This document provides an overview of climate change and the greenhouse effect. It defines climate as the long-term weather trends over centuries or millennia, whereas weather occurs over shorter time periods from days to years. The greenhouse effect is described as necessary for warming the planet, but human activities like burning fossil fuels are enhancing the effect and causing global warming. Evidence of warming includes rising global temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over recent decades. The impacts of climate change include changes to precipitation patterns and the hydrologic cycle, as well as increasing risks from hazards like droughts, floods, and rising sea levels. Adaptation, mitigation and building resilience are important to address these risks.

1. Almaty, Kazakhstan
21-22 August 2019
bit.ly/ipcc_outreach_centralasia
What is Climate Change?
Mohammad Rahimi
IPCC LA (AR6, SRCCL, SREX)
Faculty od Desert Studies, Semnan University, Iran

2. IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report
What is Climate?

3. IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report
What is Climate?
Weather versus Climate

4. 4
Weather is:
the state of the
atmosphere at a
given time (and
place)

5. Weather versus Climate
Weather occurs in
the troposphere from
day to day and week
to week and even
year to year..

6. Weather versus Climate
Climate is the sum
of weather trends
over long periods of
time (centuries or
even thousands of
years).

7. Climate is what we
do expect.

8. Climate is what we
do expect.
Weather is what
we get.

9. Global Climate change
Significant long-term changes in the
climate parameters
Global Climate Change global warming
Weather systems do not respect
geographical borders

10. Greenhouse Effect

11. Greenhouse Effect

12. Question
Is greenhouse effect useful
or not?

13. –18°C +15°C
Earth without air Our planet
+ 33°C
If the world had no atmosphere, it would
be very cold

14. Natural GHG effect
33 °C
Other GHG <1 °C
CO2 2 °C
H2O 31 °C
–18oC
+15oC

15. IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report
But the atmosphere is changing fast because of all the
things people are doing (putting gases into the air)
Energy production remains the primary driver of GHG emissions
35% 24% 21% 14% 6.4%
2010 GHG emissions
Energy Sector
Agriculture,
forests and
other land uses
Industry
Transport
Building
Sector

16. Enhanced GHG
effect
33 °C
+ 1 °C
Other GHG <1 °C
CO2 2 °C + 1oC
H2O 31 °C
–18oC
+16oC

17. How do we know that the world is warming?

18. The increase in global temperature is following
the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.
Source: https://www.globalchange.gov

19. Decadal Global Monthly Temperature
(w.r.t. Average 1951-1980)
Decadal Global Summer Temperature
in the Northern Hemisphere(w.r.t Average 1951-1980)

20. Global Warming And Hydrologic Cycle
Connection
Heating
Temperature Evaporation
Water
Holding
Capacity
Atmospheric
Moisture
Temperature oF
SaturatedVaporPressure
t t+20
Green
House
Effect
Rain
Intensity
Drought Flood
FloodDrought
Created by: Gi-Hyeon Park

22. Hazard
Exposure
Vulnerability
Disaster
Risk
Disaster
Risk

23. Temperature Change Map Asia – RCP4.5

24. The Fourth component
When Adaptation & Mitigation were used to combat adverse impacts of climate change and
resilience also were used, if these aren't successful, the life in Earth would face fourth component;
The PRESSURE! Ecosystems will be destroyed under unavoidable climate change pressure
gradually.

25. IPCC
IPCC
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