Monarchs and the enlightenment
•Download as PPT, PDF•
2 likes•49,897 views
Absolute monarchs during the 1500s-1700s believed in the divine right to rule and governed strictly, causing conflicts and unrest among the people. An example was Louis XIV of France, who spent lavishly on Versailles while the people struggled. During the Enlightenment period from the 1600s-1700s, thinkers developed new ideas about government and individual rights that challenged absolute rule, including John Locke's ideas about natural rights, Montesquieu's separation of powers, and Rousseau's concept of consent of the governed. The spread of these Enlightenment ideas led the people to increasingly question monarchal rule and fight for more freedoms, setting the stage for revolution.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
The french revolution and napoleon
The document summarizes key events of the Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Napoleon's rise to power. The Scientific Revolution involved a shift away from the geocentric view towards using observation and experimentation. The Enlightenment applied rational thinking to understand society and challenge traditional institutions. The French Revolution overthrew the monarchy and established a republic but then descended into the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Napoleon later took control of France and established himself as Emperor, building a large European empire through military conquest before eventually being defeated.
The enlightenment
The document summarizes key aspects of the Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment periods in Europe. It explains that the Scientific Revolution led to using reason and experimentation to study the natural world. During the Enlightenment, this rational approach was applied to understanding human behavior and society. Philosophes like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Smith developed ideas about natural rights, separation of powers, freedom of expression, social contracts, and laissez-faire economics that influenced the development of democratic governments. However, their radical ideas threatened the existing social and political order and faced censorship.
French revolution
The French Revolution from 1789-1799 transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. It was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. Economic troubles and poor harvests led to unrest and the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789. A National Assembly declared a constitutional monarchy but divisions grew. Radical Jacobins took power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 under Robespierre, executing thousands. The monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic formed. Napoleon later seized power in a 1799 coup, ending the Revolution.
19c early20c revolutionsinlatinamerica
This document provides information about the causes and key figures of the Latin American revolutions in the early 19th century. It discusses 4 main causes: 1) Enlightenment ideas influenced leaders like Bolivar, 2) Creole discontent over lack of political power, 3) Inspiration from the American and French Revolutions, and 4) European powers like Spain and Portugal being distracted by the Napoleonic Wars. The document outlines the roles of revolutionary leaders like Bolivar and San Martin in gaining independence for countries like Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, and more. However, ultimate unification efforts failed and new nations struggled with instability, poverty, and authoritarian rule under military dictators known as caudillos.
The enlightment
This document summarizes key figures and ideas from the Enlightenment period. It profiles scientists like Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, and Newton, who made important discoveries about astronomy, physics, and mathematics that changed views of humanity's place in the universe. Philosophers such as Locke, Rousseau, and Voltaire advocated new social contract theories and expanding individual freedoms and rights. The document also outlines several enlightened despots, including Frederick the Great, Maria Theresa, and Catherine the Great, who instituted reforms in Prussia, Austria, and Russia to modernize governments and societies.
The French Revolution: A Brief History
The French Revolution began in 1789 as the poor third estate grew angry over their lack of representation and equality compared to the first and second estates. They took an oath at a tennis court to form a national assembly and constitution. Over the next decade, violence erupted as the monarchy was overthrown and Robespierre established the Reign of Terror. The revolution installed several short-lived governments until Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799, bringing the revolution to an end. The revolution profoundly influenced ideas of democracy, equality, and the role of citizens in government across Europe.
Ancient Mayans
The ancient Mayans developed an advanced civilization in Mexico and Central America around 2600 BC. They were accomplished mathematicians, astronomers, and invented a sophisticated form of writing. Mayan cities centered around ceremonial pyramids and were important religious and political centers governed by priests. The Mayans had an advanced understanding of astronomy, mathematics, and developed accurate calendars. They also practiced human sacrifice as part of their polytheistic religion, believing it would please the gods and ensure good harvests.
22.3 the enlightenment spreads
The document discusses Baroque music during the Enlightenment period. It describes three representative composers: Antonio Vivaldi, known for works like The Four Seasons; Johann Sebastian Bach, who composed cantatas, chorales, and the piece "Jesu Joy of Man's Desiring"; and George Frederick Handel, famous for works like Messiah and the "Hallelujah Chorus". It then discusses classical music composers like Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. The document also mentions three enlightened despots: Frederick II of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine II of Russia, who implemented limited political and social reforms.
Recommended
The french revolution and napoleon
The document summarizes key events of the Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, French Revolution, and Napoleon's rise to power. The Scientific Revolution involved a shift away from the geocentric view towards using observation and experimentation. The Enlightenment applied rational thinking to understand society and challenge traditional institutions. The French Revolution overthrew the monarchy and established a republic but then descended into the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Napoleon later took control of France and established himself as Emperor, building a large European empire through military conquest before eventually being defeated.
The enlightenment
The document summarizes key aspects of the Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment periods in Europe. It explains that the Scientific Revolution led to using reason and experimentation to study the natural world. During the Enlightenment, this rational approach was applied to understanding human behavior and society. Philosophes like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Smith developed ideas about natural rights, separation of powers, freedom of expression, social contracts, and laissez-faire economics that influenced the development of democratic governments. However, their radical ideas threatened the existing social and political order and faced censorship.
French revolution
The French Revolution from 1789-1799 transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a republic. It was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution. Economic troubles and poor harvests led to unrest and the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789. A National Assembly declared a constitutional monarchy but divisions grew. Radical Jacobins took power and instituted a Reign of Terror from 1793-1794 under Robespierre, executing thousands. The monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic formed. Napoleon later seized power in a 1799 coup, ending the Revolution.
19c early20c revolutionsinlatinamerica
This document provides information about the causes and key figures of the Latin American revolutions in the early 19th century. It discusses 4 main causes: 1) Enlightenment ideas influenced leaders like Bolivar, 2) Creole discontent over lack of political power, 3) Inspiration from the American and French Revolutions, and 4) European powers like Spain and Portugal being distracted by the Napoleonic Wars. The document outlines the roles of revolutionary leaders like Bolivar and San Martin in gaining independence for countries like Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, and more. However, ultimate unification efforts failed and new nations struggled with instability, poverty, and authoritarian rule under military dictators known as caudillos.
The enlightment
This document summarizes key figures and ideas from the Enlightenment period. It profiles scientists like Galileo, Kepler, Descartes, and Newton, who made important discoveries about astronomy, physics, and mathematics that changed views of humanity's place in the universe. Philosophers such as Locke, Rousseau, and Voltaire advocated new social contract theories and expanding individual freedoms and rights. The document also outlines several enlightened despots, including Frederick the Great, Maria Theresa, and Catherine the Great, who instituted reforms in Prussia, Austria, and Russia to modernize governments and societies.
