The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new symmetric block cipher algorithm similar to AES but with a 200-bit block size instead of 128 bits. It compares the power consumption and strict avalanche criteria of the proposed algorithm to other AES standards. The power consumption during encryption is up to 30% lower but decryption is 20% higher. The strict avalanche criteria shows the proposed algorithm meets security levels of AES. The algorithm is described in detail including key schedule, byte substitution, shift row, mix column, and add round key transformations.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
FPGA Based Implementation of AES Encryption and Decryption with Low Power Mul...IOSRJECE
: Encryption is important to keep the confidentiality of data. There are many of encryption algorithms to ensure the data, but should be the select the algorithm depended on the fast, strong and implementation. For that choose the advance encryption standard (AES) algorithm for encryption data because speed and easy implementation on small devices and some the feature for it. In this paper, implementation of encryption and decryption of AES algorithm is presented with a High Secured Low Power Multiplexer Look-Up-Table (MLUT) based Substitution-Box (S-Box) . The main feature in the proposed MLUT based S-Box is that, it is implemented based on 256-byte to 1-byte multiplexer with a 256-byte memory instead of the conventional implementation of employing multiplication inversion in GF(28 ) and affine transformation. Thus, the proposed S-Box is simpler in circuit implementation and lower in power dissipation.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is considered as a secured algorithm. Still, some security issues lie in the S-Box and the key used. In this paper, we have tried to give focus on the security of the key used. Here, the proposed modified algorithms for the AES have been simulated and tested with different chaotic variations such as 1-D logistic chaos equation, cross chaos equation as well as combination of both. For the evaluation purpose, the CPU time has been taken as the parameter. Though the variations of AES algorithms are taking some more time as compared to the standard AES algorithm, still the variations can be taken into consideration in case of more sensitive information. As we are giving more security to
the key used for AES algorithm, our proposed algorithms are very much secured from unauthorized people.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
FPGA Based Implementation of AES Encryption and Decryption with Low Power Mul...IOSRJECE
: Encryption is important to keep the confidentiality of data. There are many of encryption algorithms to ensure the data, but should be the select the algorithm depended on the fast, strong and implementation. For that choose the advance encryption standard (AES) algorithm for encryption data because speed and easy implementation on small devices and some the feature for it. In this paper, implementation of encryption and decryption of AES algorithm is presented with a High Secured Low Power Multiplexer Look-Up-Table (MLUT) based Substitution-Box (S-Box) . The main feature in the proposed MLUT based S-Box is that, it is implemented based on 256-byte to 1-byte multiplexer with a 256-byte memory instead of the conventional implementation of employing multiplication inversion in GF(28 ) and affine transformation. Thus, the proposed S-Box is simpler in circuit implementation and lower in power dissipation.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is considered as a secured algorithm. Still, some security issues lie in the S-Box and the key used. In this paper, we have tried to give focus on the security of the key used. Here, the proposed modified algorithms for the AES have been simulated and tested with different chaotic variations such as 1-D logistic chaos equation, cross chaos equation as well as combination of both. For the evaluation purpose, the CPU time has been taken as the parameter. Though the variations of AES algorithms are taking some more time as compared to the standard AES algorithm, still the variations can be taken into consideration in case of more sensitive information. As we are giving more security to
the key used for AES algorithm, our proposed algorithms are very much secured from unauthorized people.
Microgrids are the solution to the growing demand for energy in the recent times. It has the potential to improve local reliability, reduce cost and increase penetration rates for distributed renewable energy generation. Inclusion of Renewable Energy Systems(RES) which have become the topic of discussion in the recent times due to acute energy crisis, causes the power flow in the microgrid to be bi-directional in nature. The presence of the RES in the microgrid system causes the grid to be reconfigurable. This reconfiguration might also occur due to load or utility grid connection and disconnection. Thus conventional protection strategies are not applicable to micro-grids and is hence challenging for engineers to protect the grid in a fault condition. In this paper various Minimum Spanning Tree(MST) algorithms are applied in microgrids to identify the active nodes of the current topology of the network in a heuristic approach and thereby generating a tree from the given network so that minimum number of nodes have to be disconnected from the network during fault clearance. In the paper we have chosen the IEEE-39 and IEEE-69 bus networks as our sample test systems.
