Standard 1 Presentation

1. THE FOUNDING OF THE 13
COLONIES
Why did Europeans establish settlements in the NewWorld?
Unit 1

2. Reasons for settling
 Protestant Reformation
- Martin Luther
- King James/ Anglican
Church
 Economy in England
- Joint Stock companies
(merchants who issued
stock to raise funds) were
formed to set up colonies
 Rivalries with other
countries (Spain)

3. 1st Permanent English Colony
 Roanoke (Va, 1587)- settlers mysteriously
disappeared (failed)
 Jamestown (Va,1607) -104 settlers
- most came to find riches (gold, silver)
- did not know how to live in woods, hunt, or fish
 Traded with Powhatans, but when more settlers
came food became scarce.
 Settlers raided food stores, so the natives stop
trading and began attacking the settlers.
- “starving time” winter 1609-1610- out of 400
settlers, only 60 survived

4. Captain John Smith
 Leader of Jamestown
 Became friendly with
Powhatan Confed. and
began bartering.
 Instituted strict laws
- “he that does not
work shall not eat”
 Resulted in fewer
deaths

5. Virginia’s Government
 Headrights- settlers who
paid to settle, and received
at least 50 acres of land to
farm
 1622- angry natives
attacked Jamestown,
killing 350 settlers- caused
Va to lose its charter,
became a Royal Colony
 1618-VA colonists elected
lawmaking body.
 “House of Burgesses”
made up of:
- Governor
- 6 councilors
- 20 reps (2 from each
town)

6. Economy of Jamestown
 Tobacco became the cash crop for the colony.
 John Rolfe brought seeds fromTrinidad and
harvested in a different way. The new
tobacco sold quickly and soon large amounts
were planted.
 1619- first Africans were shipped toVirginia
as “Christian servants” (not slaves!)
 Soon only enslaved Africans were brought

7. Tensions in the colony
 1660s- gov’t run by
wealthy planters (no
land=no vote)
 1675-76- Nathaniel
Bacon led 1000 men
against Gov Berkeley and
natives.
 Berkeley raised army
caused civil war
 Bacon died during
conflict, and Berkeley
regained power.

8. Results of Bacon’s Rebellion
 Va supported expanding
westward (into
backcountry)
 Planters started turning
to slaves for labor.
- never be given own
land
- fewer indentured
servants
- became easier to get
slaves

9. Founding of New England
Massachusetts Bay Colony
 Puritans (people who wanted to purify the
Anglican Church) came to America.
 1620- Sailed on the Mayflower and landed in
Plymouth, near Mass. Bay
 Plague swept through the colony, only about
50 survived, thanks to aWampanoag native,
Squanto
 The next Fall, they celebrated by having
Thanksgiving

10. Mass. Bay cont’d
 JohnWinthrop held stock in Mass. Bay Company
(MBC) and received a charter from King Charles to
est. the colony.
 He became the 1st Governor.
 He used it as a refuge for Puritans (1643- 20,000
settlers in Mass)
 The Halfway Covenant allowed people to join the
church without making a public statement, however
they were not allowed to vote in assemblies
 SalemWitchTrials reflected social change- came
from fear of new lifestyle or aimed at women who
did not fit the “Puritan lifestyle”

11. Government
 General Court was made
up of people who owned
stock in MBC or “freemen”
 The court became a
representative body when
they found outWinthrop
violated charter.
 They then elected deputies
from each town.
 Local townsmen discussed
problems at town
meetings, eventually set
up local government, only
landowners can vote

12. Mass Govt
 Mass required all
colonists to attend
church, collect taxes to
support it, and
regulated behavior
 Different religious
beliefs were not
tolerated
 Heretics were
considered a threat.

13. King Phillip’s War
 Local gov’ts demanded
Natives to follow English
law; they thought
English were destroying
their culture
 1675- Plymouth executed
3Wamponoag for
murder- led to attacks
 King Phillip (Metacomet)
was theWamponoag
chief.

