SlideShare a Scribd company logo
GOOD MORNING




        Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   1
Professional Profile
                               Eng. Magdy AbdelSattar Omar,
                   Location: Cairo-Egypt
                   Experience:20 years of experience managing business unit and
                    commercial divisions, supported with Solid academic foundation (EMBA).
                   Educational background: B.SC degree in engineering coupled with
                    Executive MBA, major Marketing strategy’s formulation and
                    implementation
                   Business Specialties: Sales, Marketing, Business Development, Product
                    /Brand Management, Customer service, and Operations Management.
                   Business industry: telecommunications, FMCG, & household appliances
                    business in the Egyptian market
Profile:
 Proven experience and knowledge of telecommunications, household appliances,
   and FMCG business in the Egyptian market.
 15 years of experience as professional Management at multinational environment .
 Fully awareness and skilled with planning, organizing, controlling, and leading skills.
 Proven experience in building new business from scratch in the Egyptian market.
 Reliable awareness of the Gulf area market "customers culture and habits"
   acquired during his 12 years living in Kuwait,

                                                       Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar                 2
What is glass
 Agenda

 What  is glass and how is it produced.
 Main properties of glass.
 Types of glass and market applications.
 Glass manufacturing
 Business tips




                                 Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   3
WHAT IS GLASS AND
HOW IS IT PRODUCED




         Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   4
Glass is a hard material normally
fragile and transparent common
in our daily life. It is composed
mainly of sand (silicates, SiO2)
and an alkali


                   Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   5
These materials at high
temperature (i.e. molten viscous
state) fuse together; then they
are cooled rapidly forming a
rigid structure.


                   Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   6
Glass is used for:
  architecture application,
  illumination,
  electrical transmission,
  instruments for scientific research,
  Optical instruments,
  domestic tools and even textiles.


    Glass does not deteriorate, corrode, stain or fade and
    therefore is one of the safest packaging materials.



                                        Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   7
the common ingredients to obtain
glass:
   1. Sand (SiO2 silica)
    In its pure form it exists as a polymer, (SiO2)n.


   2. Soda ash (sodium carbonate Na2CO3)
    Normally SiO2 softens up to 2000°C, where it starts to degrade (at
    1713°C most of the molecules can already move freely). Adding soda
    will lower the melting point to 1000°C making it more manageable.


   3. Limestone (calcium carbonate or CaCo3) or dolomite (MgCO3)
    Also known as lime, calcium carbonate is found naturally as limestone,
    marble, or chalk.
    The soda makes the glass water-soluble, soft and not very durable.
    Therefore lime is added increasing the hardness and chemical durability
    and providing insolubility of the materials.


                                              Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar       8
MAIN PROPERTIES OF
GLASS




         Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   9
the main characteristics of glass
   Solid and hard material
   Disordered and amorphous structure
   Fragile and easily breakable into sharp pieces
   Transparent to visible light
   Inert and biologically inactive material.
   Glass is 100% recyclable and one of the safest packaging materials
    due to its composition and properties




        These properties can be modified and changed by
        adding other compounds or heat treatment.




                                          Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar          10
TYPES OF GLASS AND
MARKET APPLICATION




         Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   11
Type of glass
        Chemistry % by Weight of the most common types of
                              glass

Element                          Type of glass


          Fused    Soda-lime   Boro-silicate     Alumo      lead borate
          silica     silica       glass      silicate glass    glass

 SiO2     100%     60- 75%       70-81%             62%              54-65%
 Al2O3                1%          2-7%              17%               2%
 CaO                5-12%                            8%
 MgO                  4%                             7%
 Na2O               12-18%        4-8%               1%              13-15%
 K2O
 B2O3                             7-13%              5%
 PbO                                                                 18-38%
                                             Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar            12
Commercial glass or Soda-lime glass
    This is the most common commercial glass and less
       expensive. The composition of soda-lime glass is
    normally 60-75% silica, 12-18% soda, and 5-12% lime. A
     low percentage of other materials can be added for
              specific properties such as coloring
It has light transmission appropriate to be use in flat glass in
windows;

It has a smooth and nonporous surface that allows glass bottles and
packaging glass to be easily cleaned;

Soda-lime glass containers are virtually inert, resistant to chemical
attack from aqueous solutions so they will not contaminate the
contents inside or affect the taste.

soda-lime glass does not allow light at a wavelength of lower than
400 nm (UV light) to pass.


                                             Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar       13
Commercial glass or Soda-lime glass

The disadvantages of soda-lime glass is that
 is not resistant to high temperatures and
 sudden thermal changes.


      soda-lime glass is primarily used for bottles, jars,
      everyday drinking glasses, and window glass.




                                            Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   14
Lead glass
  is composed of 54-65% SiO2, 18-38% lead oxide (PbO),
    13-15% soda (Na2O) or potash (K2), and various other
      oxides. When the content of PbO is less than 18% is
                    known as crystal glass
In moderate amounts lead increases durability;

In high amounts it lowers the melting point and decreases the
hardness giving a soft surface;

In addition it has a high refractive index giving high brilliance glass.


 Glass with high lead oxide contents (i.e. 65%) may be used as radiation
 shielding glass because lead absorb gamma rays and other forms of
 harmful radiation, for example, for nuclear industry.

                                                    Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   15
Borosilicate glass
is mainly composed of silica (70-80%), boric oxide B2O3
  (7-13%) and smaller amounts of the alkalis (sodium and
  potassium oxides) such as 4-8% of Na2O and K2O, and
             2-7% aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
Boron gives greater resistance to thermal changes and chemical corrosion.

