This slide is for the students of class X CBSE. This will surely help them for their board examinations

1. Part - 2

2. SAWASDEE

3. Now, are you ready
for class??
Rotate your wrist
slowly-slowly in
clockwise and
anticlockwise
directions.
Find your seat
Bell Ringer
As you come in and get settled, follow these
instructions:

4. WARM UP QUESTIONS
Q1 – Atomic number of carbon is …………??

5. Q2 – How many orbits are present in carbon??

6. In this topic the students will learn about the
allotropic forms of the carbon i.e. why does carbon
exist in different forms? Why does graphite has
planner structure? Why it has a special property
among all other elements present in periodic table?

7. Core Skills
Carbon is a special element of the periodic table. It forms a
large number of compound due to its special behaviour of
catenation. Mostly organic compound which are present in
plants and animals have carbon atom as a main constituent.
According to vial force theory the organic compound were
synthesized in plant and animals only.

8. Dramatic Presentation

9. Accelerated Learning

10. Allotropy - The phenomenon in which the element exists in two
or more different physical states with similar chemical properties
and different physical properties are called allotropes and this
phenomenon is called allotropy.
Carbon has three main allotropes
*Diamond
*Graphite
*Fullerene

11. Diamond - In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to
the four other atoms of carbon forming three-dimensional
structures. It is the hardest substance and an insulator. It
is used for drilling rocks and cutting of glass. It is also used
for making jewellery.

12. Graphite - In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three
other carbon atoms. Ach carbon atom in graphite has one free
electron due to which graphite acts as a good conductor of heat and
electricity. It exists in layered form. These layers are held together by
weak vander Waal’s forces. These forces are very facile so graphite
acts as lubricant in heavy machines. It is also used in Gas-masks,
Pencils, to make electrodes of dry cells, in metallurgical processes, as
a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors, electrical contacts etc.

13. Structure of Graphite

14. Buckminster Fullerene – Fullerene are spherical in
shape or has a soccer ball like structure which is hollow
from inside. The first fullerene identified was C-60 with 60
carbon atoms arranged in a football like structure. C-60 has
20 hexagonal and 12 pentagonal rings. It was discovered by
Buckminster Fuller, hence these are also known as
Buckminster Fullerenes or Bucky Balls.

15. Structure of Fullerene

16. Differences between Diamond and Graphite
 Diamond is the hardest substance whereas graphite is very soft.
 Diamond is used for grinding and polishing of ‘hard materials
and graphite is used as a lubricant.
 Diamond has a three-dimensional rigid structure but graphite
has a hexagonal sheet layer structure.
 Diamond is a bad conductor of electricity but graphite is a very
good conductor of electricity.

17. Versatile Nature of Carbon: The existence of such a large
number of organic compounds is due to the following nature of
carbon,
 Catenation
 Tetravalency
(i)Catenation: The self-linking property of carbon atom through
covalent bonds to form long straight, branched and rings of
different sizes is called Catenation. This property is due to –

18. a.The small size of the carbon atom.
b.The great strength of the carbon-carbon bond.
c. Carbon can also form stable multiple bonds (double or triple)
with itself and with the atoms of other elements.
Straight chain

19. Branched chain

20. Rings

21. Tetravalent Nature: Carbon has valency of four. It is
capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or
some other heteroatoms with single covalent bond as well
as double or triple bond.

22. QUIZ TIME

23. Mark the correct answer –
Which of the following is used as a fuel in cars
along with petrol?
A. Methane
B. Ethane
C. Butane
D. Ethanol

24. Mark the correct answer –
Cation is formed when:
a) Atom gains electrons
b) Atom loses electrons
c) Proton is lost by the atom
d) Atom shares electrons

25. HOW WELL DID YOU LIKE THIS TOPIC?

26. ASSIGNMENT
Q1 – The element carbon forms a very large number of
compounds, why ??
Q2 – Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent
bonding?