Network Coding for Distributed Storage Systems(Group Meeting Talk)Jayant Apte, PhD
Reviews work of Koetter et al. and Dimakis et al.
The former provides an algebraic framework for linear network coding. The latter reduces the so called repair problem to single-source multicast network-coding problem and shows that there is a tradeoff between amount of data stored in a distributed sturage system and amount of data transfer required to repair the system if a node(hard-drive) fails.
The importance of cryptography knuckle down to the security in electronic data transmissions has gained an essential relevance during past years. Cryptography security mechanisms uses some algorithms to muddle the data into unreadable text with a key which can only be decoded/decrypted by one who has that associated key for the locked data. Cryptography techniques are of two types: Symmetric & Asymmetric. In this paper we’ve used symmetric cryptography method-Advance Encryption Standard algorithm with 200 bit block size as well as 200 bit key size. We’ve used 5*5 matrix to implement same 128 bit conventional AES algorithm for 200 bit block size. After implementing the algorithm, the proposed work is compared with 128,192 & 256 bits AES techniques in context with Encryption and Decryption Time & Throughput at both Encryption and Decryption ends.
Improving The Performance of Viterbi Decoder using Window System IJECEIAES
An efficient Viterbi decoder is introduced in this paper; it is called Viterbi decoder with window system. The simulation results, over Gaussian channels, are performed from rate 1/2, 1/3 and 2/3 joined to TCM encoder with memory in order of 2, 3. These results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the classical Viterbi by a gain of 1 dB. On the other hand, we propose a function called RSCPOLY2TRELLIS, for recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) encoder which creates the trellis structure of a recursive systematic convolutional encoder from the matrix “H”. Moreover, we present a comparison between the decoding algorithms of the TCM encoder like Viterbi soft and hard, and the variants of the MAP decoder known as BCJR or forward-backward algorithm which is very performant in decoding TCM, but depends on the size of the code, the memory, and the CPU requirements of the application.
Cryptographic Hash Function using Cellular AutomataEditor IJCATR
In this paper we make use of statistical properties of applying elementary cellular automata on a block of bits to generate a
fixed size digest of that block to use it as hash function which can be use in different cryptographic applications.
Nearest Prime Cipher for Data Confidentiality and IntegrityEswar Publications
Communication is the process of transmitting information from source to destination. The information exchanged between sender and receiver through the proper channel. The information should not be stolen by unauthorized parties like hackers while sending or receiving via channel. To avoid this stealing of the information cryptography techniques are used. The key is playing prominent role in cryptography. This paper proposes a novel method for key generation by using nearest primes. Further 2’s complement and logical operations are
used in encryption and decryption process. The final cipher text is generated by representing the intermediate cipher in matrix form and then read by column wise.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A new cryptosystem with four levels of encryption and parallel programmingcsandit
Evolution in the communication systems has changed the paradigm of human life on this planet.