It is suitable for industrial chemical process plants, in laboratories, in the
pharmaceutical industry, in bulbs for high-powered lamps, etc.

Borosilicate glass is also used in the home for cooking plates and other heat-
resistant products.

It is used for domestic kitchens and chemistry laboratories,



   it has greater resistance to thermal shock and allows for greater accuracy
   in laboratory measurements when heating and cooling experiments
                                                   Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar          16
GLASS
MANUFACTURING




        Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   17
modern glass container factories are
    three-part operations
   batch house
handles the raw materials.


 hot end
handles the manufacture proper — the furnaces, annealing ovens,
  and forming machines, is where the molten glass is formed into
    glass products


 cold end
handles the product-inspection and -packaging equipment.



                                      Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar        18
Glass manufacturing process




                  Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   19
Batch house
 Whether   automated or manual, the batch
 house measures, assembles, mixes, and delivers
 the glass raw material recipe (batch) via an array
 of chutes, conveyors, and scales to the furnace.

 The batch enters the furnace at the 'dog house'
 or 'batch charger'.

 Different glass types, colors, desired quality, raw
 material purity / availability, and furnace design
 will affect the batch recipe.

                              Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar     20
Hot end
   Furnace:

 The   furnaces are natural gas - or fuel oil -fired, and
    operate at temperatures up to 1,575°C.

 Typically, furnace
                   "size" is classified by metric tons
    per day (MTPD) production capability.

 Types    of furnaces used in container glass making
    include 'end-port' (end-fired), 'side-port', and 'oxy-
    fuel'.


                                   Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar     21
Hot end
   Forming process
There are, currently, two primary methods of making a glass container


 blow and blow method used for narrow neck
  containers only
 press and blow method used for jars and
  increasingly narrow neck containers




                                               Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar    22
Hot end
Forming machines
The forming machines hold and move the
 parts that form the container. Generally
 powered by compressed air, the mechanisms
 are timed to coordinate the movement of all
 these parts so that containers are made

                                  The most widely used
                                  forming machine
                                  arrangement is the
                                  individual section machine
                                  (or IS machine).


                         Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar            23
Hot end
   Internal treatment

 After  the forming process, some containers,
  undergo a treatment to improve the chemical
  resistance of the inside, called internal treatment or
  dealkalization.
 usually accomplished through the injection of a
  sulfur- or fluorine-containing gas mixture into
  bottles at high temperatures.


                                 Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar     24
Hot end
   Annealing

   As glass cools it shrinks and solidifies.

   Uneven cooling causes weak glass due to stress. Even cooling is
    achieved by annealing.

   An annealing oven (known in the industry as a Lehr) heats the
    container to about 580°C then cools it, depending on the glass
    thickness, over a 20 – 6000 minute period.




                                                Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   25
cold end
   The role of the cold end is to:
   Inspect
   Secondary processing
   Package
   Coatings
   Label
   Ancillary processes – compressors & cooling




                                    Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   26
BUSINESS TIPS




          Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   27
Tips
   Glass container manufacture in the developing world is a growing
    market business.


   Glass container manufacture is also a geographical business; the
    product is heavy and large in volume, and the major raw materials
    are generally readily available, therefore production facilities need
    to be located close to their markets.


   A typical glass furnace holds hundreds of tones of molten glass, and
    so it is simply not practical to shut it down every night, or in fact in
    any period short of a month.


   Factories therefore run 24 hours a day 7 days a week. This means
    that there is little opportunity to either increase or decrease
    production rates by more than a few percent.
                                            Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar           28
Tips
   Furnaces and forming machines cost tens of millions of dollars and
    require at least 18 months of planning.


   There are usually more products than machine lines means that
    products are sold from stock.


   The marketing/production challenge is therefore to be able to
    predict demand both in the short 4-12 week term and over the 24-
    48 month long term.


   In mature market business there is usually a factory per 1-2 million
    people. A typical factory will produce 1-3 million containers a day.



                                          Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar            29
EGYPT’S GLASS
INDUSTRY




         Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   30
Strengths
   Highest quality sand in the world and
    also high quality limestone.

   Virtually all input materials required to
    produce glass are available domestically.

   Egypt has a strategic location within
    three regional markets: Europe; Middle
    East; and Africa.

   Strong export performance in glassware
    product.


                                   Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   31
Weaknesses
   The lack of a recycling system for glass products, in particular
    bottles and jars, is creating significant problems for Egypt’s glass
    manufacturers as they are having to operate their furnaces at
    lower levels of recycled inputs than is specified by the furnace
    manufacturers.This results in higher manufacturing costs and
    lower quality glass products.

   Alexandria Sodium Carbonate Co. is the only domestic producer
    of soda ash and is unable to meet domestic demand. Significant
    quantities of soda ash are being imported.

   Restrictions on the availability of certain dimensions of
    domestically produced clear float glass, and all colored float glass is
    imported. Imports of all types of float glass have been increasing.

   Lack of a domestic high performance glass sub-sector, with this
    weakness applying more to building, than auto, glass.



                                                 Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar        32
Weaknesses
   High dependence on imports of bulbs and tubes
    for domestic electric lighting manufacture.

   Lack of R&D activities that are being applied
    commercially.

   Shortage of trained chemical – engineers
    required to support the development of the
    industry.

   Overall weakness in flat glass production and
    products, resulting in weak exporting
    performance in this product area.



