The document discusses the basic components and operation of an x-ray circuit. The main circuit provides power to the x-ray tube to produce x-rays and includes a main switch, exposure switch, and timer. The filament circuit supplies power to the filament to produce electrons through thermionic emission and includes a step-down transformer. Common components are transformers to increase or decrease voltage, rectifiers to convert AC to DC, and a timer to regulate exposure duration. The number of phases in the power supply affects the ripple and efficiency of x-ray production.

1. X-RAY CIRCUITS

2. OBJECTIVES
To
 Discuss the sequences of basic x-ray circuit.
 Describe the functions of the components.
 Explain the operational of components.

5. BASIC X-RAY CIRCUIT
 The main circuit and filament circuit are combined to
form the complete basic x-ray circuit that is composed
of sequence of devices to produce x-rays.

6. X-RAY CIRCUITS
Main Circuit
PRIMARY CIRCUIT
 Main Switch: The switch that generates the power to the x-ray tube.
 Exposure Switch: A remote control device that permits current to
flow through the circuit.
 Timer: Device used to end the exposure at an accurately measured
preset time.
SECONDARY CIRCUIT – high voltage
transformers, rectification & x-ray tubes.
Filament Circuit
FILAMENT CIRCUIT – varies current sent to the filament in order to
provide the required mA value.

7. MAIN CIRCUIT
 Supplies power to the x-ray tube so that x-rays
are produced.
 Modifies incoming current to produce x-rays.
 Boost the voltage to the necessary range of x-ray production.
 Permit the radiographer to adjust technical factors.
 Incorporate appropriate circuitry to increase x- ray
production efficiency.

8. FILAMENT CIRCUIT
 Supplies power to the filament of the x-ray tube so that the
filament supplies enough electrons by thermionic emission.
 Modifies incoming line power to produce thermionic
emission from the filament wire.
 Filament circuit adjusts to mA ratings (50, 100, 200, etc.)
 After mA selection, the current is sent to step down
transformer to modify amps that reach.

9. COMMON DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY CONTROL
CONSOLE/PANEL

10. TRANSFORMERS
 Autotransformer - That contains an iron core and a single
winding or wire; is used in the x-ray circuit to provide a
small increase in voltage before the step up transformer.
 Step-up transformer - that increases voltage from primary
to the secondary coil and decreases current in the same
proportion. Has more turns in secondary than in primary
coil. Is used to increase voltage to the kilo voltage level for
x-ray production.
 Step-down transformer - that decreases voltage from
primary to the secondary coil and increases current in the
same proportion. Has more turns in the primary than in
the secondary coil. Is used in the filament portion to
increase current flow to the cathode.

11. RECTIFIERS
Two Types of Rectifiers:
1.Half Wave Rectifiers
* pass half of the
alternating electrical
current through one or
more diodes
2.Full Wave Rectifiers
* generally use four diodes
to function, changing the
entire current into a direct
current.
 A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating
current (AC) to direct current (DC).

12. Characteristics of Incoming Line Current
• Phasing
– Single-phase
– Three-phase, six pulse
– Three-phase, twelve pulse

13. Single-Phase Power
• Allows the potential of the main current to drop down
to zero with every change of the current flow.
• It has a single wave form.

14. Three-Phase Power
Has three waves of power flowing at evenly
spaced intervals from each other:
– One wave is starting before the previous wave is
depleted
– The overall Wave form never reaches zero

15. How Phases Affect Generator Output
• Single phase mode
– the voltage always drops down to zero
– 100% ripple

16. How Phases Affect Generator Output
• Three phase
– Individual voltages drop to zero but there is always an
overlap of wave pulses.
–When wave pulses are rectified, the average value never
drops to zero.
•Makes x-ray production more efficient
•Easier on the equipment

17. How Phases Affect Generator Output
Three-phase, 6-pulse
– produces a 13% voltage ripple
– voltage supply to x-ray tube never falls below 87% of
maximum value.
Three-phase, 12-pulse
– 4% voltage ripple is
produced
– value of the voltage
never falls below 96%
of maximum value.

18. TIMER
 Used to regulate the duration of the x-ray
exposure.
 Electronic timers are the most common timers used.
 They operate by charging a silicon-
controlled rectifier which triggers the exposure
 The exposure times are calculated within 0.001
seconds with only a 1msec delay.

19. THE END