The French Revolution: A Brief History
The French Revolution began in 1789 as the poor third estate grew angry over their lack of representation and equality compared to the first and second estates. They took an oath at a tennis court to form a national assembly and constitution. Over the next decade, violence erupted as the monarchy was overthrown and Robespierre established the Reign of Terror. The revolution installed several short-lived governments until Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799, bringing the revolution to an end. The revolution profoundly influenced ideas of democracy, equality, and the role of citizens in government across Europe.
Ancient Mayans
The ancient Mayans developed an advanced civilization in Mexico and Central America around 2600 BC. They were accomplished mathematicians, astronomers, and invented a sophisticated form of writing. Mayan cities centered around ceremonial pyramids and were important religious and political centers governed by priests. The Mayans had an advanced understanding of astronomy, mathematics, and developed accurate calendars. They also practiced human sacrifice as part of their polytheistic religion, believing it would please the gods and ensure good harvests.
22.3 the enlightenment spreads
The document discusses Baroque music during the Enlightenment period. It describes three representative composers: Antonio Vivaldi, known for works like The Four Seasons; Johann Sebastian Bach, who composed cantatas, chorales, and the piece "Jesu Joy of Man's Desiring"; and George Frederick Handel, famous for works like Messiah and the "Hallelujah Chorus". It then discusses classical music composers like Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven. The document also mentions three enlightened despots: Frederick II of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine II of Russia, who implemented limited political and social reforms.
Enlightenment and the french revolution
The French Revolution was sparked by Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. The poor economic conditions and unfair system that privileged the nobility led the people to storm the Bastille prison and spark the revolution. However, divisions grew between moderate and radical factions. As the revolution progressed, it grew increasingly violent as the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI was executed. Maximilien Robespierre then instituted the Reign of Terror to consolidate radical power.
The French Revolution
The document provides an overview of the key events and causes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It discusses the unfair taxation system that burdened the third estate and led to unrest. Major developments included the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, and the abolition of feudalism. The monarchy was overthrown and a republic established, though this gave way to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Eventually, a Directory assumed power in France as the Revolution came to an end.
Industrial Revolution
1. The document discusses the Industrial Revolution in Europe from 1750 onward and analyzes factors that contributed to its onset and growth.
2. It references models by David Landes and W.W. Rostow that identify prerequisites for take-off, such as agricultural increases allowing population growth and freeing labor.
3. Science and technology, like improvements to waterwheels, cotton machinery, and Watt's steam engine, driven by scientific practices and theories, were keys to productivity growth during the take-off period.
Chapter 1 powerpt - Exploration and colonial era
1) The document provides an overview of the history of North America, West Africa, and Europe from ancient times to 1763, including early Native American societies, European exploration and colonization, and the establishment of colonies in North America.
2) Key events discussed include Columbus' voyages to the Americas in 1492, the Spanish conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires, the founding of Jamestown and other British colonies, and the development of distinct economies in the American colonies including the plantation system in the South.
3) The slave trade is also summarized, noting that Africans endured the cruel Middle Passage voyage to be enslaved in the North American colonies, while maintaining parts of their
Application of Computer in Televison Industry
This document provides information about television, including its history and technology. It discusses how John Logie Baird invented the first television and demonstrated color transmission. It describes the major types of modern televisions like CRT, LCD, plasma, and LED screens. It also discusses how computers are used in broadcasting television programming and managing TV stations through hardware and software.
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in China in 1900 led by the Righteous and Harmonious Fists secret society, also known as the Boxers, who sought to drive foreign influence from China. Angry mobs killed hundreds of foreigners during the rebellion. While the Chinese government secretly supported the Boxers, an international police force composed of troops from imperialist powers eventually crushed the rebellion. The rebellion encouraged Chinese nationalism despite its failure.
Latin American Revolutions for Independence
The document discusses Latin American independence movements in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It describes how enslaved peoples in Haiti, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, revolted and eventually declared independence in 1804. In Mexico, Father Miguel Hidalgo and José Morelos led popular revolts against Spanish rule, paving the way for Mexico's independence. Simón Bolívar led independence movements that freed many South American nations from Spanish control. While independence was achieved, the newly independent countries struggled with political instability and dependence on foreign powers.
Absolutism
This document discusses the development of absolute monarchy in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes how monarchs asserted divine right to rule and centralized power by growing bureaucracies. Religious conflicts weakened the Holy Roman Empire and led to the Peace of Westphalia, recognizing independent states. The English Civil War established constitutional monarchy with shared power between monarch and parliament. Louis XIV ruled France absolutely but weakened it financially. Conflicts between Austria and Prussia continued into the Seven Years' War. Peter the Great modernized Russia by westernizing reforms.
The Enlightenment
The document summarizes key aspects of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment period in Europe. It outlines causes of the Scientific Revolution such as trade, universities, and the Renaissance. It then lists important scientists from the era like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton. It discusses new attitudes around skepticism and rationalism that developed. It also summarizes major philosophers from this period and their ideas, including Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Hobbes, and others. Finally, it discusses some of the lasting legacies of the Enlightenment like the development of civil society and an emphasis on individual rights and democracy.
Gr 10 imperialism factors
Imperialism began in the late 1800s as European nations expanded their empires, driven by nationalism, advances in technology and industry, and beliefs of cultural and racial superiority. European powers sought to dominate weaker nations for economic and strategic reasons by controlling their resources, markets, and territories. The period saw aggressive imperial expansion by European countries in Africa, Asia, and other regions around the world.
6.2 the enlightenment in europe
During the Enlightenment period in Europe, influential thinkers used reason and their writings to challenge the status quo and advocate for political and social change. Some of the major Enlightenment thinkers discussed include Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Beccaria, Wollstonecraft, Hobbes, and Locke. They addressed issues like separation of powers, individual rights, criminal justice reform, women's rights, forms of government, and the social contract between governments and citizens.
U1. 18th century. age of enlightenment
The document provides background information on the 18th century and the Age of Enlightenment. It discusses how the 18th century marked a transition period between the modern age and contemporary age. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emerged in France and emphasized the use of reason to improve society and advance human happiness and progress. Key Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot are discussed and their major ideas summarized, such as Montesquieu's advocacy for separation of powers and Rousseau's concept of popular sovereignty. The document also examines political, economic, and social changes in Europe during this time period, including the growth of economic liberalism and liberal ideas
French Revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to various economic and social causes including high debts, an outdated feudal system, and Enlightenment ideas promoting liberty, equality and reason. The Storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 marked the start of the revolution. Key events that followed included the formation of the National Assembly, the abolition of feudal privileges, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen establishing natural rights and liberties. The revolution deeply transformed French society and government.
