The document discusses three main challenges related to climate change: the scientific challenge of observing, understanding, and predicting climate behavior; the communications challenge of translating complex climate science for policymakers and the public; and the policy challenge of responding to climate risks. It provides details on trends in climate observations, the scientific consensus around human-caused warming, and impacts that could be expected at different levels of temperature rise. It also examines public opinions on climate change and options for policy responses like mitigation and adaptation.
Slides from Bernd Eggen, Health Protection agency. Presented at the third meeting of the Communicating Climate Change group, European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Truro, UK
GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTHFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the impacts of global warming and the consequent global climate change on human health and the solutions to avoid its harmful consequences against humanity. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to promote a profound transformation of current society, which has been extremely destructive of the planet's living conditions. Therefore, it is essential to build a sustainable society, replacing the current dominant economic model throughout the world with one that takes into account man integrated with the environment, with nature, that is, the model of sustainable development. The Paris Agreement was analyzed based on the COP 21 organized by the UN through which 195 countries and the European Union defined how humanity will fight global warming in the coming decades, as well as was analyzed literature related to global warming and climate change to extract the conclusions that point out how to replace the current development model with the sustainable development model.
Slides from Bernd Eggen, Health Protection agency. Presented at the third meeting of the Communicating Climate Change group, European Centre for Environment and Human Health, Truro, UK
GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTHFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the impacts of global warming and the consequent global climate change on human health and the solutions to avoid its harmful consequences against humanity. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to promote a profound transformation of current society, which has been extremely destructive of the planet's living conditions. Therefore, it is essential to build a sustainable society, replacing the current dominant economic model throughout the world with one that takes into account man integrated with the environment, with nature, that is, the model of sustainable development. The Paris Agreement was analyzed based on the COP 21 organized by the UN through which 195 countries and the European Union defined how humanity will fight global warming in the coming decades, as well as was analyzed literature related to global warming and climate change to extract the conclusions that point out how to replace the current development model with the sustainable development model.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
Weather and climate have both short-term and long-term impacts on livestock development and management. This talk will focus on longer-term trends in climate and drought over time across the United States and the impacts of changes in these factors on animal agriculture. We will start by examining the trends in temperature and precipitation that have occurred over different regions of the US over the past century and how they have varied from one area to another. Then we will look at how future climate is predicted and problems in making useful predictions. We will follow that by looking at some of the most reliable predictions of future climate and discuss the potential impacts on livestock health, forage and feed supply, and farm management practices and the importance of resilience in farm practices. We will conclude by identifying both the challenges and the opportunities for future livestock producers in a changing climate.
http://www.extension.org/pages/67615/impacts-of-a-changing-cimate-on-animal-agriculture
Climate Change & Its Implications to Livelihoods and Economic Development in...Dr. Joshua Zake
This paper was presented at the Climate Change workshop for Trocaire Partners in Lira Hotel, Lira, May 2008. The purpose of this briefing paper is to raise awareness about climate change, its social and economic development impacts in Uganda and hence the need for urgent actions by key stakeholders (including Government, Development Partners, Civil Society, Policy Makers, Political Leaders, Private Sector, Academia, Research Institutions, Cultural and Faith Based Leaders and Communities among others) towards adaptation and mitigation of the impacts of climate change at various levels. The paper defines key terms and concepts in the context of climate change; discuses and analyses the implications of climate change to livelihoods and economic development in light of current relevant policies and programs at International and National levels. Local and International examples are used to justify the implications of climate change. It also gives possible appropriate strategies at policy and practice level for consideration in addressing the impacts of climate change in Uganda.
The planet in our hands: responding to climate change (Glasgow)bis_foresight
Sir Mark Walport gave a series of public lectures on climate change at Science and Discovery Centres across the UK. In these talks he explored what the science tells us, and what we, as a developed nation, should do in response.
These slides come from the talk given in Glasgow on 14 March 2014, but differ only slightly from the slides used in earlier talks.
See also the video of the Bristol talk:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tKi8OSW640
John Holdren on Climate Change Challenge 2018 02-15Vincent Everts
In Nantucket I attended an amazing and scary presentation by John Holdren on Climate Change. John Paul Holdren was the senior advisor to President Barack Obama on science and technology issues through his roles as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and Co-Chair of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).
Holdren was previously the Teresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, director of the Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program at the School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, and Director of the Woods Hole Research Center.
Climate change ,adaptation and mitigation in fisheriesSWAGATIKA SAHOO
Climate change impacts on aquatic and marine ecosystems and associated livelihoods are growing, and the purpose of this circular is to provide a brief overview of potential impacts and details of ongoing and completed adaptation activities. Sharing examples will aid planning and development of adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture, and this compilation is intended to provide a starting point for planners, policy-makers, and practitioners who are involved in sectors related to fisheries and aquaculture around the globe. This introduction provides an overview of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture. The presentation reviews potential mitigation and adaptation options for fisheries and aquaculture at various scales. This is followed by an overview of selected adaptation activities at various scales to demonstrate the types of activities underway or completed around the world, primarily in developing countries. This is not a comprehensive review of adaptation actions – there are other resources that provide more in-depth reviews of adaptation. However, this circular aims to provide examples of the kinds of adaptation activities specifically addressing fisheries and/or aquaculture.