The growing network facilities for the masses have converted this world to a village (or may be
even smaller entity of human accommodation) in a sense that every part of the world is
reachable for everyone in almost no time. But this fact is also not an exception for coins having
two sides. With increasing use of communication networks the various threats to the privacy,
integrity and confidentiality of the data sent over the network are also increasing, demanding
the newer and newer security measures to be implied. The ancient techniques of coded
messages are imitated in terms of new software environments under the domain of
cryptography. The cryptosystems provide a means for the secured transmission of data over an
unsecured channel by providing encoding and decoding functionalities. This paper proposes a
new cryptosystem based on four levels of encryption. The system is suitable for communication
within the trusted groups.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A review on glitch reduction techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents different techniques for reducing glitch power in digital circuits. The aim of this study is to minimize glitch power as glitch power comes under dynamic power, so that power dissipation will reduce up to some extent in digital circuits. Warren Shum et.al [2011] work shows glitch power in FPGA’s varies from 4 % to 73 % of total dynamic power having an average of 22.6 %. Warren Shum et.al [2011] and J. Lamoureux et.al [2008] motivates us to reduce glitch power in digital circuits as well as FPGA’s. Different techniques are available for reducing glitch power like gate sizing, gate freezing, multiple threshold transistors, hazard filtering, balancing path delay, by reducing switching activity etc. Keywords: Glitch, Power dissipation, Gate sizing, Gate freezing, multiple threshold transistor, Hazard filtering, balancing path delay and switching activity.
Secure E-voting System by Utilizing Homomorphic Properties of the Encryption ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The use of cryptography in the e-voting system to secure data is a must to ensure the authenticity
of the data. In contrast to common encryption algorithms, homomorphic encryption algorithms had unique
properties that can perform mathematical operations against ciphertext. This paper proposed the use of
the Paillier and Okamoto-Uchiyama algorithms as two homomorphic encryption algorithms that have the
additional properties so that it can calculate the results of voting data that has been encrypted without
having to be decrypted first. The main purpose is to avoid manipulation and data falsification during vote
tallying process by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm.
A Cryptographic Hardware Revolution in Communication Systems using Verilog HDLidescitation
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is an
advancement of Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) which is an initiated Process Standard of NIST. The
AES specifies the Rijndael algorithm, in which a symmetric
block cipher that processes fixed 128 bit data blocks using
cipher keys with different lengths of 128, 192 and 256 bits.
The earliest Rijndael algorithm had the advantage of
combining both data block sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits with
any key lengths. AES can be programmed in pure hardware
Verilog HDL, Which includes Multiplexer to enhance more
secure to Cipher text. The results indicate that the hardware
implementation proposed in this project is Decrementing
Utilization of resource and power consumption of 113 mW
than other implementation. Using FPGA lead to reliability on
source modulations. This project presents the AES algorithm
with regard to FPGA and Verilog HDL. The software used for
Simulation is ModelSim-Altera 6.3g_p1 (Quartus II 8.1).
Synthesis and implementation of the code is carried out on
Xilinx ISE 13.4 (XC6VCX240T) device is used for hardware
evaluation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
Call for paper 2012, hard copy of Certificate, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJCER, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, research and review articles, IJCER Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathematics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer review journal, indexed journal, research and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijceronline.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, Google journals, hard copy of Certificate,
journal of engineering, online Submission
Microgrids are the solution to the growing demand for energy in the recent times. It has the potential to improve local reliability, reduce cost and increase penetration rates for distributed renewable energy generation. Inclusion of Renewable Energy Systems(RES) which have become the topic of discussion in the recent times due to acute energy crisis, causes the power flow in the microgrid to be bi-directional in nature. The presence of the RES in the microgrid system causes the grid to be reconfigurable. This reconfiguration might also occur due to load or utility grid connection and disconnection. Thus conventional protection strategies are not applicable to micro-grids and is hence challenging for engineers to protect the grid in a fault condition. In this paper various Minimum Spanning Tree(MST) algorithms are applied in microgrids to identify the active nodes of the current topology of the network in a heuristic approach and thereby generating a tree from the given network so that minimum number of nodes have to be disconnected from the network during fault clearance. In the paper we have chosen the IEEE-39 and IEEE-69 bus networks as our sample test systems.
Network Coding for Distributed Storage Systems(Group Meeting Talk)Jayant Apte, PhD
Reviews work of Koetter et al. and Dimakis et al.
The former provides an algebraic framework for linear network coding. The latter reduces the so called repair problem to single-source multicast network-coding problem and shows that there is a tradeoff between amount of data stored in a distributed sturage system and amount of data transfer required to repair the system if a node(hard-drive) fails.
