WHO will celebrate World Health Day on April 7th, 2016 with a theme of tackling diabetes. The number of adults with diabetes has nearly quadrupled since 1980 to 422 million adults worldwide in 2014. This year's theme was chosen because diabetes is rising dramatically globally. The goals are to scale up prevention, strengthen care, and enhance surveillance of diabetes.

2. WHO will celebrate its birthday on 7 April
2016 - World Health Day
The Day provides an opportunity for individuals
in every community to get involved in activities
that can lead to better health.
 Each year a theme is selected that highlights a
priority area of public health.
. But this year, not with cake. The traditional
birthday cake will be replaced by healthier options,
like fruit, and a call to action to Tackle
Diabetes.

3. Themes of last 5 yrs:
• 2015:from farm to plate, make food safe
• 2014: Small bite, big threat
• 2013: Blood Pressure – take control
• 2012:Good health add life to years
• 2011:Antimicrobial resistance
07-Apr-15 3

5. 108
million
422
million1980
2014
Why this theme was chosen
Because diabetes is on the rise – dramatically.
The number of adults in the world with diabetes has
nearly quadrupled since 1980 to 422 million adults
 Simple lifestyle measures have been shown to be
effective in preventing or delaying the onset of
diabetes(type 2)
 The goals of WHD 2016 are (1) scale up
prevention, (2) strengthen care, and (3) enhance
surveillance.

6. What is diabetes?
It’s a heterogeneous metabolic
disorder with common feature of
chronic hyperglycaemia with
disturbance of carbohydrate
,protein and lipid metabolism .
This could be due to
Absence of insulin
Reduction of insulin
Reduced receptor ability to use
insulin Types?
There’s Type 1, Type 2, Gestational, Impaired Glucose
Tolerance (IGT) and Impaired Fasting Glycaemia (IFG).

7. Type 1 is where the pancreas doesn’t produce any insulin.
People with it need to have insulin every day. Scientists
don’t know what causes Type 1.
Type 2 is where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin
or the body’s cells don’t react to insulin.(MOST COMMON)
It is usually caused by excess body weight and physical
inactivity, because the body isn’t using insulin effectively.
Gestational diabetes is a condition some pregnant women
suffer. It’s where blood glucose levels are higher than
normal, but not high enough to make them Type 2.
It can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy
and delivery. Women with it, and their children, also have
more chance of developing Type 2.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and Impaired Fasting
Glycaemia (IFG) are intermediate conditions in the transition
between normality and Type 2 diabetes.

10. Causative risk factors
Tobacco use
Unhealthy
diets
Physical
inactivity
Harmful use
of alcohol
Non-communicablediseases
Heart disease
and stroke    
Diabetes    
Cancer
   
Chronic lung
disease 
Diagnosis-Prevention – Control
"People with diabetes can live long and
healthy lives if their disease is detected and
well-managed."
Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General

11. Diagnosis and treatment
Only high group individuals are screened.
Early diagnosis can be accomplished through relatively inexpensive
testing of blood sugar by oral glucose tolerance test.
Also urine test for glucose
Interventions that are both cost-saving and feasible in developing
countries include:
blood glucose control, particularly in type 1 diabetes. People with type 1
diabetes require insulin, people with type 2 diabetes can be treated
with oral medication, but may also require insulin;
blood pressure control; and
foot care.
Other cost saving interventions include:
•screening and treatment for retinopathy (which causes blindness);
•blood lipid control (to regulate cholesterol levels);
•screening for early signs of diabetes-related kidney disease and
treatment.