American Revolution
The document summarizes key events and concepts around the American Revolution, including the taxation of the 13 colonies by Britain to repay war debts, the growing anger of colonists which led to the start of the war, and the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4th 1776 which declared independence from Britain and established inalienable rights including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Age of Enlightenment
The document discusses the philosophical period known as the Enlightenment in the 18th century. During this time, science and technology advanced rapidly. Philosophers like John Locke and Thomas Hobbes applied scientific reasoning to studying government and society, believing that the use of reason could free people from ignorance and allow both individuals and society to progress. Their ideas challenging the notion that kings held all political power and presented new theories for how government and society should be organized, radically changing views of authority.
Rise and Fall of Napoleon
1. Napoleon became a general at age 24 and later took over the French government in a coup, naming himself first consul.
2. In 1804, he crowned himself Emperor of France.
3. After being defeated by an allied European force, Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena where he died in 1821.
22.2 the enlightenment in europe
The document summarizes key thinkers and ideas during the Enlightenment period in Europe. It describes Thomas Hobbes's view of strong central government and absolute monarchy. John Locke believed in natural rights and that government's power comes from the consent of the people. Other thinkers mentioned include Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Beccaria, Wollstonecraft, and Mary Shelley, along with some of their central beliefs and contributions to political philosophy and society.
Age of revolutions
The document summarizes the key causes of the American Revolution, including the French and Indian War, the Proclamation of 1763, taxation acts like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, and events like the Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party. These events increased tensions between the colonists and British and ultimately led the colonists to declare independence and start the Revolutionary War.
Age Of Absolutism
During the Age of Absolutism, several European powers centralized power around strong absolute monarchies. France was centralized under Louis XIV, known as the "Sun King", who ignored parliament and spent lavishly. Prussia became a powerful Protestant state under Frederick William and his son Frederick the Great. Austria remained strong under Catholic Hapsburg rule, led by Maria Theresa. Russia was westernized and its power centralized by Peter the Great and later Catherine the Great, though both increased serfdom. These powers vied for dominance in shifting alliances while seeking to maintain a balance of power in Europe through competition and war.
Absolute monarchs
Here are possible answers to the questions about the cartoon:
1. Louis XIV used the image of the sun as a symbol of his power.
2. He likely used the sun as a symbol because the sun is the center of our solar system - implying that Louis XIV saw himself as the center of power in France, with everything revolving around him.
3. The overall meaning of the cartoon is to portray Louis XIV as an absolute monarch who believed he ruled by divine right as God's representative on Earth. The sun symbol reinforced the idea that he, as the Sun King, was the supreme power in France.
06 Enlightenment Monarchs
The document discusses several Enlightenment monarchs and their attempts at reform based on Enlightenment ideals. It describes Catherine the Great of Russia who implemented government reforms based on Montesquieu's theories of separation of powers. Frederick the Great of Prussia introduced rational laws and reforms to education, agriculture, and the military. Joseph II of Austria centralized the government, imposed taxes equally, abolished serfdom, and established religious toleration, though he faced opposition from the Catholic Church and aristocracy. However, the document notes that the true reforms in line with Enlightenment thinking would be realized in America rather than under these monarchs.
More Related Content
What's hot
Enlightenment and the french revolution
The French Revolution was sparked by Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity. The poor economic conditions and unfair system that privileged the nobility led the people to storm the Bastille prison and spark the revolution. However, divisions grew between moderate and radical factions. As the revolution progressed, it grew increasingly violent as the monarchy was overthrown and King Louis XVI was executed. Maximilien Robespierre then instituted the Reign of Terror to consolidate radical power.
The French Revolution
The document provides an overview of the key events and causes of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1799. It discusses the unfair taxation system that burdened the third estate and led to unrest. Major developments included the storming of the Bastille, the establishment of the National Assembly, and the abolition of feudalism. The monarchy was overthrown and a republic established, though this gave way to the Reign of Terror under Robespierre. Eventually, a Directory assumed power in France as the Revolution came to an end.
Industrial Revolution
1. The document discusses the Industrial Revolution in Europe from 1750 onward and analyzes factors that contributed to its onset and growth.
2. It references models by David Landes and W.W. Rostow that identify prerequisites for take-off, such as agricultural increases allowing population growth and freeing labor.
3. Science and technology, like improvements to waterwheels, cotton machinery, and Watt's steam engine, driven by scientific practices and theories, were keys to productivity growth during the take-off period.
Chapter 1 powerpt - Exploration and colonial era
1) The document provides an overview of the history of North America, West Africa, and Europe from ancient times to 1763, including early Native American societies, European exploration and colonization, and the establishment of colonies in North America.
2) Key events discussed include Columbus' voyages to the Americas in 1492, the Spanish conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires, the founding of Jamestown and other British colonies, and the development of distinct economies in the American colonies including the plantation system in the South.
3) The slave trade is also summarized, noting that Africans endured the cruel Middle Passage voyage to be enslaved in the North American colonies, while maintaining parts of their
Application of Computer in Televison Industry
This document provides information about television, including its history and technology. It discusses how John Logie Baird invented the first television and demonstrated color transmission. It describes the major types of modern televisions like CRT, LCD, plasma, and LED screens. It also discusses how computers are used in broadcasting television programming and managing TV stations through hardware and software.
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising in China in 1900 led by the Righteous and Harmonious Fists secret society, also known as the Boxers, who sought to drive foreign influence from China. Angry mobs killed hundreds of foreigners during the rebellion. While the Chinese government secretly supported the Boxers, an international police force composed of troops from imperialist powers eventually crushed the rebellion. The rebellion encouraged Chinese nationalism despite its failure.
Latin American Revolutions for Independence
The document discusses Latin American independence movements in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It describes how enslaved peoples in Haiti, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, revolted and eventually declared independence in 1804. In Mexico, Father Miguel Hidalgo and José Morelos led popular revolts against Spanish rule, paving the way for Mexico's independence. Simón Bolívar led independence movements that freed many South American nations from Spanish control. While independence was achieved, the newly independent countries struggled with political instability and dependence on foreign powers.