14. War!
 War lasted three years
to 1678 (Phillip’s head
ended up on a pike)
 Defeat of
Wamponoag’s meant
they lost control of
their land
 Very few remained in
New England after this.

15. Massachusetts as a Royal
Colony
 After years of fighting
in England, King
Charles II passed the
Navigation Acts.
 All shipped goods to
and from colonies must
be on English ships.
 Colonists broke the law
and were governed by
Edmund Andros

16. Cont’d
 Andros was not a
popular guy in Mass or
England.
 He was eventually
ousted.
 RI and CT went back to
old govt
 Mass Bay, Plymouth,
and Maine formed a
Royal Colony

17. Founding of Rhode Island
 RogerWilliams
challenged the Puritan
beliefs in Mass, caused
him to be banned from
the colony
 Founded the town of
Providence, where govt
had no say in religion
and differences were
tolerated
 Anne Hutchinson was
also banned, she
founded Portsmouth

18. Rhode Island
 The two towns joined to become the Rhode
Island and Providence Plantations colony
 The charter included separation of church
and state, and religious freedom

19. Connecticut
 Founded byThomas Hooker
 Established mainly for farmland (religion
played little factor)
 “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut”
 1st written constitution in America
 Similar to Mass, but all men could vote

20. New York
 1609- Dutch hired
Henry Hudson to
explore N America
 Claimed the Hudson
River region-New
Netherland
 Est. New Amsterdam
on Manhattan Island

21. New York
 To increase population,
anyone could settle there
who bought land.
 Patroons – given large tracts
if they found people to settle.
 1664- 10,000 pop (did not
grow fast) Why?
 1620s-Enslaved Africans
came
 England wanted New
Netherland as a link b/w New
England andVA and MD.
 James seized it and renamed
it NewYork

22. New Jersey
 James split the land-
portion became New
Jersey
 Offered land grants,
religious freedom, and a
representative govt to
gain population
 Co-Founders: Sir George
Carteret andWilliam
Berkeley.
 Was a Royal Colony

23. William Penn
 Penn, a Quaker, received land
from King James I.
 Was repayment of debt by kings
brother Charles II.
 Used land as a refuge for
Quakers, who believed religion
was a personal experience (most
fled persecution in Germany)
 Penn signed peace treaty with
Natives that lasted 70+ years
 Philadelphia “City of Brotherly
Love” capital
 FYI- Its grid pattern is modeled by
most major cities

24. Pennsylvania
 Government was directly
elected by voters
 Colonists who owned 50
acres and were Christian
voted.
 All religion was tolerated
 Penn later purchased
land south of PA, named
it Delaware

25. Middle Colonies
 As a whole the farmers of the middle colonies
were prosperous.
 Tobacco, Corn and Wheat were major crops.
But cattle was one of the most important.
Meat was shipped from N.Y. and Philadelphia
to foreign ports.

26. Quebec
 1608- Samuel de
Champlain settles the
French city of Quebec on
the St. Lawrence River
 Mainly used for fur
trading
 Friendly with Natives,
even learned language
and married into cultures
 Also explored Miss. River
and traveled to Gulf of
Mexico region. (Cajuns)

27. Maryland
 Founded by Cecil Calvert (Lord Baltimore)
 Haven for Catholics
 Tobacco- main cash crop
 Maryland Act ofToleration
 Toleration for all Christians
 Death penalty for non Christians

28. Carolinas
 Known as the
“Restoration Colonies”
 Rice and Indigo main
cash crop
 Africans in demand
 Majority by 1710
 CharlesTown- busiest
port, aristocratic

29. North Carolina
 Started by dissenters
fromVA
 Poor farmers with little need
for slaves
 Split from SC in 1712

30. Georgia
 1733 by James
Oglethorpe
 Haven for debtors
 Had to grow exotic
goods (ie. silk)
 Buffer colony
 Provided defense for SC
from Spanish FL