The importance of cryptography knuckle down to the security in electronic data transmissions has gained an essential relevance during past years. Cryptography security mechanisms uses some algorithms to muddle the data into unreadable text with a key which can only be decoded/decrypted by one who has that associated key for the locked data. Cryptography techniques are of two types: Symmetric & Asymmetric. In this paper we’ve used symmetric cryptography method-Advance Encryption Standard algorithm with 200 bit block size as well as 200 bit key size. We’ve used 5*5 matrix to implement same 128 bit conventional AES algorithm for 200 bit block size. After implementing the algorithm, the proposed work is compared with 128,192 & 256 bits AES techniques in context with Encryption and Decryption Time & Throughput at both Encryption and Decryption ends.
Improving The Performance of Viterbi Decoder using Window System IJECEIAES
An efficient Viterbi decoder is introduced in this paper; it is called Viterbi decoder with window system. The simulation results, over Gaussian channels, are performed from rate 1/2, 1/3 and 2/3 joined to TCM encoder with memory in order of 2, 3. These results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the classical Viterbi by a gain of 1 dB. On the other hand, we propose a function called RSCPOLY2TRELLIS, for recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) encoder which creates the trellis structure of a recursive systematic convolutional encoder from the matrix “H”. Moreover, we present a comparison between the decoding algorithms of the TCM encoder like Viterbi soft and hard, and the variants of the MAP decoder known as BCJR or forward-backward algorithm which is very performant in decoding TCM, but depends on the size of the code, the memory, and the CPU requirements of the application.
Cryptographic Hash Function using Cellular AutomataEditor IJCATR
In this paper we make use of statistical properties of applying elementary cellular automata on a block of bits to generate a
fixed size digest of that block to use it as hash function which can be use in different cryptographic applications.
Nearest Prime Cipher for Data Confidentiality and IntegrityEswar Publications
Communication is the process of transmitting information from source to destination. The information exchanged between sender and receiver through the proper channel. The information should not be stolen by unauthorized parties like hackers while sending or receiving via channel. To avoid this stealing of the information cryptography techniques are used. The key is playing prominent role in cryptography. This paper proposes a novel method for key generation by using nearest primes. Further 2’s complement and logical operations are
used in encryption and decryption process. The final cipher text is generated by representing the intermediate cipher in matrix form and then read by column wise.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A new cryptosystem with four levels of encryption and parallel programmingcsandit
Evolution in the communication systems has changed the paradigm of human life on this planet.
The growing network facilities for the masses have converted this world to a village (or may be
even smaller entity of human accommodation) in a sense that every part of the world is
reachable for everyone in almost no time. But this fact is also not an exception for coins having
two sides. With increasing use of communication networks the various threats to the privacy,
integrity and confidentiality of the data sent over the network are also increasing, demanding
the newer and newer security measures to be implied. The ancient techniques of coded
messages are imitated in terms of new software environments under the domain of
cryptography. The cryptosystems provide a means for the secured transmission of data over an
unsecured channel by providing encoding and decoding functionalities. This paper proposes a
new cryptosystem based on four levels of encryption. The system is suitable for communication
within the trusted groups.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A review on glitch reduction techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents different techniques for reducing glitch power in digital circuits. The aim of this study is to minimize glitch power as glitch power comes under dynamic power, so that power dissipation will reduce up to some extent in digital circuits. Warren Shum et.al [2011] work shows glitch power in FPGA’s varies from 4 % to 73 % of total dynamic power having an average of 22.6 %. Warren Shum et.al [2011] and J. Lamoureux et.al [2008] motivates us to reduce glitch power in digital circuits as well as FPGA’s. Different techniques are available for reducing glitch power like gate sizing, gate freezing, multiple threshold transistors, hazard filtering, balancing path delay, by reducing switching activity etc. Keywords: Glitch, Power dissipation, Gate sizing, Gate freezing, multiple threshold transistor, Hazard filtering, balancing path delay and switching activity.