Absolutism
This document discusses the development of absolute monarchy in Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries. It describes how monarchs asserted divine right to rule and centralized power by growing bureaucracies. Religious conflicts weakened the Holy Roman Empire and led to the Peace of Westphalia, recognizing independent states. The English Civil War established constitutional monarchy with shared power between monarch and parliament. Louis XIV ruled France absolutely but weakened it financially. Conflicts between Austria and Prussia continued into the Seven Years' War. Peter the Great modernized Russia by westernizing reforms.
The Enlightenment
The document summarizes key aspects of the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment period in Europe. It outlines causes of the Scientific Revolution such as trade, universities, and the Renaissance. It then lists important scientists from the era like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton. It discusses new attitudes around skepticism and rationalism that developed. It also summarizes major philosophers from this period and their ideas, including Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Hobbes, and others. Finally, it discusses some of the lasting legacies of the Enlightenment like the development of civil society and an emphasis on individual rights and democracy.
Gr 10 imperialism factors
Imperialism began in the late 1800s as European nations expanded their empires, driven by nationalism, advances in technology and industry, and beliefs of cultural and racial superiority. European powers sought to dominate weaker nations for economic and strategic reasons by controlling their resources, markets, and territories. The period saw aggressive imperial expansion by European countries in Africa, Asia, and other regions around the world.
6.2 the enlightenment in europe
During the Enlightenment period in Europe, influential thinkers used reason and their writings to challenge the status quo and advocate for political and social change. Some of the major Enlightenment thinkers discussed include Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Beccaria, Wollstonecraft, Hobbes, and Locke. They addressed issues like separation of powers, individual rights, criminal justice reform, women's rights, forms of government, and the social contract between governments and citizens.
U1. 18th century. age of enlightenment
The document provides background information on the 18th century and the Age of Enlightenment. It discusses how the 18th century marked a transition period between the modern age and contemporary age. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emerged in France and emphasized the use of reason to improve society and advance human happiness and progress. Key Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot are discussed and their major ideas summarized, such as Montesquieu's advocacy for separation of powers and Rousseau's concept of popular sovereignty. The document also examines political, economic, and social changes in Europe during this time period, including the growth of economic liberalism and liberal ideas
French Revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 due to various economic and social causes including high debts, an outdated feudal system, and Enlightenment ideas promoting liberty, equality and reason. The Storming of the Bastille on July 14th, 1789 marked the start of the revolution. Key events that followed included the formation of the National Assembly, the abolition of feudal privileges, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen establishing natural rights and liberties. The revolution deeply transformed French society and government.
American Revolution
The document summarizes key events and concepts around the American Revolution, including the taxation of the 13 colonies by Britain to repay war debts, the growing anger of colonists which led to the start of the war, and the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4th 1776 which declared independence from Britain and established inalienable rights including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Age of Enlightenment
The document discusses the philosophical period known as the Enlightenment in the 18th century. During this time, science and technology advanced rapidly. Philosophers like John Locke and Thomas Hobbes applied scientific reasoning to studying government and society, believing that the use of reason could free people from ignorance and allow both individuals and society to progress. Their ideas challenging the notion that kings held all political power and presented new theories for how government and society should be organized, radically changing views of authority.
Rise and Fall of Napoleon
1. Napoleon became a general at age 24 and later took over the French government in a coup, naming himself first consul.
2. In 1804, he crowned himself Emperor of France.
3. After being defeated by an allied European force, Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena where he died in 1821.
22.2 the enlightenment in europe
The document summarizes key thinkers and ideas during the Enlightenment period in Europe. It describes Thomas Hobbes's view of strong central government and absolute monarchy. John Locke believed in natural rights and that government's power comes from the consent of the people. Other thinkers mentioned include Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Beccaria, Wollstonecraft, and Mary Shelley, along with some of their central beliefs and contributions to political philosophy and society.
Age of revolutions
The document summarizes the key causes of the American Revolution, including the French and Indian War, the Proclamation of 1763, taxation acts like the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, and events like the Boston Massacre and Boston Tea Party. These events increased tensions between the colonists and British and ultimately led the colonists to declare independence and start the Revolutionary War.
Age Of Absolutism
During the Age of Absolutism, several European powers centralized power around strong absolute monarchies. France was centralized under Louis XIV, known as the "Sun King", who ignored parliament and spent lavishly. Prussia became a powerful Protestant state under Frederick William and his son Frederick the Great. Austria remained strong under Catholic Hapsburg rule, led by Maria Theresa. Russia was westernized and its power centralized by Peter the Great and later Catherine the Great, though both increased serfdom. These powers vied for dominance in shifting alliances while seeking to maintain a balance of power in Europe through competition and war.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Absolute monarchs
Here are possible answers to the questions about the cartoon:
1. Louis XIV used the image of the sun as a symbol of his power.
2. He likely used the sun as a symbol because the sun is the center of our solar system - implying that Louis XIV saw himself as the center of power in France, with everything revolving around him.
3. The overall meaning of the cartoon is to portray Louis XIV as an absolute monarch who believed he ruled by divine right as God's representative on Earth. The sun symbol reinforced the idea that he, as the Sun King, was the supreme power in France.
06 Enlightenment Monarchs
The document discusses several Enlightenment monarchs and their attempts at reform based on Enlightenment ideals. It describes Catherine the Great of Russia who implemented government reforms based on Montesquieu's theories of separation of powers. Frederick the Great of Prussia introduced rational laws and reforms to education, agriculture, and the military. Joseph II of Austria centralized the government, imposed taxes equally, abolished serfdom, and established religious toleration, though he faced opposition from the Catholic Church and aristocracy. However, the document notes that the true reforms in line with Enlightenment thinking would be realized in America rather than under these monarchs.
Enlightened Despotism
Enlightened despotism referred to absolute monarchs who were influenced by Enlightenment ideals like rationality and applied them to their territories. Frederick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine the Great of Russia all pursued some Enlightened policies like religious toleration, legal reforms, and economic improvements, but their reforms were limited and did not significantly curb their absolute power over subjects. Joseph II tried to centralize authority the most and extend Enlightenment thinking to the Catholic Church, but faced resistance and had to repeal some decrees.
AP Enlightened Despotism
Enlightened despots applied Enlightenment concepts like rationalization of economic structures and liberation of thought to their territories. They tended to allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and press, and private property rights. However, their reforms were often resisted and not fully implemented due to opposition from nobles. Three prominent enlightened despots discussed are Frederick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine the Great of Russia, who pursued various economic, social, and educational reforms with mixed success.
Absolute monarchy
The document summarizes the rise of absolute monarchy in Europe during the 17th century, focusing on France under King Louis XIV. It describes how the 30 Years War weakened the Habsburg dynasty and led to the Peace of Westphalia, establishing nation-states and religious tolerance. Absolute monarchs like Louis XIV claimed power derived directly from God, surrounding themselves with ministers and officials. As the "Sun King", Louis XIV ruled France for over 72 years from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign of any European monarch, establishing France as the dominant power through several major wars.
