This document discusses veneers and laminates. It defines veneer as a thin decorative wood covering that can be applied to other materials. Veneers are produced through slicing and peeling logs before being graded, joined, and pressed onto sheet materials. Laminates are manufactured by bonding layers of paper soaked in resin under heat and pressure. The document outlines the different types, properties, uses, and manufacturing processes of veneers and laminates.

1. VENEERS AND LAMINATES
SUBMITTED TO :
BANKIM DAVE
AMI MERCHANT
UMANG DALAL
FURNITURE DESIGN

2. What is veneer ?
• Veneer is the finest expression of wood.
• It is a thin decorative covering of the wood
applied to any other material.
• A thin layer of wood cut from log .

3. Manufacturing of veneer
• Decorative timber veneer is generally
produced from the highest quality logs. This
means that there are no faults such as knots ,
discolouration or gum vein. It is a visual grade
rather than structural

4. Slicing and peeling
• Veneer logs are steamed or pickled to soften
their structure and are then sliced or rotary
peeled into leaves. The thickness of these
leaves generally varies from 0.80 to 3mm

5. Grading and Joining
• Veneers are next graded for quality, width
appearance and length and selected for use

6. • Bundles of veneer are next
selected for use . Much
goes into the production of
veneered panels for use in
architectural situations such
as wall and ceiling panels
• The individual leaves of
veneer are then
straightened and cut to a
consistent width on a
guillotine, before being
joined

7. Pressing
• The resulting sheets of veneer or ‘Lay ons’ are
then pressed onto sheet material. This
substrate may be MDF , Particleboard or
Plywood depending on the end use

9. Characteristics
• Recyclability & renewability:
Wood has the least impact on total energy use , greenhouse
gasses, air & water pollution, solid waste & ecological
resources use.70% less energy is required in the use of
wood compared with any other building materials.
• Sustainability:-
Using veneer extends the use of a piece of timber .The
wood that might be used in one solid piece a few visible cm
wide can cover a far greater area when used as veneer.
• Toxicity:-
Nontoxic; veneer stores carbon & also maximies the use of
harvested wood.

10. Properties
• Appearance
• Colour Permanence
• Figure
• Sound Insulation
• Fire Safety
• Moisture
• Electrical conductivity

11. Types
• Teak
• Oak
• Maple
• Sandal
• Birch
• Beech
• Ironwood
• Sapeli
• Roseheart
• Patternwood.
• No of types of trees are available types of veneers are
available.

12. • Thickness:
• 0.5 mm , 1 mm , 2 mm
• Size:
• 8’ x 4’ , 10’ x 4’ , 12’ x 4’
• Price:
• Teakwood : 120 Rs / Sq Ft
• Oak : 140 Rs / Sq Ft
• Beech Wood : 90 Rs / Sq Ft
• Maple : 70 Rs / Sq Ft
• Ironwood : 193 Rs / Sq ft

13. • Polishes:
• Mat : 70 – 80 rs / sq ft
• PU ( Poly uretheyne) : 150 – 175 rs / sq ft
• Lamination : 400 rs / sq ft
• Veneer are sticked by fevicol.
• Different effects such as smoky , weathering etc are given to
veneers.
• Black resin is used to give greyish tone ( metallic ).
• Dyed veneers are also available .
• Backing ply : 3 MM – 3.5 MM.

14. • Sapeli : 145 Rs / Sq Ft
• Pear wood : 205 Rs / Sq Ft
• Rose Heart : 170 Rs / Sq Ft
• Pattern Wood : 145 Rs / Sq Ft
• 20 Rs / Sq Ft – 800 Rs / Sq Ft

15. • VENEER MATCHING
• Veneer matching is a fine craft that, with skill, vision and experience,
truly can be a form of art. It allows people to express
• what they imagine.The possibilities of patterns that can be created
are virtually endless. Matching may be broken down
• Into three categories, each containing several sub-categories.
• 1. Matching Between Adjacent Veneer Leaves.
• Deciding between book-match, slip-match, random-match, pleasing,
and end- (or butt-) match.
• 2. Matching Within Individual Panel Faces.
• Deciding between running-match, balance-match, center balance-
match, and special matches.
• 3. Matching Between Panels (Matching Architectural Panels).
• Deciding if adjacent panels are to match, and if so, to what degree.

16. • Matching Between Adjacent Veneer Leaves
• Book Matching
• In book matching, every other piece of veneer from a flitch is
• turned over so that adjacent leaves are “opened,” like the
• pages of a book. Book matching is the most commonly used
• matching technique and may be used with plain-, quarter-, or
• rift-sliced veneers.
• Slip-Matching
• Adjoining leaves are placed (slipped out) in sequence without
• turning, resulting in all the same face sides being exposed.The
• joint may not be noticeable if grain is straight. Slip-matching is
• often used with quarter-sliced and rift-sliced veneers.