Secure E-voting System by Utilizing Homomorphic Properties of the Encryption ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The use of cryptography in the e-voting system to secure data is a must to ensure the authenticity
of the data. In contrast to common encryption algorithms, homomorphic encryption algorithms had unique
properties that can perform mathematical operations against ciphertext. This paper proposed the use of
the Paillier and Okamoto-Uchiyama algorithms as two homomorphic encryption algorithms that have the
additional properties so that it can calculate the results of voting data that has been encrypted without
having to be decrypted first. The main purpose is to avoid manipulation and data falsification during vote
tallying process by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm.
A Cryptographic Hardware Revolution in Communication Systems using Verilog HDLidescitation
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is an
advancement of Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) which is an initiated Process Standard of NIST. The
AES specifies the Rijndael algorithm, in which a symmetric
block cipher that processes fixed 128 bit data blocks using
cipher keys with different lengths of 128, 192 and 256 bits.
The earliest Rijndael algorithm had the advantage of
combining both data block sizes of 128, 192 and 256 bits with
any key lengths. AES can be programmed in pure hardware
Verilog HDL, Which includes Multiplexer to enhance more
secure to Cipher text. The results indicate that the hardware
implementation proposed in this project is Decrementing
Utilization of resource and power consumption of 113 mW
than other implementation. Using FPGA lead to reliability on
source modulations. This project presents the AES algorithm
with regard to FPGA and Verilog HDL. The software used for
Simulation is ModelSim-Altera 6.3g_p1 (Quartus II 8.1).
Synthesis and implementation of the code is carried out on
Xilinx ISE 13.4 (XC6VCX240T) device is used for hardware
evaluation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
Call for paper 2012, hard copy of Certificate, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJCER, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, research and review articles, IJCER Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathematics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer review journal, indexed journal, research and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijceronline.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, Google journals, hard copy of Certificate,
journal of engineering, online Submission
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a specification for the encryption of electronic data also called Rijndael. The algorithm described by AES is a symmetric-key algorithm, meaning the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting the data. Hardware-based cryptography is used for authentication of users and of software updates and installations. Software implementations can generally not be used for this, as the cryptographic keys are stored in the PC memory during execution, and are vulnerable to malicious codes. Hardware-based encryption products can also vary in the level of protection they provide against brute force rewind attacks, Offline parallel attacks, or other cryptanalysis attacks. The algorithm was implemented in FPGA due to its flexibility and reconfiguration capability. A reconfigurable device is very convenient for a cryptography algorithm since it allows cheap and quick alterations. The implementation of pipelined cryptography hardware was used to improve performance in order to achieve higher throughput and greater parallelism. The AES hardware was implemented in three modules contains of the encryption, the decryption and the key expansion module.
Hardware implementation of aes encryption and decryption for low area & power...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
An Optimized Parallel Mixcolumn and Subbytes design in Lightweight Advanced E...ijceronline
This paper presents a high speed, FPGA implementation of AES Encryption and Decryption (acronym for Advance Encryption Standard, also known as Rijndael Algorithm) in which the different steps of AES is applied in a parallel manner. This implementation can reduce the latency in which the process of implementation is reduced in a drastic manner. The paper deals with a comparison of the normal implementation of steps of AES and the parallel implementation. Inorder to increase the throughput of the AES encryption process the latency of the AES process should be reduced. Among Add Round Key, Sub Bytes, Shift Rows and Mix Columns, Sub Bytes and Mix Columns produce more latency. The execution delay of Mix Columns results in 60 percent of the total latency. Therefore Parallel Mix Columns is used inorder to reduce the latency. In this the block computes one column at a time such that the four columns are executed at the same time rather than each byte executing at a time. In Parallel Sub Bytes, four columns are executed at the same time rather than each byte executing at a time, this reduces the latency. Encryption is the process of encoding information so it cannot be read by hackers. The information is encrypted using algorithms and is converted into unreadable form, called cipher text. The authorized person will decode the information using decryption algorithms. The cryptography algorithms are of three types -symmetric cryptography (using 1 key for encryption/decryption), asymmetric cryptography (using 2 different keys for encryption/decryption), and cryptographic hash functions using no keys (the key is not a separate input but is mixed with the data).