                                       Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   33
Opportunities

   New projects to:

   Increase bottle manufacturing capacity.
   Add new production capacity for jars and bottles, this could be based on
    further phases of the new facility indicated above with the potential of
    having four furnaces, each with a capacity of 27,375 tones.
   New production capacity for electric lighting glass.
   Add at least one new float production line.
   Produce high performance glass.
   Develop fiber glass manufacturing capability.


                                                  Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar        34
Opportunities
   New soda ash production facility, in addition to the extra 35,000 tones capacity
    that will start operating.The region, as a whole, is a significant net importer of
    soda ash of about 1 mn tones a year, with the potential for Egypt to become a
    major player in this product.

   Egypt’s Glass Industry to emulate the export-led growth of Turkey’s Glass
    Industry, with Egypt’s industry changing from being a net importer of glass
    products, to a significant net exporter. Specifically, continue to develop Egypt’s
    strength in glassware products, and turn the current weakness in flat glass
    products into a strength.

   Establish a link between having a leading regional research and development
    capability in life cycle costing of buildings, under the concept of ―environmental
    optimization in environmental services‖ , and developing Egypt as regional base
    for the manufacturing of high performance glass.




                                                   Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar                 35
Threats
   New float glass manufacturing capacity is added in the region, in
    addition to the new facility being constructed in UAE, that reduces
    the likelihood of having a second and possibly third float line
    located inside Egypt.

   Regional high performance flat glass capabilities, for building and
    auto glass, are developed in other countries which takes the
    opportunity away from Egypt to become a major player in these
    products.

   Auto glass produced in Egypt continues not to meet the product
    quality standards and specifications of auto OEM manufacturers
    outside Egypt.




                                            Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar         36
THANKS




         Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar   37

More Related Content

What's hot

Float glass
Float glassFloat glass
Float glass
PRANAVBALARAMAJI
 
Float Glass Manufacturing Process
Float Glass Manufacturing ProcessFloat Glass Manufacturing Process
Float Glass Manufacturing Process
Asahi India Glass AIS
 
Glass & Architecture
Glass & ArchitectureGlass & Architecture
Glass & Architecture
HNG Float Glass
 
BUILDING_MATERIAL_glass.pptx
BUILDING_MATERIAL_glass.pptxBUILDING_MATERIAL_glass.pptx
BUILDING_MATERIAL_glass.pptx
Kirtigarg49
 
Types of Glass
Types of GlassTypes of Glass
Types of Glass
gayathrysatheesan1
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass
Pradhan29
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass In Construction
Glass In ConstructionGlass In Construction
Glass In Construction
Achal Dadhania
 
Glass industries
Glass industriesGlass industries
Glass industries
Al Christian Bohol
 
How to Manufacture Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers
How to Manufacture Paints, Varnishes and LacquersHow to Manufacture Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers
How to Manufacture Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers
Ajjay Kumar Gupta
 
Glass manufacturing
Glass manufacturing Glass manufacturing
Glass manufacturing
Usama Pervaiz
 
Plastics .ppt
Plastics .pptPlastics .ppt
Plastics .ppt
Sean Kurian
 
Glass 2
Glass 2Glass 2
Glass, properties, manufacturing, applications, advance techniques
Glass, properties, manufacturing, applications, advance techniquesGlass, properties, manufacturing, applications, advance techniques
Glass, properties, manufacturing, applications, advance techniques
SAAD ARIF
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass ppt
Glass pptGlass ppt
glass industry presentation.pptx
glass industry presentation.pptxglass industry presentation.pptx
glass industry presentation.pptx
MuhammadUsman173212
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass in interior design
Glass in interior designGlass in interior design
Glass in interior design
HNG Float Glass
 

What's hot (20)

Float glass
Float glassFloat glass
Float glass
 
Float Glass Manufacturing Process
Float Glass Manufacturing ProcessFloat Glass Manufacturing Process
Float Glass Manufacturing Process
 
Glass & Architecture
Glass & ArchitectureGlass & Architecture
Glass & Architecture
 
BUILDING_MATERIAL_glass.pptx
BUILDING_MATERIAL_glass.pptxBUILDING_MATERIAL_glass.pptx
BUILDING_MATERIAL_glass.pptx
 
Types of Glass
Types of GlassTypes of Glass
Types of Glass
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass
 
Glass In Construction
Glass In ConstructionGlass In Construction
Glass In Construction
 
Glass industries
Glass industriesGlass industries
Glass industries
 
How to Manufacture Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers
How to Manufacture Paints, Varnishes and LacquersHow to Manufacture Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers
How to Manufacture Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass
 
Glass manufacturing
Glass manufacturing Glass manufacturing
Glass manufacturing
 
Plastics .ppt
Plastics .pptPlastics .ppt
Plastics .ppt
 
Glass 2
Glass 2Glass 2
Glass 2
 
Glass, properties, manufacturing, applications, advance techniques
Glass, properties, manufacturing, applications, advance techniquesGlass, properties, manufacturing, applications, advance techniques
Glass, properties, manufacturing, applications, advance techniques
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass
 
Glass ppt
Glass pptGlass ppt
Glass ppt
 
glass industry presentation.pptx
glass industry presentation.pptxglass industry presentation.pptx
glass industry presentation.pptx
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass
 
Glass in interior design
Glass in interior designGlass in interior design
Glass in interior design
 

Similar to What is glass

U09CH153-Industrial Training Report - ATG
U09CH153-Industrial Training Report - ATGU09CH153-Industrial Training Report - ATG
U09CH153-Industrial Training Report - ATGKailasham Ramalingam
 
