This document provides an overview of wireless body area networks (WBANs), including a definition, description of components, architecture, technologies used, advantages, applications, challenges, and security considerations. A WBAN allows integration of low-power sensor nodes on or around the human body to monitor biological functions. It has a 3-tier architecture consisting of body sensors, a personal server, and a medical server. Technologies used include ZigBee, Bluetooth Low Energy, and IEEE 802.15.4. WBANs enable various healthcare and fitness applications but also face challenges related to interference, integration, and security of medical data.

1. WIRELESS BODY AREA
NETWORK
Presented By : RAJEEV NAYAN
Registration No : 14130237
Semester : S-7
Guided By: Mrs.Jayaprabha

2. Overview
 Introduction
 Wireless Body Area Network
 What WBAN contains?
 3 Tire Architecture
 Watson
 Advantages of the WBAN
 Applications of the WBAN
 Disadvantages of WBAN
 Challenges of WBAN
 References

3. Introduction:
DEFINITION BY IEEE:
“A communication standard
Optimized for low power device for their operation
On , in and around the human body to serve a variety
of applications including medical , consumer
electronics or personal entertainment and other.”
Source: IEEE 802.15

4. Wireless Body Area Network :
 It allows the integration of intelligent, miniaturized, low power
sensor node in, on or around a human body to monitoring
body function.
 WBAN is a network around the human body.
It senses –biological, physical, chemical changes of our body
and alarms the person who wears it.
It helps in auto medication in case of emergency
It sends the information through out the world through internet.

5. Health monitoring

6.  Sensors-Biodegradable device
 Transceivers –Devices transmit and receives data.
 Processors – Master the functioning of all
components in the WBAN
 Battery- supplies power.
 WBAN consist of two types:-
1) In-body area network
2) On-body area network
WBAN contains :

7. 3 Tire Architecture :

8. • Consist of intelligent node ( sensing, sampling,
processing, and communicating) Sensor
Architecture
 Tire 1: WBAN Sensor
 Tire2: Personal server
• interface the WBAN sensor nodes through Zigbee or
Bluetooth.
• Connected with the medical server through mobile
telephone networks (2G, GPRS, 3G) or WLANs—
Internet
• Implemented regularly at cell phone.

9. • Functions of Tire 2:
1-manages the network channel sharing,
time
synchronization, and processing data.
2-Send data to MS
 Tire3-Medical server
• Functions:
1-to authenticate users
2-Save patient data into medical records
3-analyze the data .
4- recognize serious health cases in order to
contact emergency care givers .
5-forward new instruction to user.

10.  Technology Used :
1. ZigBee
• It is a high level specification used to create
personal area networks.
• An application framework to develop the complete
wireless sensor network.
• It is used in applications that require only a low data
rate, long battery life, and secure networking.
• ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 kbit/s and
operating at 2.4 GHZ.
• Due to the data-rate limitations, hinders the
widespread adoption of ZigBee for the support
of BAN applications

11. 2. IEEE 802.15.4
• It covers the physical (PHY) layer and
medium access control (MAC) layer.
• It has Low data rate and short range radio
communications that is suitable for BAN nodes
• Both of these standards were created with a
low power consumption target in mind.

12. 3. Bluetooth Low Energy
• designed as a short range wireless communication
Standard.
• Bluetooth devices connect by forming a star shaped
network topology known as a piconet.
• It operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and accesses
79 channels through a frequency hopping mechanism.
• Bluetooth Low Energy technology supports a data rate
of up to 1 Mbps.

13. 4. Other Technologies
ANT
• It is a lightweight protocol stack created for sensor
networks.
• It require ultra-low power consumption.
• It operates over the 2.4 GHz ISM band and employs
a time division multiple access (TDMA) MAC to
communicate at a data rate of 1 Mbps.
 Sensium
• It is used for on-body health monitoring
applications.

14. • It also require ultra-low power
consumption.
• It allows the creation of a wireless links
to smart phones, thus favouring health
monitoring applications at a low cost.
 Zarlink
• It has a radio transceiver chips suitable
for implantable medical devices .
• Zarlink devices have been used
successfully in the implementation of a
camera capsule.

15. Watson computer

16. Advantages of WBAN :
This technique is used in military for
security purposes
Used for the detection of chronic
diseases before hand.
It also assists the seamless
communication between individual
and machine

17. Disadvantages of WBAN :
 Wired network-restriction between the body
movement
 Interference of the multi devices that share
the channel.
 Lack of integration-sensors
 Non existent support for massive data

18. Overcoming the disadvantages of WBAN
 Micro fabrication-ruled out the discomfort
with the wired network between the sensors.
 Integration of physical sensors, embedded
microcontrollers and radio interfaces on a
single chip.
 Wireless communication or high level wireless
protocols.

19. Application of WBAN :
 In table tennis fore hand shot angle!=90
 In cricket the angle at the wrist contains some
constraints.

20.  Figures showing the medical application of WBAN.
 The particles inside the body are the biodegradable
sensors.

21. The out side equipment where women
wears to her head consists of the
transceivers, processor, batteries.

22. 16
Body Sensor Network
 Medical application
– Vital patient data
– Wireless sensors
– Link with bedside monitor
– Count on 10 – 20 sensors
 Five similar networks in range
 Minimum setup interaction
 Potentially wide application

23.  Central device is MP3 player
 Wireless headset included
 Expand functionality
-Speed, distance
-Heart rate, respiration monitor
-Temperature sensor
-Pacing information
-Location information
-Wristwatch display unit
-Etc.
 Synchronization may go faster
Fitness Monitoring

24. 18
Wearable Audio
Central device is headset
Stereo audio, microphone
Connected devices
• Cellular phone
• MP3 player, PDA
• CD audio player
• AP at home
• Hands free car
• Remote control
• Others
Requires priority mechanism

25. Remote Control & I/O Devices
 Remote control device
• Increase consumer convenience
• Makes headset control practical
• Stand-alone v/s shared function
• Combine with wristwatch display ?
 Printers
 Identification, storage
 Wireless pen
 Complement BAN functionality

26. Challenges
sensor reading should be valid.
less complex,light weight,power efficient
 Data residing on mobile should be reliable
sensor should reduce the interference
WBAN implementations should be cost optimized
 performance should be consistent.
Users require different levels of monitoring
Should not alter the normal activities
social acceptance is the key.

27. Security Requirements
 Data integrity
 Data Authentication
 Data freshness
 Secure localization
 Availability
 Secure management
 Data confidentiality
• In WBAN, data confidentiality is
considered to be the most important
issues.
• Protect the data from disclosure.
• Should not leak patient’s vital
information to external or
neighboring networks.
• To solve this security risk public-
key cryptography is too costly.

28. Future Scope
Wireless Body Area Network comprised of low
energy devices such as sensor nodes. Smart Phones
are used to store the medical data gathered by the
sensor nodes. In future these features can be
implemented in android platform and then can be
deployed in a small network of low energy sensor
nodes.

29. Conclusions
These slides include an overview of the various
Security issues in Wireless Body Area
Networking and the possible solutions to
overcome these issues. The solutions should be
efficient in such a way that the low-energy sensor
devices can be able for functioning the entire
implementation. As well as Data security and
Data confidentiality must be maintained and
unauthorized accesses should be prohibited.

30. References
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Identity based Encryption using Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Secure M2M
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[4] IEEE 5931464, Moncef Amara, Amar Siad, "ELLIPTIC CURVE
CRYPTOGRAPHY AND ITS APPLICATIONS", in 7th International Workshop on
Systems, Signal Processing and their Applications (WOSSPA), pages 247-250, 2011.