Arm recognition encryption by using aes algorithmeSAT Journals
Abstract To provide the security of the Military confidential data we use encryption algorithm which take over reward of superior encryption algorithm. The proposed implementation using encryption algorithm was implemented on ARM 7 to encrypt and decrypt the confidential data on data storage devices such as SD card or Pen drive. The main objective of proposed implementation is to provide protection for storage devices. The ARM and encryption algorithm protect the data accessibility, reliability and privacy successfully. Since (AES) Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm is widely used in an embedded system or fixed organization. These AES algorithms are used for proper designs in defense for security. Keywords: Plain text, Cipher text, Data security, AES, Embedded System.ARM, storage device.
A New Approach for Video Encryption Based on Modified AES Algorithmiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Security Analysis of AES and Enhancing its Security by Modifying S-Box with a...IJCNCJournal
Secured and opportune transmission of data alwaysis a significant feature for any organization. Robust
encryption techniques and algorithms always facilitate in augmenting secrecy, authentication and
reliability of data. At present, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) patronized by NIST is the most secure
algorithm for escalating the confidentiality of data. This paper mainly focuses on an inclusive analysis
related to the security of existing AES algorithm and aim to enhance the level security of this algorithm.
Through some modification of existing AES algorithm by XORing an additional byte with s-box value, we
have successfully increased the Time Security and Strict Avalanche Criterion. We have used random
additional key for increasing security. Since this key is random, result of security measurement sometimes
fluctuates.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
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Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineering research
1. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
Comparison of Power Consumption and Strict Avalanche Criteria at
Encryption/Decryption Side of Different AES Standards
Navraj Khatri [1], Rajeev Dhanda [2], Jagtar Singh [3]
[1] [2]
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NCCE, Israna, Panipat, INDIA
[3]
Senior Lecturer, Electronics and Communication engineering, NCCE, Israna, Panipat, INDIA
Abstract:
The selective application of technological and related procedural safeguards is an important responsibility of every
organization in providing adequate security to its electronic data systems. Now as the world is moving towards high speed
of communication (larger data rate),more secure and fast algorithms are required to keep the information secret. In the
present work, a new model is proposed and implemented, which is very similar to the conventional AES. The fundamental
difference in the AES and proposed model is in block size which has been increased from 128 bits in conventional AES to
200 bits in proposed algorithm[1-4].The proposed algorithm is giving very good randomness and hence enhances the
security in comparison to conventional AES. The performance is measured based upon Power Consumption at
Encryption/Decryption time, and Strict Avalanche Criteria of various AES Standards. In this paper, we showed the effect
in security increment through AES methodology.
Keywords: Plain text, cipher text, stream cipher, Symmetric Encryption, Computer Security.
1. Introduction:
The introduction of wireless data communication at the beginning of 20 th century resulted in an increasing interest in
cryptography due to insecure nature of Wireless medium.In this paper,symmetric block cipher algorithm is proposed
likewise Advance Encryption Standard (AES).The proposed algorithm differs from AES as it has 200 bits block size and
key size both. Number of rounds is constant and equal to ten in this algorithm.The key expansion and substitution box
generation are done in the same way as in conventional AES block cipher.AES has 10 rounds for 128-bit keys,12 rounds
for 192-bit keys, and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys[5].Section 2 describes the Our Proposed Algorithm properly.Section 3
gives the Comparison of Power Consumption at Encryption and Decryption side and Strict Avalanche Criteria of different
AES Standards. Section 4 gives the Advantages and Disadvantages of AES.Section 5 and Section 6 gives us the
Conclusion and Acknowledgement..