Glass Report
Glass ReportGlass Report
Glass Report
Shourya Puri
 
How is glass made
How is glass madeHow is glass made
How is glass made
DeveshVijay4
 
Glass Processing and Properties_120CR0399.ppt
Glass Processing and Properties_120CR0399.pptGlass Processing and Properties_120CR0399.ppt
Glass Processing and Properties_120CR0399.ppt
pratyushkundu123
 
Presentation on glass manufacturing
Presentation on glass manufacturingPresentation on glass manufacturing
Presentation on glass manufacturing
811118222
 
Ph. D. classes 2.ppt
Ph. D. classes 2.pptPh. D. classes 2.ppt
Ph. D. classes 2.ppt
ChandkiramGautam
 
Glass 1
Glass 1Glass 1
Mirror presentation slide.
Mirror presentation slide.Mirror presentation slide.
Mirror presentation slide.
Muhammad Azamuddin Azmi
 
Glass and Its Types
Glass and Its  TypesGlass and Its  Types
Glass and Its Types
Saleem Abbas
 
glass.pptx
glass.pptxglass.pptx
soda lime process and cermets
soda lime process and cermetssoda lime process and cermets
soda lime process and cermets
RAJKUMAR Rswagmare
 
Silica sand and glass industry
Silica sand and glass industrySilica sand and glass industry
Cement, Glass & Refractories
Cement, Glass & RefractoriesCement, Glass & Refractories
Cement, Glass & Refractories
Nandan Pomal
 
Castable dental ceramics /prosthodontic courses
Castable dental ceramics /prosthodontic coursesCastable dental ceramics /prosthodontic courses
Castable dental ceramics /prosthodontic courses
Indian dental academy
 
Castable ceramics/ dentistry training
Castable ceramics/ dentistry trainingCastable ceramics/ dentistry training
Castable ceramics/ dentistry training
Indian dental academy
 
1 Company profile att1 (1)
1 Company profile att1 (1)1 Company profile att1 (1)
1 Company profile att1 (1)vijay sabale
 
Types of glasses | Ceramics and Glasses | Material Science and Engineering
Types of glasses | Ceramics and Glasses | Material Science and EngineeringTypes of glasses | Ceramics and Glasses | Material Science and Engineering
Types of glasses | Ceramics and Glasses | Material Science and Engineering
Peeyush Mishra
 

Similar to What is glass (20)

U09CH153-Industrial Training Report - ATG
U09CH153-Industrial Training Report - ATGU09CH153-Industrial Training Report - ATG
U09CH153-Industrial Training Report - ATG
 
Glass Report
Glass ReportGlass Report
Glass Report
 
How is glass made
How is glass madeHow is glass made
How is glass made
 
Glass Processing and Properties_120CR0399.ppt
Glass Processing and Properties_120CR0399.pptGlass Processing and Properties_120CR0399.ppt
Glass Processing and Properties_120CR0399.ppt
 
Presentation on glass manufacturing
Presentation on glass manufacturingPresentation on glass manufacturing
Presentation on glass manufacturing
 
Ph. D. classes 2.ppt
Ph. D. classes 2.pptPh. D. classes 2.ppt
Ph. D. classes 2.ppt
 
Glass 1
Glass 1Glass 1
Glass 1
 
Mirror presentation slide.
Mirror presentation slide.Mirror presentation slide.
Mirror presentation slide.
 
Glass and Its Types
Glass and Its  TypesGlass and Its  Types
Glass and Its Types
 
glass.pptx
glass.pptxglass.pptx
glass.pptx
 
soda lime process and cermets
soda lime process and cermetssoda lime process and cermets
soda lime process and cermets
 
Silica sand and glass industry
Silica sand and glass industrySilica sand and glass industry
Silica sand and glass industry
 
Guardian_GlassTime_EU
Guardian_GlassTime_EUGuardian_GlassTime_EU
Guardian_GlassTime_EU
 
Cement, Glass & Refractories
Cement, Glass & RefractoriesCement, Glass & Refractories
Cement, Glass & Refractories
 
Castable dental ceramics /prosthodontic courses
Castable dental ceramics /prosthodontic coursesCastable dental ceramics /prosthodontic courses
Castable dental ceramics /prosthodontic courses
 
Castable ceramics/ dentistry training
Castable ceramics/ dentistry trainingCastable ceramics/ dentistry training
Castable ceramics/ dentistry training
 
Goel cat 2013 14
Goel cat  2013 14Goel cat  2013 14
Goel cat 2013 14
 
1 Company profile att1 (1)
1 Company profile att1 (1)1 Company profile att1 (1)
1 Company profile att1 (1)
 
Glass
GlassGlass
Glass
 
Types of glasses | Ceramics and Glasses | Material Science and Engineering
Types of glasses | Ceramics and Glasses | Material Science and EngineeringTypes of glasses | Ceramics and Glasses | Material Science and Engineering
Types of glasses | Ceramics and Glasses | Material Science and Engineering
 

