The motherboard connects and allows communication between all components of a computer. It has standardized dimensions and connectors defined by form factors like ATX. Key components include the CPU socket which determines supported processors, RAM slots for memory, expansion slots for graphics and storage, and chipsets which connect the CPU to other components. The motherboard uses buses to transfer data and instructions between the CPU, memory, and input/output devices.

1. MOTHERBOARD
Presented by Rauf Asadov
Faculty Engineering

2. The Motherboard is the circuit board which serves to connect and communicate all of
the parts of a computer attached

3. Types of Motherboards
ATX form factor
ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) – is a specification used to outline Motherboard
configuration and dimensions
ATX defines the following:
1) Dimensions of Motherboard
2) Dimensions and position of Power Supply
3) Requirements for İ/O shield

4. 305mm×279-330mm
305mm×224mm 305mm×244mm 170mm×170mm

5. Power Connectors
EATX12V EATXPWR12V

6. Processor Socket
• Socket is where the CPU or processor is placed.
• The number in the names represents the number of pins
present on the backside of the CPU that connect to the
motherboard’s socket.
• Sockets determine what kind of CPU the motherboard can
support.
• Intel 6th Generation Core i7/i5/i3, Pentium, and Celeron
processors

7. Land Grid Array Pin Grid Array

8. CPU
• CPU(Central Processing Unit) – Main Chip on the
Motherboard that does calculations, and coordinates the
other motherboard components.

9. BUSes
• A bus is simply a circuit that connects one part
of the motherboard to another
• CPU is connected with other chips by own
external buses-Front Side Bus(FSB) consisting of
 DB (Data Bus)
 AB (Address Bus)
 CB (Control Bus)

10. Main
memory
I/O
bridge
Bus interface
ALU
Register file
CPU
System bus Memory bus
Typical Bus Structure Connecting
CPU and Memory

11. Memory Read Transaction (1)
• CPU places address A on the memory bus.
ALU
register file
bus interface
A 0
Ax
main memory
I/O bridge
%eax
Load operation: movl A, %eax

12. Memory Read Transaction (2)
• Main memory reads A from the memory bus,
retrieves word x, and places it on the bus.
ALU
register file
bus interface
x 0
Ax
main memory
%eax
I/O bridge
Load operation: movl A, %eax

14. Memory Read Transaction (3)
• CPU read word x from the bus and copies it into
register %eax.
x
ALU
register file
bus interface x
main memory
0
A
%eax
I/O bridge
Load operation: movl A, %eax

17. Memory Write Transaction (1)
• CPU places address A on bus. Main memory
reads it and waits for the corresponding data
word to arrive.
y
ALU
register file
bus interface
A
main memory
0
A
%eax
I/O bridge
Store operation: movl %eax, A

18. Memory Write Transaction (2)
• CPU places data word y on the bus.
y
ALU
register file
bus interface
y
main memory
0
A
%eax
I/O bridge
Store operation: movl %eax, A

19. Memory Write Transaction (3)
• Main memory read data word y from the bus and
stores it at address A.
y
ALU
register file
bus interface y
main memory
0
A
%eax
I/O bridge
Store operation: movl %eax, A

20. RAM slots
• Ram(Random Access Memory) is used to hold programs
while they are being executed, and data while it is being
processed. Ram is temporary memory meaning that
information written to ram will disappear when the
computer is turned off.
• 4 × DDR4(Double Data Rate) DIMM(Dual In-line
Memory Module) 3466(O.C) MHz support, maximum 64
GB

21. Expansion Slots
• 2 × PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect) Express
3.0/2.0 x16 slots
• 2 × PCI Express 3.0/2.0 x1 slots
• 2 × PCI slots

22. SATA
• SATA(Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is
interface standard for connecting storage devices
like Hard Drives and Optical Drives to the motherboard.
• SATA interface. Data transfers at the rate of up to 6
Gb/s

23. ROM
• Rom(Read Only Memory) – permanent memory. It
remember its contents even when the power is turned
off
• The BIOS chip contains the basic code needed to avoid
resetting of BIOS settings and system time
• 128Mb BIOS
• Since the BIOS code is stored on a memory chip that
needs constant power to function, a battery is also
present to keep the chip powered when the computer is
unplugged

24. Chip Set
• The chipset is the "glue" that connects the
microprocessor to the rest of the motherboard and
therefore to the rest of the computer. On a PC, it
consists of two basic parts -- the Northbridge and
the Southbridge. All of the various components of the
computer communicate with the CPU through the
chipset.
• This metal component is actually a heatsink, and its role
is to provide thermal protection for the Northbridge –
one of the most important components of a
motherboard.

25. Chip Set
Link
Channel
• The Northbridge is
responsible for coordinating
the data flow between the
memory, the video card and
the processor.
• Southbridge is responsible
for coordinating the data
flow between the processor
and peripherals such as
sound cards or network
cards.

27. Chip Set determines
• Type of the CPU
• Maximum RAM needed
• Frequency of FSB (Front Side Bus) MHz