8278 CapTouch® Programmable Controller for Single-Electrode Capacitance Sensors ADI AD7147ACPZ-500RL7 1699634 19P8279 CapTouch® Programmable Controller for Single-Electrode Capacitance Sensors ADI AD7148ACPZ-1500RL7 Nil 84M7803 Programmable Touch Controller for Single Electrode Capacitance Sensors Atmel AT42QT5320 Nil Nil QTwo™ 10-bit touchscreen Controller Atmel AT42QT4120 Nil Nil QField™ 10-bit touchscreen Sensor IC Atmel ATA42QT4160 Nil Nil Single-layer touchscreen controller Atmel mXT224 Nil Nil 224-node highly configurable touchscreen controller TI AD7843 Nil 35C1556 4-wire Touch Screen Controller TI AD7845 Nil 35C1560 5-wire Touch Screen Controller TI AD7846 1703450 35C1561 Touch Screen Controller

15. Segment LCD Display Selection Guide Manufacturer Part Number Farnell # Newark # Description POWERTIP CORP PC1602ARU-HWB-G-Q 1671498 40P0693 LCD MODULE, 16X2, X-TMP POWERTIP CORP PC2002LRS-AWA-B-Q 1671504 45P3811 LCD MODULE, 20X2 LED B/L POWERTIP CORP PC2402LRS-AWA-B-Q 1671511 Nil LCD MODULE, 24X2, LED B/L Batron BTHQ21603V-FSTF-LED 9448900 96K7140 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 16X2 Batron BTHQ21605V 9448918 96K7144 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 16X2 Batron BTHQ21608VSS 9448691 96K7150 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 16X2 Batron BTHQ22005VSS 9448934 96K7151 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 20X2 DENSITRON LMR4047BG2C16HNG/5V 1144459 92K5967 LCD MODULE, 2X16, B/L DENSITRON LMR4052BG2C20HNG/5V 1144460 92K5968 LCD MODULE, 2X16, B/L EVERBOUQUET MC1602C8-SYL 1220432 05M0682 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 2X16, STN EVERBOUQUET MC2002D-SYL 1220437 05M0690 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 2X20, STN LUMEX LCM-S01602DSR/D 1535937 19J7646 DOT MATRIX LCD DISPLAY 16X2 LUMEX LCM-S02402DSR 1797677 19J7694 LCD Alphanumeric Display TRIDENT TRIMODS1538STNLEDTFV 1183136 24M8573 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 16X2, B/L TRIDENT TRIMODS1544 1183134 24M8576 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 20X2 VARITRONIX MDLS162653V 1183192 24M4767 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 2X16, STN VARITRONIX MDLS20265-LV 1183176 24M4769 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 20X2, STN VARITRONIX MDLS24265SP-LV-LED04 1183183 02M6383 LCD MODULE, ALPHANUMERIC, 24X2, B/L

16. Reference Generator Selection Guide Manufacturer Part Number Farnell # Newark # Description ADI AD9510 1528258 19M1011 Multi-Output Clock Generator ADI AD9511 1528256 19M8941 1.2 GHz Clock Distribution IC, PLL Core, Dividers, Delay Adjust, Five Outputs ADI AD9512 1528255 19M8942 1.2 GHz Clock Distribution IC, Two 1.6 GHz Inputs, Dividers, Delay Adjust, Five Outputs ADI AD9513 1117098 59K7290 800 MHz Clock Distribution IC,Dividers, Delay Adjust, Three Outputs ADI AD9514 1117885 59K7293 1.6 GHz Clock Distribution IC, Dividers, Delay Adjust, Three Outputs ADI AD9515 1117884 59K7296 1.6 GHz Clock Distribution IC, Dividers, Delay Adjust, Two Outputs ADI AD9516-0 1498700 41M1983 14-Output Clock Generator with Integrated 2.8 GHz VCO ADI AD9516-3 1571260 50M0830 14-Output Clock Generator with Integrated 2.0 GHz VCO ADI AD9517-1 1498701 51R0763 12-Output Clock Generator with Integrated 2.5 GHz VCO ADI AD9517-4 1691656 52M3002 12-Output Clock Generator with Integrated 1.6 GHz VCO ADI AD9522-3 Nil 19P8330 12 LVDS/24 CMOS Output Clock Generator with Integrated 2 GHz VCO ADI AD9522-4 Nil 34P3271 12 LVDS/24 CMOS Output Clock Generator with Integrated 2 GHz VCO Maxim MAX3673 Nil 80P4677 Low-Jitter Frequency Synthesizer with Selectable Input Reference Maxim MAX3671 Nil 05R7738 Low-Jitter Frequency Synthesizer with Selectable Input Reference TI CDCM61004 1710796 71P5317 1:4 Ultra Low Jitter Crystal-In Clock Generator TI CDCE421 1788660 24R9077 Fully Integrated Wide Range Low-Jitter Crystal Oscillator Clock Generator TI CDCL6010 1407514 34M2485 1.8V 11-Outputs Clock Multiplier, Distributor, Jitter Cleaner and Buffer TI CDCE906 1390654 06M7226 Programmable 3-PLL Clock Synthesizer / Multiplier / Divider TI CDCM7005 1407523 43K2945 High Performance, Low Phase Noise, Low Skew Clock Synchronizer that Synchronizes Ref Clock to VCXO

17. Peripheral Solution Product Type Farnell Newark Power Management click click Battery Management click click LCD Display click click Batteries click click Clock click click Isolation click click DAC click click Amplifier click click

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