How Did The Enlightenment Philosophies Influence Modern Political Thought
The enlightenment philosophies of freedom, democracy, reason, and separation of church and state greatly influenced modern political thought. These ideas challenged traditional systems of monarchy, aristocracy, and religious authority. Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Adams, Hume, and Jefferson promoted natural rights, consent of the governed, and prioritized human reason over tradition and divine right. Their ideas shaped the American and French Revolutions and continue to underpin democratic systems today.
12 enlightened despots
Enlightened despots were absolute monarchs influenced by Enlightenment ideals like religious tolerance, freedom of speech and private property rights. They sought to reform their governments rationally and modernize areas like agriculture, manufacturing, and education. Notable enlightened despots included Catherine the Great of Russia, Gustav III of Sweden, and Charles III of Spain, who attempted to improve life in their countries. While they introduced some reforms, enlightened despots still ruled by absolute power and were reluctant to fully embrace Enlightenment changes.
Women Of The Enlightenment
During the Enlightenment, some philosophers like Montesquieu supported greater equality for women in society, though he still believed in traditional gender roles. Rousseau advocated educating women to be subordinate to men and viewed their purpose as childrearing and being pleasing to men. Mary Wollstonecraft criticized these views in her book A Vindication of the Rights of Women, arguing that women deserved equal education and were capable of reasoning. Salons run by women like Madame Geoffrin provided a socially acceptable space for women's education and participation in intellectual discussion.
Unit 2. the 18th century and the enlightenment.
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that spread through Europe in the 18th century. It challenged traditional beliefs and established new ways of thinking based on reason and science. Two key philosophers, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, developed opposing views on government and human nature that influenced Enlightenment thinking. Later, French philosophes like Voltaire and Montesquieu advocated for applying reason to all aspects of society and government. Montesquieu's theory of separating government powers into branches became an important concept.
Eurpean Exploration And Empire Building
1) In the 1400s, European countries began extensively exploring the world in search of wealth and resources, expanding their knowledge and control.
2) Portugal was a leader in exploration, sending voyages down the west African coast and around the tip of Africa, opening the way for later colonization.
3) Spain, England, and France also engaged in exploration and established colonies in the Americas in the 1400s-1500s, with Spain forming a huge empire spanning North and South America and the Caribbean.
Enlightenment Thinkers
The document discusses several Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas about government:
- Thomas Hobbes believed people were naturally wicked and that a strong sovereign authority was needed to enforce laws and maintain order. He advocated for absolute power to the sovereign through a social contract.
- John Locke believed in natural rights but agreed people were brutish in the state of nature. He favored a representative government and believed the social contract was between the people and the king, allowing revolt if rights were violated.
- Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of powers that became the basis for the US Constitution. He opposed absolute monarchy and favored the English system of government.
Enlightenment Thinkers Walkaround
The document discusses several influential thinkers of the Enlightenment period including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Adam Smith, Denis Diderot, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft. It provides each thinker's country of origin, their key ideas, and major works that helped spread Enlightenment philosophies such as natural rights, popular sovereignty, and equality.
Achievements of the Americas
I do not have personal preferences or opinions. I am an AI assistant created by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest.
French kings
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign in European history. He centralized power and established absolute monarchy. Louis XV ruled from 1715 to 1774, during which France lost power and influence. Louis XVI ruled from 1774 until 1792 when the French Revolution erupted. He was suspended from power in 1792 and executed by guillotine in 1793 during the height of the Revolution.
Chapter22
The document summarizes key events and developments during the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment era from 1550-1789:
1) Scientists like Copernicus, Galileo and Newton revolutionized scientific thinking by developing theories like heliocentrism and the laws of gravity based on empirical evidence and experimentation, challenging the dominant religious orthodoxies.
2) Enlightenment philosophers like Voltaire, Locke, and Rousseau popularized ideas of reason, individual rights, and religious tolerance which spread new secular thinking across Europe.
3) These ideas influenced the American Revolution, with colonists drawing on Enlightenment principles of natural rights and consent of the governed in the Declaration of Independence to declare
The glorious revolution ppt
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 saw William of Orange defeat King James II of England and assume the throne. The conflict was rooted in a longstanding family feud between the Protestant supporters of Parliament and the absolute rule of Catholic monarchs like James II. When James II had a Catholic son and heir, it threatened Protestant rule, so William of Orange invaded with support from English nobles and people dissatisfied with James' policies. James fled to France, and William and Mary became the joint monarchs, legitimized by Parliament and beginning a new constitutional monarchy with the Declaration of Rights limiting royal power.
Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideas
The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century where philosophers used reason to understand human problems and nature. They believed reason could solve problems and improve lives. Enlightenment ideals fueled the American and French Revolutions by promoting ideas like natural rights, consent of the governed, and limited government. Major Enlightenment philosophers included Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and later Adam Smith and Mary Wollstonecraft. Some monarchs also adopted Enlightenment ideals by becoming more tolerant and just rulers.
17.3 - Luther Starts The Reformation
The document provides background on the Protestant Reformation that began in the 16th century. It discusses several factors that weakened the authority of the Catholic Church and paved the way for Martin Luther to post his 95 Theses criticizing the sale of indulgences in 1517. This sparked the wider Reformation movement in Germany and other parts of Europe. King Henry VIII later broke England away from the Catholic Church to allow for his divorce and establish himself as the head of the Church of England. The Reformation had political as well as religious impacts across Europe.
Glorious revolution 1688
The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688 and resulted in the exile of King James II and the ascension of William of Orange and Mary Stuart to the throne. King Charles I had faced problems with Parliament over religion that led to his imprisonment and execution. His son Charles II restored the monarchy but tensions rose again under Catholic King James II, who replaced Protestants with Catholics in government. In response, seven leaders invited William and Mary to invade England, which James fled upon their arrival, making William and Mary the new monarchs in a bloodless revolution.
The glorious revolution
The Glorious Revolution occurred in 1688-1689 in the British Isles and involved English, Welsh, and Scottish society. It was sparked by King James II issuing declarations that suspended penal laws and allowed freedom of religion without the consent of Parliament, violating the increasingly held belief that the monarch's power was limited. A group of Protestant nobles invited the Dutch Prince William of Orange to invade England with an army. William and Mary then took the throne, and in 1689 the English Bill of Rights was passed, establishing that the monarch cannot govern without Parliament's consent, limiting the monarch's power.