Weather and climate have both short-term and long-term impacts on livestock development and management. This talk will focus on longer-term trends in climate and drought over time across the United States and the impacts of changes in these factors on animal agriculture. We will start by examining the trends in temperature and precipitation that have occurred over different regions of the US over the past century and how they have varied from one area to another. Then we will look at how future climate is predicted and problems in making useful predictions. We will follow that by looking at some of the most reliable predictions of future climate and discuss the potential impacts on livestock health, forage and feed supply, and farm management practices and the importance of resilience in farm practices. We will conclude by identifying both the challenges and the opportunities for future livestock producers in a changing climate.
http://www.extension.org/pages/67615/impacts-of-a-changing-cimate-on-animal-agriculture
Climate Change & Its Implications to Livelihoods and Economic Development in...Dr. Joshua Zake
This paper was presented at the Climate Change workshop for Trocaire Partners in Lira Hotel, Lira, May 2008. The purpose of this briefing paper is to raise awareness about climate change, its social and economic development impacts in Uganda and hence the need for urgent actions by key stakeholders (including Government, Development Partners, Civil Society, Policy Makers, Political Leaders, Private Sector, Academia, Research Institutions, Cultural and Faith Based Leaders and Communities among others) towards adaptation and mitigation of the impacts of climate change at various levels. The paper defines key terms and concepts in the context of climate change; discuses and analyses the implications of climate change to livelihoods and economic development in light of current relevant policies and programs at International and National levels. Local and International examples are used to justify the implications of climate change. It also gives possible appropriate strategies at policy and practice level for consideration in addressing the impacts of climate change in Uganda.
The planet in our hands: responding to climate change (Glasgow)bis_foresight
Sir Mark Walport gave a series of public lectures on climate change at Science and Discovery Centres across the UK. In these talks he explored what the science tells us, and what we, as a developed nation, should do in response.
These slides come from the talk given in Glasgow on 14 March 2014, but differ only slightly from the slides used in earlier talks.
See also the video of the Bristol talk:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tKi8OSW640
John Holdren on Climate Change Challenge 2018 02-15Vincent Everts
In Nantucket I attended an amazing and scary presentation by John Holdren on Climate Change. John Paul Holdren was the senior advisor to President Barack Obama on science and technology issues through his roles as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and Co-Chair of the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).
Holdren was previously the Teresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, director of the Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program at the School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, and Director of the Woods Hole Research Center.
For Climate Change Workshop by British Computer Society on 17-Sep-08.
Physics & Chemistry of Climate Change,
Effects and Costs of Climate Change,
Geographical Information and use of it,
Some International Meetings and Local Authority Measures,
Climate Change Bill 2008,
Carbon trading / offsetting,
Reducing Carbon Emissions – Websites & Actions.
Global warming
What is global warming?
Green house effect
Cause of global warming
Effect of global warming
Ozone layer depletion
Global warming statistics
Projection of global warming
Future prediction
Controlling Global Warming
Electric Utility Risk Management in the Face of Climate RiskMark Trexler
Electric utilities are a key contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and have been thinking about climate change and climate policy longer than any other sector. This presentation to the Executive Committee of an electric utility in North America walks through the key issues and questions in developing an effective risk management strategy.
How will we power the UK in the future? bis_foresight
Sir Mark Walport gave a series of public talks on energy at Science and Discovery Centres across the UK between September 2015 and April 2016. In these talks he explored how we could power the UK in the future.
These slides come from the last talk given in Birmingham, but differ only slightly from the slides used in earlier talks.
See the accompanying animations at:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLb-lLN3v5qAxFKlzS-eaaGJUEhVbyES2f
On 21 October 2015, the British Embassy in Paris hosted a day of discussions on French-British collaboration on resilience to extreme weather, with talks from UK Government Chief Scientific Adviser Sir Mark Walport, former vice-chair of IPCC WKI Dr. Jean Jouzel, as well as representatives from the Met Office and Meteo France, UK and French government departments, and the private sector.
Crop Protection Association - Managing risk, not avoiding itbis_foresight
Presentation by Sir Mark Walport at the Crop Protection Association (CPA) conference on 14 May 2015.