17. • Random (or Mismatch)
• Veneer leaves are placed next to each other in a random
• order and orientation, producing a “board-by-board” effect in
• many species. Degrees of contrast and variations may change
• from panel to panel.
• Pleasing Match
• Veneer leaves are matched by color similarity, not necessarily
• grain characteristics.
• End- or Butt-Matching
• This matching style is often used to extend the apparent
• length of available veneers for wall panels and long conference
• tables. Leaves are individually book- or slip-matched, first
• end-to-end and then side-to-side, alternating end and side.

18. • 2. Matching Within Individual Panel Faces
• Running Match
• Each panel face is assembled from as many leaves as
necessary.
• Any portion left over from the last leaf may be used as the
• start of the next panel. Running matches are seldom
• “sequenced and numbered” for use as adjacent panels.
• Horizontal grain “match” or sequence cannot be expected.

19. • Balance Match
• Each panel face is assembled from veneer leaves of uniform
• width. (When edge-trimmed the end leaves may be slightly
• smaller.) Panels may contain an even or odd number of leaves
• and distribution may change from panel to panel within a
• sequenced set.
• Center-Balance Match
• Each panel face is assembled of an even number of veneer
• leaves of uniform width. Thus, there is a veneer joint in the
• center of the panel, producing horizontal symmetry.

20. • Balance Match
• Each panel face is assembled from veneer leaves of uniform
• width. (When edge-trimmed the end leaves may be slightly
• smaller.) Panels may contain an even or odd number of leaves
• and distribution may change from panel to panel within a
• sequenced set.
• Center-Balance Match
• Each panel face is assembled of an even number of veneer
• leaves of uniform width. Thus, there is a veneer joint in the
• center of the panel, producing horizontal symmetry.

21. • Special Matches
• Special matches can include names such as box, diamond,
• basket weave, sunburst and reverse diamond, reverse box and
• checkerboard match. Because there are no standardized
• names for these matches, it is strongly recommended that the
• design professional include both names and drawings for the
match to be sure the desired match is achieved.

22. What is laminate ?
• A sheet of material made by bonding two or more
sheet or layers.
• It is made out of paper , at the base there is a graph
paper , in middle there is a normal paper and at top
there may be two papers Indian paper or European
paper.
• It cannot be used in exterior .
• It is affected by sunlight(color fades).

23. Process
• Firstly craft paper is kept.
• On it barrier paper is kept and the design paper is place on it.
• On it tissue paper is placed and it is transparent.
• All the paper are soaked in plastic based resins.
• Brown paper which form base are soaked in melamine resin.
• Soaked papers become hard and brittle after drying.
• Then the layers are kept in a tray and is hot pressed by
cylinder , in each tray 16–18 laminates are made.
• By hydraulic cylinders the sheets are pressed.

24. • After the laminate is made the back side is finished by sanding
belt.
• Barrier paper is used only in light laminates.
• Tissue paper is not used in metallic laminates.

26. Types
• There are mostly to types of laminates:
• A) High pressure laminates.
• B) Low pressure laminates .
• A) High pressure laminates: They are manufactured by brand
Sunmica or Formica , are hard decorative sheets that are
commonly fixed by carpenters over plywood while making
furniture.
• B) Low pressure laminates: They are only decorative paper is
soaked in Melamine resin and the laminated paper is then
directly bonded to Particle board or Fiber Board.

27. • Compact laminates : They are thicker type of laminates
having thickness ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm . These
laminates are self supporting and hence are glued to woods
or any other material. Both the top and bottom side of
compact laminates have decorative finishes.
• Metallic laminates
• Edging laminates
• Polishes : PU if possible.

28. Properties
• Strength
• Stability
• Sound insulation
• Appearance
• Can be permanently assembled by heat , pressure or
adhesives.

29. LAMINATES• THICKNESS:
• 0.6 MM
• 0.7 MM
• 0.8 MM
• 1 MM IS MOSTLY USED.
• SIZE:
• 8’*4’
• 10’*4’
• PRICE:
• ROYAL TOUCHE-1400 Rs/SHEET TO 12000Rs/SHEET.
• GREEN LAM-1300Rs/SHEET TO 11000Rs/SHEET.
• METALLIC LAMINATE -2000Rs/SHEET TO 15000Rs/SHEET.
• AIERO LAMINATE-1300Rs/SHEET TO 6000Rs/SHEET.
• EDGE LAMINATE-STARTING FROM 600,900 Rs/SHEET.

30. Uses
• High Pressure Laminates:
• Decorative:
• Furniture
• Joinery
• Structural:
• Wet area panelling
• Flooring

31. • Decorative laminates:
• Furniture and joinery
• Benchtops
• Doors
• panels

32. SUBMITTED BY
• GAJJAR DHAVAL (1414)
• GALIAWALA PRIYASHI (1416)
• JARIWALA DIPESH (1420)
• JARIWALA JINAL (1421)
• MEWADA ABHISHEK(1432)
• PATEL VIVEK (1447)
• SADIWALA KULDEEP (1448)
• SHETH SALONI(1453)