Viewers also liked (20)
How Did The Enlightenment Philosophies Influence Modern Political Thought
How Did The Enlightenment Philosophies Influence Modern Political Thought
Similar to Monarchs and the enlightenment
Unit 11 lesson 1
Absolute monarchs during the 1500s-1700s believed in the divine right to rule and governed strictly. Louis XIV of France spent lavishly while many of his people struggled. In response, Enlightenment thinkers developed new ideas about government such as natural rights, separation of powers, and consent of the governed. These ideas spread and led people to criticize absolute monarchs more and more, questioning their way of life and eventually fighting for political revolution and change.
Ideas Of Change
The document discusses how Enlightenment ideas from Europe impacted the English colonies in the 1700s. Enlightenment philosophers applied logic and reason to understand society, government, and the universe. Thinkers like Hobbes, Locke, Voltaire, and Montesquieu influenced revolutionary ideas by developing theories like social contract and separation of church and state. Their ideas questioning absolute rule and emphasizing natural rights and consent of the governed helped shape colonial political thought.
The age of enlightenment powerpoint
The document discusses the key ideas and figures of the Enlightenment period in Europe. It began in the 1600s as educated Europeans started using reason and logic rather than tradition to understand the world. Thinkers known as philosophes gathered in informal salons to discuss new ideas. Major Enlightenment thinkers included Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Francois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire), and influential women like Olympe de Gouges and Abigail Adams who advocated for women's rights. These philosophers questioned authority and traditions in fields like religion, government, and society and advocated for rational and scientific thought.
Enlightenment 2012-2013
The Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century when science and reason led to changes in philosophy and thinking. Enlightenment philosophers like Hobbes, Locke, and the philosophes used reason to analyze society and politics. Their ideas influenced governments and helped spark revolutions like the American Revolution.
Why have a revolution power point
During the Enlightenment period in the 1600s-1700s, people began to question traditional sources of authority like religion and hereditary monarchy. Philosophers like Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau proposed new democratic ideas about government, believing power should come from the people rather than divine right of kings. Their ideas spread and influenced groups like the American colonists, who revolted against Britain to establish one of the first modern democracies. Revolutions have driven many transformations throughout history by allowing people to challenge unfair systems and fight for greater freedoms.
Influence on Government
This document discusses several Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas, including John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Adam Smith. It focuses on their ideas about government, including natural rights, separation of powers, social contract theory, and laissez-faire economics. The objective is to explain the effect of Enlightenment ideas on society and government, such as increased calls for democracy, reforms to education and government, and questioning the divine right of kings to rule.
History notes 1
The document discusses several political revolutions and influential thinkers that helped establish concepts of individual rights and limitations on governmental power: the Magna Carta established legal limits on a king's authority in 1215 in England; the Glorious Revolution of 1688 established parliament's power over the monarchy; the Enlightenment period of the 1700s saw philosophers like Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, and Jefferson promote ideas of natural rights, separation of powers, social contracts, and democracy that influenced revolutions and the founding of the United States.
Enlightenment
1. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that changed people's views on the world, challenging the power of the Church and forming the foundations of modern science.
2. Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau influenced the American Founding Fathers and shaped the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.
3. Core Enlightenment ideas like natural rights, social contract theory, and separation of powers can be seen in the founding documents and principles of the United States.
Revolutions keynote history
The document discusses several important historical documents and figures from the Enlightenment period that helped shift power away from monarchs and establish concepts of individual rights and consent of the governed, including:
- Magna Carta (1215) - Limited the power of the English monarch and preserved legal rights for free men. Established the basic idea that a ruler is subject to rule of law.
- Glorious Revolution (1688) - William of Orange took the English throne, further reducing monarch power established by Magna Carta.
- English Bill of Rights (1689) - Addressed the king's dispensation and suspension of laws without parliamentary consent.
- Enlightenment thinkers like Montes
Revolutions vocab
The document summarizes key figures and events in revolutions and the development of political rights and systems of government, including: the Magna Carta which limited monarchal power in 1215; the Glorious Revolution which established the English Bill of Rights in 1689 giving power to Parliament; the Enlightenment period in the 18th century which emphasized reason and science; and influential thinkers such as Montesquieu who developed the idea of separation of powers, John Locke who believed in natural rights, Rousseau who wrote about political rights, and Thomas Jefferson who helped draft the Declaration of Independence.
Age of enlightenment powerpoint
Eighteenth Century France
What was the Enlightenment?
Ideas that originated during the Enlightenment
WHAT EVENTS WERE CATALYSTS FOR THE ENLIGHTENMENT?
OTHER CAUSES OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
The Scientific Revolution (16th and 17th century)
Bacon’s Scientific Method
Isaac Newton
18th century Enlightenment – The Age of Reason
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
The revolutions
The document discusses several important revolutions and documents that curbed the power of monarchs and influenced ideas of government:
- The Magna Carta established rights for people in 1215 and established the rule of law that the king had to follow.
- The Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights further limited the power of monarchs and finished establishing the idea of constitutional monarchy.
- Thinkers of the Enlightenment like Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, and Jefferson influenced ideas of separating powers and establishing principles of natural rights and social contracts.
2.2 project for history
The document discusses several important events and thinkers that influenced the development of limited government and individual rights:
- Magna Carta (1215) limited the power of English monarchs and established the principle of rule of law.
- The Glorious Revolution (1688) saw William of Orange replace the English king and the passage of the English Bill of Rights, which further curbed royal power and increased rights of citizens.
- Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, and Jefferson promoted ideas like separation of powers, natural rights, social contract theory, and democracy that challenged absolute rule and shaped the American Revolution.
Philosophes
The document discusses the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers in 18th century Europe. It describes the Philosophes as intellectuals who applied reason to politics, economics, science, and social issues. It profiles several influential thinkers, including Thomas Locke who believed in natural rights, Voltaire who advocated for religious freedom and criticized the Catholic Church, Jean-Jacques Rousseau who felt the king was not properly representing citizens, and Baron de Montesquieu who proposed separating and balancing governmental powers.
An Age of Enlightenment.pdf
The document discusses the Enlightenment as an age that followed the Scientific Revolution in which philosophers applied scientific reasoning to social and political issues. Key Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau developed social contract theories and advocated for natural rights, separation of powers, and popular sovereignty to challenge absolute rule and establish more democratic forms of government. The Enlightenment spread new ideas through the growing literate public and influenced revolutions in America, France, and beyond.