More from Magdy Abdelsattar Omar

International Business
International BusinessInternational Business
International Business
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Business intelligence
Business intelligence Business intelligence
Business intelligence
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Launching new handset mobile
Launching new handset mobileLaunching new handset mobile
Launching new handset mobile
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Reasons to leave a job
Reasons to leave a jobReasons to leave a job
Reasons to leave a job
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
How to save your job if you're about to be fired
How to save your job if you're about to be firedHow to save your job if you're about to be fired
How to save your job if you're about to be fired
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Do not apply for this job
Do not apply for this jobDo not apply for this job
Do not apply for this job
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Can a company cut your pay or hours
Can a company cut your pay or hoursCan a company cut your pay or hours
Can a company cut your pay or hours
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Why you may not have gotten a raise
Why you may not have gotten a raiseWhy you may not have gotten a raise
Why you may not have gotten a raise
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
10 steps to a successful career change
10 steps to a successful career change10 steps to a successful career change
10 steps to a successful career change
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Top 10 e commerce builders
Top 10 e commerce buildersTop 10 e commerce builders
Top 10 e commerce builders
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Sales management
Sales managementSales management
Sales management
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Push & pull strategy
Push & pull strategyPush & pull strategy
Push & pull strategy
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Egyptian e commerce market to reach $2.7bn by 2020
Egyptian e commerce market to reach $2.7bn by 2020Egyptian e commerce market to reach $2.7bn by 2020
Egyptian e commerce market to reach $2.7bn by 2020
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Economy
EconomyEconomy
E commerce in egypt
E commerce in egyptE commerce in egypt
E commerce in egypt
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
B plan ssm
B plan ssmB plan ssm
Distribution strategy
Distribution strategyDistribution strategy
Distribution strategy
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Cv vs Resume
Cv vs ResumeCv vs Resume
Distribution business
Distribution businessDistribution business
Distribution business
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 
Telecommunication
TelecommunicationTelecommunication
Telecommunication
Magdy Abdelsattar Omar
 

More from Magdy Abdelsattar Omar (20)

International Business
International BusinessInternational Business
International Business
 
Business intelligence
Business intelligence Business intelligence
Business intelligence
 
Launching new handset mobile
Launching new handset mobileLaunching new handset mobile
Launching new handset mobile
 
Reasons to leave a job
Reasons to leave a jobReasons to leave a job
Reasons to leave a job
 
How to save your job if you're about to be fired
How to save your job if you're about to be firedHow to save your job if you're about to be fired
How to save your job if you're about to be fired
 
Do not apply for this job
Do not apply for this jobDo not apply for this job
Do not apply for this job
 
Can a company cut your pay or hours
Can a company cut your pay or hoursCan a company cut your pay or hours
Can a company cut your pay or hours
 
Why you may not have gotten a raise
Why you may not have gotten a raiseWhy you may not have gotten a raise
Why you may not have gotten a raise
 
10 steps to a successful career change
10 steps to a successful career change10 steps to a successful career change
10 steps to a successful career change
 
Top 10 e commerce builders
Top 10 e commerce buildersTop 10 e commerce builders
Top 10 e commerce builders
 
Sales management
Sales managementSales management
Sales management
 
Push & pull strategy
Push & pull strategyPush & pull strategy
Push & pull strategy
 
Egyptian e commerce market to reach $2.7bn by 2020
Egyptian e commerce market to reach $2.7bn by 2020Egyptian e commerce market to reach $2.7bn by 2020
Egyptian e commerce market to reach $2.7bn by 2020
 
Economy
EconomyEconomy
Economy
 
E commerce in egypt
E commerce in egyptE commerce in egypt
E commerce in egypt
 
B plan ssm
B plan ssmB plan ssm
B plan ssm
 
Distribution strategy
Distribution strategyDistribution strategy
Distribution strategy
 
Cv vs Resume
Cv vs ResumeCv vs Resume
Cv vs Resume
 
Distribution business
Distribution businessDistribution business
Distribution business
 
Telecommunication
TelecommunicationTelecommunication
Telecommunication
 

Recently uploaded

falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-platform-for-investors-in-india
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-platform-for-investors-in-indiafalcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-platform-for-investors-in-india
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-platform-for-investors-in-india
Falcon Invoice Discounting
 
Business Valuation Principles for Entrepreneurs
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBusiness Valuation Principles for Entrepreneurs
Business Valuation Principles for Entrepreneurs
Ben Wann
 
Cree_Rey_BrandIdentityKit.PDF_PersonalBd
Cree_Rey_BrandIdentityKit.PDF_PersonalBdCree_Rey_BrandIdentityKit.PDF_PersonalBd
Cree_Rey_BrandIdentityKit.PDF_PersonalBd
creerey
 
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...
BBPMedia1
 
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...
dylandmeas
 
Bài tập - Tiếng anh 11 Global Success UNIT 1 - Bản HS.doc
Bài tập - Tiếng anh 11 Global Success UNIT 1 - Bản HS.docBài tập - Tiếng anh 11 Global Success UNIT 1 - Bản HS.doc
Bài tập - Tiếng anh 11 Global Success UNIT 1 - Bản HS.doc
daothibichhang1
 
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx
tanyjahb
 
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptx
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxPutting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptx
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptx
Cynthia Clay
 
5 Things You Need To Know Before Hiring a Videographer
5 Things You Need To Know Before Hiring a Videographer5 Things You Need To Know Before Hiring a Videographer
5 Things You Need To Know Before Hiring a Videographer
ofm712785
 
Search Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdf
Search Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdfSearch Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdf
Search Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdf
Arihant Webtech Pvt. Ltd
 
Authentically Social Presented by Corey Perlman
Authentically Social Presented by Corey PerlmanAuthentically Social Presented by Corey Perlman
Authentically Social Presented by Corey Perlman
Corey Perlman, Social Media Speaker and Consultant
 
-- June 2024 is National Volunteer Month --
-- June 2024 is National Volunteer Month ---- June 2024 is National Volunteer Month --
-- June 2024 is National Volunteer Month --
NZSG
 