12. Primary prevention
population strategy
type 1-basis of current knowledge
type 2-elimination of environmental risk factor
•Pressing need for primordial prevention
Normal body weight
By healthy nutritional habits
Physical exercise
 high-risk strategy
• type 2-sedentary life –style ,over nutrition ,obesity
Secondary prevention
Treatment aims : Maintain blood glucose level
Maintain ideal body weight
Tertiary prevention
objective: Organize specialized clinics and units capable of
providing diagnostic and management skills of a high order

14. CLINICAL APPROACH

15. WHO response
Prevention
Ending
childhood
obesity
Fiscal
policies,
legislation
Settings-
based
approaches
Management
Clinical
guidelines
Update of
diagnostic
criteria
Diabetes
registries
Access to
essential
medicines
Monitor
availability
and price
Strategic
procurement
Review and
update WHO
EML
Surveillance
Risk factor
surveys
Country
capacity and
response
Mortality
estimates

16. WHO response
WHO aims to stimulate and support the adoption of effective measures
for the surveillance, prevention and control of diabetes and its
complications, particularly in low and middle-income countries. To this
end, WHO:
provides scientific guidelines for the prevention of major NCDs
including diabetes;
develops norms and standards for diabetes diagnosis and care;
builds awareness on the global epidemic of diabetes, marking World
Diabetes Day (14 November);
The “WHO Global report on diabetes” provides an overview of the
diabetes burden, the interventions available to prevent and manage
diabetes, and recommendations for governments, individuals, the civil
society and the private sector.
The WHO “Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health”
complements WHO's diabetes work by focusing on population-wide
approaches to promote healthy diet and regular physical activity .

17. To help prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications,
people of all ages should:
• achieve and maintain healthy body weight;
• be physically active – at least 30 minutes of regular,
moderate-intensity activity on most days;
• eat a healthy diet of 3-5 servings of fruit and
vegetables a day and reduce sugar and saturated
fats intake; and
• avoid tobacco use – smoking increases the risk of
cardiovascular disease (adults with diabetes
historically have rates of CVD 2 to 3 times higher
than those of adults without diabetes).
Preventing Diabetes by who

18. Diabetes and the global NCD agenda
2011 UN Political
Declaration on
NCDs
NCD Global
Action Plan
2013-2020
NCD Targets for
2025 – Halt the
rise in Diabetes
SDG target- One
third reduction
in premature
mortality from
NCDs (including
Diabetes)

20. Eat healthy
Be active
Follow medical advice
Beat diabetes

21. ^ World Health Day, World Health Day (April 11, 2016). "WHO". www.who.int. WHO.
Retrieved April 11, 2016.
Jump up^ World Health Organization, World Health Day 2016: Diabetes. Geneva.
Accessed 16 March 2016.
REFERENCE
References1.Huizinga MM, Rothman RL. Addressing the diabetespandemic: A comprehensive
approach. Indian J Med Res2006;124 : 481-4.2.Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King
H.Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000and projections for 2030.
Diabetes Care 2004; 27 : 1047-53.3.Sicree R, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Diabetes and impaired
glucosetolerance. In: Gan D, editor. Diabetes Atlas. InternationalDiabetes Federation. 3rd ed.
Belgium: InternationalDiabetes Federation; 2006 p. 15-103.4.Ahuja MMS. Epidemiological
studies on diabetes mellitus inIndia. In: Ahuja MMS, editor. Epidemiology of diabetes
indeveloping countries. New Delhi: Interprint; 1979 p. 29-38.5.Ramachandran A, Jali MV,
Mohan V, Snehalatha C,Viswanathan M. High prevalence of diabetes in an urbanpopulation in
south India. BMJ 1988; 297 : 587-90.6.Sridhar GR, Rao PV, Ahuja MMS. Epidemiology of
diabetesand its complications. In: RSSDI textbook of diabetesmellitus. Hyderabad: Research
Society for the Study ofDiabetes in India; 2002 p. 95-112.7.Rao PV, Ushabala P, Seshaiah V,
Ahuja MMS, Mather HM.The Eluru survey: prevalence of known diabetes in a ruralIndian
population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1989; 7 : 29-31.8.Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C,
Dharmaraj D, ViswanathanM. Prevalence of glucose intolerance in Asian Indians.Urban-rural
difference and significance of upper bodyadiposity.Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 1348-
55.9.Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Latha E, Vijay V,Viswanathan M. Rising prevalence of
NIDDM in an urbanpopulation in India. Diabetologia 1997; 40 : 232-7.10.Raman Kutty V,
Joseph A, Soman CR. High prevalence oftype 2 diabetes in an urban settlement in Kerala,
India.Ethn Health 1999;4: 231-9.