Northern renaissance (10)
The document summarizes key revolutions and documents in English history including the Magna Carta, Glorious Revolution, English Bill of Rights, as well as influential thinkers during the Enlightenment like Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau, and Jefferson. The Magna Carta limited the power of kings and required their approval for taxation. The Glorious Revolution established the Bill of Rights which gave rights to English people and limited the power of kings. During the Enlightenment period, thinkers developed ideas about natural rights and separation of powers that influenced revolutions.
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in 18th century Europe that promoted reason, science, and individualism over tradition. Key figures like Locke, Montesquieu, and Voltaire advocated using reason and science to critically examine religion, government, and society. Enlightenment thinkers believed that people could improve society using rational thought. Their ideas influenced governments and revolutions in both America and France.
Enlightenment updated 2010.key
The document summarizes key figures of the Enlightenment and their beliefs. Thomas Hobbes believed humans were inherently evil and required an absolute monarch to maintain order, while John Locke believed all humans were born equal with natural rights and that government's authority comes from the people. Baron de Montesquieu advocated for separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire and Rousseau influenced revolutions across Europe and the Americas in the late 18th century.
Enlightment and the war of independence
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that promoted the use of reason and science to reform society. Enlightenment thinkers criticized the stratified social structure and advocated for equality, liberty, and secularism. Some of their ideas spread through newspapers and salons but also faced resistance in Spain. This led to changes including the evolution of modern science from medieval science based on empiricism. The bourgeoisie grew wealthy but lacked political power, contributing to discontent and the French Revolution. Enlightened despots introduced social reforms but maintained absolute rule, failing to fully implement Enlightenment ideals. One victory was the American Revolution as the colonies gained independence after protesting taxation without representation.
Chapter 7 – 11 Review Power Point by Emma Hernandez
1) The document provides a historical overview of major developments from the Scientific Revolution through the early 19th century, including the rise of scientific thought, Enlightenment philosophy, the American and French Revolutions, and the Industrial Revolution.
2) Key figures discussed include Copernicus, Galileo, Descartes, Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, and leaders of Enlightened Despotism such as Catherine the Great and Joseph II.
3) By the late 18th century, the French and British governments faced debt and unrest over taxation, contributing to the American and French Revolutions.
Similar to Monarchs and the enlightenment (20)
Chapter 7 – 11 Review Power Point by Emma Hernandez
Chapter 7 – 11 Review Power Point by Emma Hernandez
More from Kelly Milkowich
Propaganda in a political campaign
This document outlines several propaganda techniques commonly used in political campaigns, including bandwagon appeals, name-calling, endorsements, glittering generalities, stacked cards, portraying candidates as "just plain folks", and symbol transfers. It provides examples for each technique to illustrate how candidates may employ misleading or emotionally charged messaging to influence voter opinions.
Why vote
This document summarizes key information about voting in the United States. To vote, one must be 18 years old, a US citizen, and a resident of their state. People can register to vote by mailing in a form, visiting their Board of Elections office, or signing up at other designated locations like the DMV. On election day, voters go to their designated polling place in their precinct, such as a school or community center, to cast their ballot. Ballots are counted locally and results are reported up to state and national levels. Factors that can influence voters include family, friends, media, and political party affiliation, though split-ticket voting is allowed in general elections.
State and local government
This document provides an overview of state and local government in North Carolina. It describes the legislative, executive, and judicial branches at the state level. It also discusses local laws, sheriffs, annexation, zoning, important court cases around education funding and slavery, and how state and local governments are structured and their powers. Key topics covered include the role of the governor, general assembly, city councils, differences between state and local laws, and the powers and duties of sheriffs.
Why have interest groups
This document discusses interest groups and provides examples. It defines interest groups as groups of people who share a common viewpoint and work together to influence public opinion and government policy on issues they care about. It explains that interest groups try to sway lawmakers by forming PACs to donate to campaigns, lobbying elected officials, and providing research. It then gives brief overviews of several major US interest groups like NOW, NRA, NAACP, ACLU, focusing on one or two key issues and policies each group supports or opposes.
Federalist v. democratic republican parties
Political differences emerged between Hamilton and the Federalists and Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans. The Federalists supported a strong federal government with loose interpretation of the Constitution and implied powers, while the Democratic-Republicans favored states' rights with strict interpretation. The Federalists appealed to merchants and cities and supported policies like the national bank, excise taxes, and national debt. Meanwhile, the Democratic-Republicans appealed to farmers and the South/West and opposed those policies instead favoring lower tariffs and states paying their own debts. Both parties also differed on foreign relations, with the Federalists favoring Britain and Democratic-Republicans supporting the French Revolution.
Wh cr cold war notes
The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1990 and was a period of tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. Their differing goals of self-determination versus security and capitalism versus communism led to the development of spheres of influence in Eastern Europe and satellite states controlled by the Soviet Union. This began an arms race and conflicts like the Korean War as the two superpowers sought to contain the spread of the other's ideology and strengthen their own political and economic systems. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 brought the Cold War to its closest point to potential nuclear war.
Ancient china notes
Ancient China was first unified in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. The geography was defined by the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers where most people settled, as well as the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts and Himalayan Mountains. The economy was based on trading goods like silk, salt, and iron along the Silk Road. Society was stratified between wealthy nobles who lived in palaces and poor farmers who lived in huts. Women had few rights and were subject to practices like foot binding. Ancient Chinese practiced religions like Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism and believed in the concepts of yin and yang. China was ruled by dynasties led by different families until a new
Ap gov review ppt
The document provides information about the US judiciary system through a series of multiple choice questions and explanations. It covers topics like the Supreme Court's jurisdiction, nomination process, criteria for accepting cases, amicus briefs, and the relative levels of activism of different Chief Justices. The Warren Court is identified as the most activist in expanding civil rights, while the Rehnquist Court advocated more judicial restraint. Critics of each approach favor courts that align with their views on the judiciary's role in policymaking.
14th amendment
The 14th Amendment established that all people born in the US are citizens and entitled to equal protection under the law. However, several Supreme Court cases interpreted it in a way that allowed for legal segregation, such as Plessy v. Ferguson which established the "separate but equal" doctrine. It wasn't until Brown v. Board of Education overturned this decision that schools were integrated. Later civil rights legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination in public places and further expanded equal protection.
Congressional committees
Congressional committees in the House and Senate divide up work and decide which bills move forward. There are four types of committees: standing committees that specialize in topics and are permanent; select committees that study specific temporary issues; joint committees with members from both chambers that conduct studies but not legislation; and conference committees that resolve differences between versions of the same bill passed by each chamber. Committee chairs make key decisions and assignments within limits, and members can request placement on certain committees.