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media Masterclass
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassRecruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media Masterclass
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media Masterclass
LuanWise
 
Mastering B2B Payments Webinar from BlueSnap
Mastering B2B Payments Webinar from BlueSnapMastering B2B Payments Webinar from BlueSnap
Mastering B2B Payments Webinar from BlueSnap
Norma Mushkat Gaffin
 
Meas_Dylan_DMBS_PB1_2024-05XX_Revised.pdf
Meas_Dylan_DMBS_PB1_2024-05XX_Revised.pdfMeas_Dylan_DMBS_PB1_2024-05XX_Revised.pdf
Meas_Dylan_DMBS_PB1_2024-05XX_Revised.pdf
dylandmeas
 
20240425_ TJ Communications Credentials_compressed.pdf
20240425_ TJ Communications Credentials_compressed.pdf20240425_ TJ Communications Credentials_compressed.pdf
20240425_ TJ Communications Credentials_compressed.pdf
tjcomstrang
 
Introduction to Amazon company 111111111111
Introduction to Amazon company 111111111111Introduction to Amazon company 111111111111
Introduction to Amazon company 111111111111
zoyaansari11365
 
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n Print
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintAffordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n Print
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n Print
Navpack & Print
 
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_dog-alogue_digital.pdf
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_dog-alogue_digital.pdfikea_woodgreen_petscharity_dog-alogue_digital.pdf
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_dog-alogue_digital.pdf
agatadrynko
 
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_cat-alogue_digital.pdf
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_cat-alogue_digital.pdfikea_woodgreen_petscharity_cat-alogue_digital.pdf
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_cat-alogue_digital.pdf
agatadrynko
 

Recently uploaded (20)

falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-platform-for-investors-in-india
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-platform-for-investors-in-indiafalcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-platform-for-investors-in-india
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-platform-for-investors-in-india
 
Business Valuation Principles for Entrepreneurs
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBusiness Valuation Principles for Entrepreneurs
Business Valuation Principles for Entrepreneurs
 
Cree_Rey_BrandIdentityKit.PDF_PersonalBd
Cree_Rey_BrandIdentityKit.PDF_PersonalBdCree_Rey_BrandIdentityKit.PDF_PersonalBd
Cree_Rey_BrandIdentityKit.PDF_PersonalBd
 
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...
 
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...
 
Bài tập - Tiếng anh 11 Global Success UNIT 1 - Bản HS.doc
Bài tập - Tiếng anh 11 Global Success UNIT 1 - Bản HS.docBài tập - Tiếng anh 11 Global Success UNIT 1 - Bản HS.doc
Bài tập - Tiếng anh 11 Global Success UNIT 1 - Bản HS.doc
 
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptx
 
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptx
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxPutting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptx
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptx
 
5 Things You Need To Know Before Hiring a Videographer
5 Things You Need To Know Before Hiring a Videographer5 Things You Need To Know Before Hiring a Videographer
5 Things You Need To Know Before Hiring a Videographer
 
Search Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdf
Search Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdfSearch Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdf
Search Disrupted Google’s Leaked Documents Rock the SEO World.pdf
 
Authentically Social Presented by Corey Perlman
Authentically Social Presented by Corey PerlmanAuthentically Social Presented by Corey Perlman
Authentically Social Presented by Corey Perlman
 
-- June 2024 is National Volunteer Month --
-- June 2024 is National Volunteer Month ---- June 2024 is National Volunteer Month --
-- June 2024 is National Volunteer Month --
 
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media Masterclass
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassRecruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media Masterclass
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media Masterclass
 
Mastering B2B Payments Webinar from BlueSnap
Mastering B2B Payments Webinar from BlueSnapMastering B2B Payments Webinar from BlueSnap
Mastering B2B Payments Webinar from BlueSnap
 
Meas_Dylan_DMBS_PB1_2024-05XX_Revised.pdf
Meas_Dylan_DMBS_PB1_2024-05XX_Revised.pdfMeas_Dylan_DMBS_PB1_2024-05XX_Revised.pdf
Meas_Dylan_DMBS_PB1_2024-05XX_Revised.pdf
 
20240425_ TJ Communications Credentials_compressed.pdf
20240425_ TJ Communications Credentials_compressed.pdf20240425_ TJ Communications Credentials_compressed.pdf
20240425_ TJ Communications Credentials_compressed.pdf
 
Introduction to Amazon company 111111111111
Introduction to Amazon company 111111111111Introduction to Amazon company 111111111111
Introduction to Amazon company 111111111111
 
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n Print
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintAffordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n Print
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n Print
 
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_dog-alogue_digital.pdf
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_dog-alogue_digital.pdfikea_woodgreen_petscharity_dog-alogue_digital.pdf
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_dog-alogue_digital.pdf
 
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_cat-alogue_digital.pdf
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_cat-alogue_digital.pdfikea_woodgreen_petscharity_cat-alogue_digital.pdf
ikea_woodgreen_petscharity_cat-alogue_digital.pdf
 

