1. Europeans sought to establish colonies in America for economic and strategic reasons such as expanding their empires, pursuing wealth from trade and natural resources, and establishing a route to Asia. 2. Early European explorers like the Vikings and Columbus made mistakes in their assumptions about North America's geography that delayed further exploration and colonization for centuries. 3. Competition between European powers and new ambitions of monarchs in the 15th-16th centuries spurred renewed exploration across the Atlantic to America, with differing priorities of seeking wealth, spreading religion, and asserting territorial claims.

1. Why did Europe seek the American Colonies?

2. The First Americans What were the major differences between the Eastern Woodland Indians and the Plains Indians? What were the two major Eastern Woodland tribes? Which regions/ tribes were nomadic? What were the major crops farmed by the first Americans? Native Americans are polytheistic, what does that mean?

3. Viking Exploration Eric the Red named the area “Greenland” PR- public relations Leif Ericson settled what he called Vinland, it is now known as L’Anse aux Meadows Historical Park Why didn’t their settlements last? Hostility of Native Americans Poor lines of communication with homeland Political trouble in Scandinavia Weather

4. L’Anse Aux Meadows Picture is taken from the Canadian Historical Park

5. Why did Europe wait “500” years to explore America? The Middle Ages Why no exploration? The Renaissance What changed? The New Monarchs The Tudors of England and King Henry VII Louis XI of France Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile of Spain

6. What made exploration possible? Gutenberg’s Printing Press Nationalism “National” Taxes

7. What motivated Europe to Explore the Americas? The Northwest Passage- a route directly to China Expand Empire The 3G’s God Gold Glory France- Fur and Missionaries England- wanted to permanently settle

8. Columbus’ Mistake Wanted to voyage west across the Atlantic Ocean to China Portugal denied his venture Spain envied Portugal for reaching India by traveling around Africa. Agreed to finance Columbus’ voyage Died frustrated that he never found the “treasure” Artist is L Prang and Co. , Boston MA

9. The Columbian Exchange

10. Portugal takes the Lead and Treaty of Tordesillas Portugal Spain

11. Spain and the Conquistadors Goal was instant wealth Gold “Serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich, as all men desire to do” Encomienda system Reward was Indian village Native Americans became “enslaved”

12. Spanish Exploration of “U.S.” De Soto (1539) Florida Spent 4 years searching for Gold Coronado (1540-1542) Texas, New Mexico, Arizona Explored the Grand Canyon Cabrillo (1542) California

13. The French claim Canada for 3 reasons Northwest Passage to China Giovanna daVerrassazo Jacques Cartier St. Lawrence all the way to Montreal Samuel de Champlain Founded Quebec Pere Jacques Marquette Sieur de La Salle Settled New Orleans Louisiana is a named after King Louis XVI Fur trade Native Americans were economic partners Catholic Missionaries

14. Britain is pre-occupied

15. Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603 End religious turmoil A loyal subject Loved the Queen Supported the Church of England Hated Catholics, especially from Spain The “Sea Dogs” Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins Pirates in essence Stopped Philip II’s Armada

16. The British settle in the New Land: Roanoke Sir Walter Raleigh Founded in 1585 Renamed land Virginia Spanish Lust versus the Chaste English Settlement in Outer Banks Due to war with Spain, colony is not resupplied or returned to for 3 years

17. What happened at Roanoke? Assimilated into society Lumbee Indians of NC Prisoners of the Spanish Tried to return and died Killed by Native Americans Starved to death

18. Columbus Argument Paper Must take a stand for or against the celebration of Columbus Day Each “argument” must have a fact (cited) Citations should come from reliable research sources Include historical texts (may use book) .edu and .gov websites Must use Chicago style Include bibliography or works cited page 5 paragraph essay (1 page paper) Introduction- Thesis is your stand for or against the celebration of Columbus Day and your reasons Must be specifically stated Body of essay (3 paragraphs) Each paragraph should explain one of your reasons Conclusion