2. Proposed Algorithm
2.1 General Definitions
Block size and key size are the important parameters of any encryption algorithm because the level of security provided by
a cipher completely depends upon these two parameters.In our proposed encryption algorithm,we are using 200 bits block
and key size instead of 128 bit used in conventional Rijndael’salgorithm.[6-8].This increased block and key size will
improve the security level of the cipher with a negligible loss in efficiency.The original data which needs to be encrypted
will be termed as plaintext.Our encryption algorithm is a symmetric block cipher algorithm.This algorithm will operate on
fixed size blocks of plaintext to generate ciphertext.In the process of encryption, the first step is formation of data blocks
from the original plaintext.Our basic block length is 200 bits which can be shown by a 5 by 5 matrix of byte. The data
bytes are filled first in the column then in the rows.Once the data block is formed, different rounds take place to modify
data to the cipher text.
Figure 1. Making of data block from stream
2.2 The Round Transformation
There are ten rounds, and in each of the round there are series of transformations takes place except the final round.A
pseudo algorithm for each of the common round is given below and later the final round transformation algorithm is
given.The state is referred as the output of the previous transformation. Each function in the round is explained later.The
final round is equal to others when mix-column transformation is removed from general one.
Algorithm 1: (For Common Rounds)
Round(state, Round Key)
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2. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
{
ByteSub(state);
ShiftRow(state);
MixColumn(state);
AddRoundKey(state, Round Key);
}
Algorithm 2: (For Final Round)
FinalRound(state, Round Key)
{
ByteSub(state);
ShiftRow(state);
AddRoundKey(state, Round Key);
}
2.3 The Byte Sub Transform
The ByteSub transformation is a non linear byte substitution that acts on every byte of the state in isolation to produce a
new byte value using an S-box substitution table.In this transformation, each of the byte in the state matrix is replaced with
another byte as per the S-box (Substitution Box).The S-box is generated by calculating the respective reciprocal of that
byte in GF (28) and then affine transform is applied.Similarly,Inverse S-Matrix can be formed during the decryption of the
cipher text.For increasing the efficiency,we use Rijndael S-box.
Table 1. S-Box
2.4 The Shift Row Transform
For encryption, the 1st row remain unchanged, 2nd row is shifted 1 byte to the left, 3rd is 2 byte to the left, 4th is 3 byte to
the left and 5th row is shifted 4 byte to the left.For decryption the operation is similar to that for encryption but in reverse
direction.
2.5 The Mix Column Transform
(a) (b)
Figure 2. (a) Polynomial Matrix (b) Inverse Polynomial Matrix for Mix column transformation.
This is a complex procedure as it involves severely the byte multiplication under GF (2 8). The whole state is to be
multiplied with pre-defined matrix called polynomial matrix. It completely changes the scenario of the cipher even if the
all bytes look very similar. The Inverse Polynomial Matrix does exist in order to reverse the mix column transformation.
Each Column is replaced by the multiplicative value such as b(x)=c(x)*a(x), where, ‘*’ refers to multiplication under GF
(28).
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3. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
2.6 The AddRoundKey Transform
During this, the round key is simply bitwise XORed with the state came from above.The round keys are generated
similarly as in the Rijndael Algorithm of 128 bits.To inverse this state, one need to again XOR the Round Key in the state.
2.7 Key Schedule
The Round Keys are derived from the Cipher Key by means of the key schedule.This consists of two components: the Key
Expansion and the Round Key Selection.The basic principle is the following.
●The total number of Round Key bits is equal to the block length multiplied by the number of rounds plus 1.
●The Cipher Key is expanded into an Expanded Key.
3. Experiment and Result
3.1 Power Consumed
The consumed power during any encryption and decryption is also one of the parameter to check their hardware efficiency.