What is glass

  • 1. GOOD MORNING Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 1
  • 2. Professional Profile Eng. Magdy AbdelSattar Omar,  Location: Cairo-Egypt  Experience:20 years of experience managing business unit and commercial divisions, supported with Solid academic foundation (EMBA).  Educational background: B.SC degree in engineering coupled with Executive MBA, major Marketing strategy’s formulation and implementation  Business Specialties: Sales, Marketing, Business Development, Product /Brand Management, Customer service, and Operations Management.  Business industry: telecommunications, FMCG, & household appliances business in the Egyptian market Profile:  Proven experience and knowledge of telecommunications, household appliances, and FMCG business in the Egyptian market.  15 years of experience as professional Management at multinational environment .  Fully awareness and skilled with planning, organizing, controlling, and leading skills.  Proven experience in building new business from scratch in the Egyptian market.  Reliable awareness of the Gulf area market "customers culture and habits" acquired during his 12 years living in Kuwait, Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 2
  • 3. What is glass Agenda What is glass and how is it produced. Main properties of glass. Types of glass and market applications. Glass manufacturing Business tips Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 3
  • 4. WHAT IS GLASS AND HOW IS IT PRODUCED Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 4
  • 5. Glass is a hard material normally fragile and transparent common in our daily life. It is composed mainly of sand (silicates, SiO2) and an alkali Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 5
  • 6. These materials at high temperature (i.e. molten viscous state) fuse together; then they are cooled rapidly forming a rigid structure. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 6
  • 7. Glass is used for: architecture application, illumination, electrical transmission, instruments for scientific research, Optical instruments, domestic tools and even textiles. Glass does not deteriorate, corrode, stain or fade and therefore is one of the safest packaging materials. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 7
  • 8. the common ingredients to obtain glass:  1. Sand (SiO2 silica) In its pure form it exists as a polymer, (SiO2)n.  2. Soda ash (sodium carbonate Na2CO3) Normally SiO2 softens up to 2000°C, where it starts to degrade (at 1713°C most of the molecules can already move freely). Adding soda will lower the melting point to 1000°C making it more manageable.  3. Limestone (calcium carbonate or CaCo3) or dolomite (MgCO3) Also known as lime, calcium carbonate is found naturally as limestone, marble, or chalk. The soda makes the glass water-soluble, soft and not very durable. Therefore lime is added increasing the hardness and chemical durability and providing insolubility of the materials. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 8
  • 9. MAIN PROPERTIES OF GLASS Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 9
  • 10. the main characteristics of glass  Solid and hard material  Disordered and amorphous structure  Fragile and easily breakable into sharp pieces  Transparent to visible light  Inert and biologically inactive material.  Glass is 100% recyclable and one of the safest packaging materials due to its composition and properties These properties can be modified and changed by adding other compounds or heat treatment. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 10
  • 11. TYPES OF GLASS AND MARKET APPLICATION Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 11
  • 12. Type of glass Chemistry % by Weight of the most common types of glass Element Type of glass Fused Soda-lime Boro-silicate Alumo lead borate silica silica glass silicate glass glass SiO2 100% 60- 75% 70-81% 62% 54-65% Al2O3 1% 2-7% 17% 2% CaO 5-12% 8% MgO 4% 7% Na2O 12-18% 4-8% 1% 13-15% K2O B2O3 7-13% 5% PbO 18-38% Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 12
  • 13. Commercial glass or Soda-lime glass This is the most common commercial glass and less expensive. The composition of soda-lime glass is normally 60-75% silica, 12-18% soda, and 5-12% lime. A low percentage of other materials can be added for specific properties such as coloring It has light transmission appropriate to be use in flat glass in windows; It has a smooth and nonporous surface that allows glass bottles and packaging glass to be easily cleaned; Soda-lime glass containers are virtually inert, resistant to chemical attack from aqueous solutions so they will not contaminate the contents inside or affect the taste. soda-lime glass does not allow light at a wavelength of lower than 400 nm (UV light) to pass. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 13
  • 14. Commercial glass or Soda-lime glass The disadvantages of soda-lime glass is that is not resistant to high temperatures and sudden thermal changes. soda-lime glass is primarily used for bottles, jars, everyday drinking glasses, and window glass. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 14
  • 15. Lead glass is composed of 54-65% SiO2, 18-38% lead oxide (PbO), 13-15% soda (Na2O) or potash (K2), and various other oxides. When the content of PbO is less than 18% is known as crystal glass In moderate amounts lead increases durability; In high amounts it lowers the melting point and decreases the hardness giving a soft surface; In addition it has a high refractive index giving high brilliance glass. Glass with high lead oxide contents (i.e. 65%) may be used as radiation shielding glass because lead absorb gamma rays and other forms of harmful radiation, for example, for nuclear industry. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 15
  • 16. Borosilicate glass is mainly composed of silica (70-80%), boric oxide B2O3 (7-13%) and smaller amounts of the alkalis (sodium and potassium oxides) such as 4-8% of Na2O and K2O, and 2-7% aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Boron gives greater resistance to thermal changes and chemical corrosion. It is suitable for industrial chemical process plants, in laboratories, in the pharmaceutical industry, in bulbs for high-powered lamps, etc. Borosilicate glass is also used in the home for cooking plates and other heat- resistant products. It is used for domestic kitchens and chemistry laboratories, it has greater resistance to thermal shock and allows for greater accuracy in laboratory measurements when heating and cooling experiments Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 16
  • 17. GLASS MANUFACTURING Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 17
  • 18. modern glass container factories are three-part operations  batch house handles the raw materials.  hot end handles the manufacture proper — the furnaces, annealing ovens, and forming machines, is where the molten glass is formed into glass products  cold end handles the product-inspection and -packaging equipment. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 18
  • 19. Glass manufacturing process Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 19
  • 20. Batch house  Whether automated or manual, the batch house measures, assembles, mixes, and delivers the glass raw material recipe (batch) via an array of chutes, conveyors, and scales to the furnace.  The batch enters the furnace at the 'dog house' or 'batch charger'.  Different glass types, colors, desired quality, raw material purity / availability, and furnace design will affect the batch recipe. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 20