Interest groups and public opinion
Interest groups are organizations that share common goals and organize to influence government policy on issues important to their members. They spend significant money and effort lobbying government officials to support beneficial bills and policies. Unlike political parties, interest groups focus on a few specific issues rather than taking ideological stances and trying to gain a wide range of members. They use methods like letter writing campaigns, media outreach, and political donations to inform the public and officials about their issues and sway decisions.
New england colonies
The document discusses the history and development of the New England colonies, including:
- The four original New England colonies were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
- Many early settlers were religious dissenters like the Pilgrims and Puritans who faced persecution in England for their beliefs.
- The Pilgrims established the Plymouth colony with the Mayflower Compact to govern themselves. Their survival was aided by the Native American Squanto.
- The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay colony, seeking to purify the Anglican church and establish a "city on a hill" as an example. Their communities were tightly-knit and emphasized religious conformity.
Remediation pp
The Great Depression began after the 1929 stock market crash under President Herbert Hoover. A combination of overfarming and drought caused the Dust Bowl, which devastated American agriculture. The Depression destroyed many once prosperous businesses and communities, leaving abandoned restaurants and banks failing due to lack of trading. Families struggled to survive as they waited in bread lines for food and many people moved around the country seeking work with incredibly low wages or unemployment. Shantytowns known as Hoovervilles developed as families could no longer maintain their property. Both Hoover and FDR served as president during the Depression, which brought poverty even to prosperous cities and left families unable to pay medical bills if they became ill. The entertainment industry was one of the only prosperous sectors,
Renaissance inventions pp
The document summarizes several important inventions from the Renaissance period, including clocks, the printing press, eyeglasses, the telescope, musket, flushable toilet, thermometer, submarine, and matches. These inventions led to advances such as more accurate timekeeping, cheaper and more widespread publishing of books, and new tools like the microscope and telescope that improved vision and scientific understanding.
Contributions of the islamic empire
The Islamic Empire made many contributions to architecture, art, science, and more. Mosques were important centers of worship, often converted from Christian churches. Calligraphy was considered the highest art form and adorned many structures. Medicine pioneered practices like diagnosis, treatment and hospitals. Astronomy accurately mapped the stars and calculated the Earth's atmosphere. Mathematics introduced concepts like algorithms, trigonometry and algebra to Europe. Overall, the Empire advanced many fields.
Greek trade in the agora
Barley was used to make porridge and flour for bread. Olives provided olive oil for cooking and lamps. Grapes were made into wine by mixing one part wine with two parts water or drying into raisins. Blacksmiths used bronze and later iron to make tools like swords, plows and axes. Woodworkers crafted beds, plows and door frames. Fishermen sold their daily catches at the agora, with poor Greeks eating small fish and wealthy Greeks preferring tuna, sea bass and red mullet. Eel was a delicacy. Marble quarrying involved drilling holes, inserting wooden wedges, soaking the wood to make it expand and break the rock along a straight line.
Why did europe seek the american colonies
1. Europeans sought to establish colonies in America for economic and strategic reasons such as expanding their empires, pursuing wealth from trade and natural resources, and establishing a route to Asia.
2. Early European explorers like the Vikings and Columbus made mistakes in their assumptions about North America's geography that delayed further exploration and colonization for centuries.
3. Competition between European powers and new ambitions of monarchs in the 15th-16th centuries spurred renewed exploration across the Atlantic to America, with differing priorities of seeking wealth, spreading religion, and asserting territorial claims.
Who were the first americans
The document summarizes the different indigenous peoples and cultures that inhabited North America prior to European colonization. It describes the five major regions - Eastern Woodlands, Great Plains, Great Basin, Southwest, and Mesoamerica. Within each region several tribes are named and some of their distinguishing cultural traits are outlined, such as housing structures, religious practices, methods of hunting and farming, and crafts. The document suggests examining how Native American culture continues to influence modern society and preparing to discuss the impact of European arrival on indigenous populations.
How did the first americans get here
The first Americans migrated to North America across a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska during the last ice age, when sea levels were lower due to large glaciers. As the climate warmed, the glaciers receded and sea levels rose, separating Siberia and Alaska. The ancestors of Native American tribes populated North America by following large mammal herds and living as nomadic hunter-gatherers. Archaeological evidence such as fluted stone projectile points and animal fossils provide information about these early Paleo-Indian cultures.
More from Kelly Milkowich (20)
Recently uploaded
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdBeyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Recently uploaded (20)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Monarchs and the enlightenment
- 1. ABSOLUTE MONARCHS AND THE PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT
- 2. 1500s-1700s What were ABSOLUTE MONARCHS? •Monarchs were kings. •Absolute monarchs were the kings who believed in the idea of DIVINE RIGHT. •Divine right is the idea that GOD put them on the earth to rule •They ruled strictly and typically got into conflicts with one another •Because of the way these monarchs treated the people they ruled, many started to get the idea for REVOLUTION
- 3. A great example of an Absolute Monarchs would Louis XIV from France. He spent enormous amounts of money
- 4. Lavish spending on Palace of Versailles
- 5. Interior of the Palace was done in crystal and gold
- 6. Versailles Fountains made of copper
- 7. The Kings lived extravagantly while many of their people scraped for food
- 8. Eventually, people began to develop new ideas….…. This time of new ideas was known as the ENLIGHTENMENT or Age of Reason. 1600s-1700s New ideas on how government should be run.
- 9. THE ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS AND THEIR NEW IDEAS Most people had ideas like THOMAS HOBBES. He believed in the DIVINE RIGHT of Kings. However…different men had new ideas!
- 10. JOHN LOCKE Believed that all people had 3 natural rights to LIFE, LIBERTY, PROPERTY He said it was the duty of the government to protect these rights
- 11. VOLTAIRE Believed in freedom of speech so people could express their opinions about the government He also believed in freedom of religion, so people could worship God in the way they choose
- 12. MONTESQUIEU Believed that government should be separated into 3 branches The 3 branches of government, Montesquieu said, would help keep the government from becoming too powerful Checks and balances—each branch would check the others to make sure one does not abuse its power.
- 13. MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT Advocated rights for women
- 14. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU Believed in the concept of “Consent of the Governed”, meaning that people should agree to the rules that they follow by voting He believed the having an absolute monarchy prevented people from having true freedom.
- 15. Effects of Enlightenment ideas on the Monarchy Ideas spread through England and France Kings were criticized more and more People began questioning the way of life under Kings New Ideas + Absolute Monarchs = REVOLUTION The people began to fight for their freedoms and wanted a CHANGE in their government