And hence, the consumed power is calculated for all mentioned algorithms in the following manner:
Where, represents consumed power, denotes number of CPU cycles consumed during process, denotes the input
voltage for processor,equal to 3.3V and represents the average current drawn at processor per cycle which is
approximately 48 Na.
Figure 3. Comparison of power Consumption at encryption side
Figure 4. Comparison of power Consumption at decryption side
Since the consumed power directly depends on the number of CPU cycles taken for the process, so power during
encryption and decryption is proportional to the CPU cycles, and varies in accordance. From the graph, it is observed that
number of CPU cycles taken to encrypt the block is up to 30% lesser than other conventional algorithms.However, number
of CPU cycles needed during decryption is higher and above 20% from the conventional AES algorithms.
3.2 Strict Avalanche Criteria
The strict avalanche criterion (SAC) is a generalization of the avalanche effect. It is satisfied if, whenever a single input bit
is complemented, each of the output bits changes with a 50% probability [18]. The SAC builds on the concepts of
completeness and avalanche.
where, can take values in the range [0,1], it should be interpreted as the probability of change of the j th output bit
when the ith bit in the input string is changed.
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4. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
is input word to the system and here less than 256 always.
The Security of the proposed model is examined by performing the test: Strict Avalanche Criterion and Bit Independence
Criterion. SAC tells about the probability of the bit change while the BIC states the correlation that output bit possess. Both
of the criteria are analyzed and the proposed algorithm falls within the desired level of security.
Fig Figure 5. Avalanche probability for various algorithms
From the plot, it can be seen that probability to get a bit changed for a highly correlated input, in proposed work, is very
similar to the conventional AES, which results this in a secure algorithm and validates it to be used in communication.
4. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Resistance against all known attacks.
Speed and code compactness on a wide range of platforms.
Design simplicity.
Our proposed algorithm can be implemented to run at speeds unusually fast for a block cipher on a Pentium
(Pro).There is a trade-off between table size / performance.
The round transformation is parallel by design, an important advantage in future processors and dedicated
hardware.
Limitations
The inverse cipher is less suited to be implemented on a smart card than the cipher itself: it takes more code and
cycles.
In software, the cipher and its inverse make use of different code and/or tables.
In hardware, the inverse cipher can only partially re-use the circuitry that implements the cipher.
5. Conclusion
The announcement of AES attracted concentration of cryptanalysts to measure its level of security.As mentioned earlier,
there is always a trade-off between the security and performance of wireless network. AES provides a very high level of
security in an efficient way, but it also has some flaws in terms of security and the performance[11-14].The improvement
AES must possess similar level of security as in conventional AES.The proposed model has bigger block size which is 200
bits rather than conventional 128 bits. Also, the block is made by 5 rows and 5 columns unlike the AES’s 4 rows and 4
columns.As the size of the matrix has increased, all the transformations of the AES don’t need to change except the
mixcolumn transformation. During mixcolumn transformation, the diffusion takes place in form of matrix multiplication
under finite field. Having a bigger block, hence, requires a new matrix of size 5 X 5, to enable matrix multiplication.Here
number of CPU cycles taken to encrypt the block is up to 30% lesser than other conventional algorithms.However, number
of CPU cycles needed during decryption is higher and above 20% from the conventional AES algorithms.Hence, it can be
said that the proposed model is secure and can be considered for communication where high data rate is required[20-24].
6. Acknowledgement
I proudly acknowledge my sincere and heartfelt thanks to Mr. Jagtar Singh, Senior Lecturer, N.C College of Engineering,
Panipat for their valuable and sustained guidance, constant encouragement and careful supervision during the entire course
which made the project successful.I would like to express my immense thanks to my friend Mr. Rajeev Dhanda,Associate
Professor,ECE Dept,RVIT,U.P for providing me all the help to pursue my dessirtation to its successful accomplishment.
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5. International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 4
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