  • 21. Hot end  Furnace:  The furnaces are natural gas - or fuel oil -fired, and operate at temperatures up to 1,575°C.  Typically, furnace "size" is classified by metric tons per day (MTPD) production capability.  Types of furnaces used in container glass making include 'end-port' (end-fired), 'side-port', and 'oxy- fuel'. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 21
  • 22. Hot end  Forming process There are, currently, two primary methods of making a glass container  blow and blow method used for narrow neck containers only  press and blow method used for jars and increasingly narrow neck containers Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 22
  • 23. Hot end Forming machines The forming machines hold and move the parts that form the container. Generally powered by compressed air, the mechanisms are timed to coordinate the movement of all these parts so that containers are made The most widely used forming machine arrangement is the individual section machine (or IS machine). Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 23
  • 24. Hot end  Internal treatment  After the forming process, some containers, undergo a treatment to improve the chemical resistance of the inside, called internal treatment or dealkalization.  usually accomplished through the injection of a sulfur- or fluorine-containing gas mixture into bottles at high temperatures. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 24
  • 25. Hot end  Annealing  As glass cools it shrinks and solidifies.  Uneven cooling causes weak glass due to stress. Even cooling is achieved by annealing.  An annealing oven (known in the industry as a Lehr) heats the container to about 580°C then cools it, depending on the glass thickness, over a 20 – 6000 minute period. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 25
  • 26. cold end  The role of the cold end is to:  Inspect  Secondary processing  Package  Coatings  Label  Ancillary processes – compressors & cooling Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 26
  • 27. BUSINESS TIPS Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 27
  • 28. Tips  Glass container manufacture in the developing world is a growing market business.  Glass container manufacture is also a geographical business; the product is heavy and large in volume, and the major raw materials are generally readily available, therefore production facilities need to be located close to their markets.  A typical glass furnace holds hundreds of tones of molten glass, and so it is simply not practical to shut it down every night, or in fact in any period short of a month.  Factories therefore run 24 hours a day 7 days a week. This means that there is little opportunity to either increase or decrease production rates by more than a few percent. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 28
  • 29. Tips  Furnaces and forming machines cost tens of millions of dollars and require at least 18 months of planning.  There are usually more products than machine lines means that products are sold from stock.  The marketing/production challenge is therefore to be able to predict demand both in the short 4-12 week term and over the 24- 48 month long term.  In mature market business there is usually a factory per 1-2 million people. A typical factory will produce 1-3 million containers a day. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 29
  • 30. EGYPT’S GLASS INDUSTRY Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 30
  • 31. Strengths  Highest quality sand in the world and also high quality limestone.  Virtually all input materials required to produce glass are available domestically.  Egypt has a strategic location within three regional markets: Europe; Middle East; and Africa.  Strong export performance in glassware product. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 31
  • 32. Weaknesses  The lack of a recycling system for glass products, in particular bottles and jars, is creating significant problems for Egypt’s glass manufacturers as they are having to operate their furnaces at lower levels of recycled inputs than is specified by the furnace manufacturers.This results in higher manufacturing costs and lower quality glass products.  Alexandria Sodium Carbonate Co. is the only domestic producer of soda ash and is unable to meet domestic demand. Significant quantities of soda ash are being imported.  Restrictions on the availability of certain dimensions of domestically produced clear float glass, and all colored float glass is imported. Imports of all types of float glass have been increasing.  Lack of a domestic high performance glass sub-sector, with this weakness applying more to building, than auto, glass. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 32
  • 33. Weaknesses  High dependence on imports of bulbs and tubes for domestic electric lighting manufacture.  Lack of R&D activities that are being applied commercially.  Shortage of trained chemical – engineers required to support the development of the industry.  Overall weakness in flat glass production and products, resulting in weak exporting performance in this product area. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 33
  • 34. Opportunities  New projects to:  Increase bottle manufacturing capacity.  Add new production capacity for jars and bottles, this could be based on further phases of the new facility indicated above with the potential of having four furnaces, each with a capacity of 27,375 tones.  New production capacity for electric lighting glass.  Add at least one new float production line.  Produce high performance glass.  Develop fiber glass manufacturing capability. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 34
  • 35. Opportunities  New soda ash production facility, in addition to the extra 35,000 tones capacity that will start operating.The region, as a whole, is a significant net importer of soda ash of about 1 mn tones a year, with the potential for Egypt to become a major player in this product.  Egypt’s Glass Industry to emulate the export-led growth of Turkey’s Glass Industry, with Egypt’s industry changing from being a net importer of glass products, to a significant net exporter. Specifically, continue to develop Egypt’s strength in glassware products, and turn the current weakness in flat glass products into a strength.  Establish a link between having a leading regional research and development capability in life cycle costing of buildings, under the concept of ―environmental optimization in environmental services‖ , and developing Egypt as regional base for the manufacturing of high performance glass. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 35
  • 36. Threats  New float glass manufacturing capacity is added in the region, in addition to the new facility being constructed in UAE, that reduces the likelihood of having a second and possibly third float line located inside Egypt.  Regional high performance flat glass capabilities, for building and auto glass, are developed in other countries which takes the opportunity away from Egypt to become a major player in these products.  Auto glass produced in Egypt continues not to meet the product quality standards and specifications of auto OEM manufacturers outside Egypt. Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 36
  • 37. THANKS Eng.Magdy Abdelsattar 37