Read an extract of the speech on the current science around neonicotinoid insecticides: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/crop-protection-managing-risk-not-avoiding-it
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
Do Linguistics Still Matter in the Age of Large Language Models.pptx
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
1. Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science
and Policy
Sir Mark Walport, Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government
2. There are three challenges relating to climate
change
Scientific
Communications
Policy
(Credit: Reuters)
2
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
3. The scientific challenge:
Observing, understanding, and predicting the
behaviour of a complex system
3
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
4. There are a number of natural influences on our
climate, operating on different timescales
Examples include:
• Seasonal cycles
• Multi-annual cycles (e.g. El Niño and La
Niña which recur every few years)
• Multi-decadal cycles (e.g. the Pacific
Decadal Oscillation (PDO) which causes
shifts in the climate every 20-30 years)
• Multi-century cycles (solar cycles range from
the 11 year cycle between sunspot minima
and sunspot maxima to much longer
Milankovitch cycles related to the Earth’s
orbital parameters, most obviously seen in
the 100,000 year ice age cycles)
(Credit: Met Office)
4
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
5. Ice core records show a close correlation between
past trends in atmospheric CO2 and temperature
(Credit: BAS)
(Credit: BAS)
Ice core records of temperature change in Antarctica and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations over the 800,000 years prior to the
start of the Twentieth Century (source: graphs NOAA, NCDC, and pictures of ice cores courtesy of Eric Wolff, Cambs)
5
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
6. Recent levels of atmospheric CO2 are higher
than at any time in the past 800,000 years
Records of atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the past 800,000 years, including the Twentieth
Century (source: NOAA, NCDC)
6
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
7. In a warming world we would expect to see
consistent trends across the climate system
Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (2013)
7
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
8. Climate observations show clear trends
Inter-Governmental Panel
on Climate Change (2013)
8
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
9. The Inter-Governmental Panel on
Climate Change report on The
Physical Science Basis of Climate
Change recently concluded that
human emissions were the dominant
cause of warming since the midTwentieth Century
Global surface temperature anomalies from 1870 to 2010 and the natural
(solar, volcanic and internal (here related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation))
and anthropogenic factors (a warming component from greenhouse gases and
cooling component from most aerosols) that influence them (InterGovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013)
9
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
10. There is increasing confidence that human
emissions are increasing the risk of some types of
extreme events
A report by UK and US scientists looking at extreme events in 2012 found that half of the
extreme events studied displayed some evidence that human induced climate change was
a contributing factor.
(Credit: Todd Heisler/New York Times)
(Credit: Glyn Baker/CC-BY-SA-2.0)
(Credit: NASA)
USA heatwave, spring 2012
Iberian drought winter 2011/12
Arctic sea ice minimum, autumn 2012
(Credit: ABC News)
(Credit: FNDC)
(Credit: US Air Force)
Australian rainfall, summer 2012
New Zealand rainfall, winter 2011
10
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
Australian rainfall, summer 2012
New Zealand rainfall, winter 2011
Inundation from Hurricane Sandy,
autumn 2012
Inundation from Hurricane Sandy, autumn 2012
11. Increased water availability in mid tropics and high latitudes
Water
Decreasing water availability and increasing drought in mid-latitudes and semi-arid
low latitudes
0.4 – 1.7 billion
1.0 – 2.0 billion
1.1 – 3.2 billion
Additional people with
increased water stress
Increasing
amphibian
extinction
Ecosystems
About 20 – 30% species at
increasingly high risk of
extinction
Increased coral bleaching
Most corals bleached
Increased species range
shifts and wildfire risk
Low latitudes
Food
Crop
productivity
Major extinctions around the
globe
Widespread coral mortality
Terrestrial biosphere tends towards a net carbon
source as:
~40% of ecosystems
~15%
affected
Decreases for
some cereals
All cereals decrease
Increases for
some cereals
Decreases in some
regions
Mid to high latitudes
1°C
2°C
3°C
Temperature above pre-industrial
4°C
5°C
Adapted from IPCC AR4 (2007)
12. Increased damage from floods and storms
Coast
About 30% loss of
coastal wetlands
Additional
people at risk
of coastal
flooding each
year
0 – 3 million
2 – 15 million
Increasing burden from malnutrition, diarrhoeal, cardio-respiratory
and infectious diseases
Health
Increased morbidity and mortality from heatwaves, floods and droughts
Changed distribution of some disease vectors
Singular
events
Local retreat of
ice in
Greenland and
West Antarctic
Substantial burden on health services
Leading to
reconfiguration
of coastlines
worldwide and
inundation of
low lying areas
Long term
commitment to
several metres of
sea level rise due to
ice sheet loss
Ecosystem changes due to weakening of the
Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation
1°C
2°C
3°C
Temperature above pre-industrial
4°C
5°C
Adapted from IPCC AR4 (2007)
13. Future temperature rise depends on cumulative
emissions
Source: Met Office, 2013 (adapted from IPCC AR5 (2013))
13 The findings of the IPCC and implications for science and technology in support of climate change and energy policy
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
15. There is scientific consensus that the climate is
changing, but the public is divided
As far as you know, do you personally think that the world’s climate is changing? (in %)
Concern about climate change (in %)
Possible Explanations
• Global economic downturn
• Sceptic voices in the media
• Increasing climate fatigue
Source: Poortinga et al (2013)
15
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
16. Communicating complex information is
challenging
Excellent in one context, challenging in public engagement!
Switch off words….
Mitigation/adaptation, Discount rate, pH, Gigatonnes, Petagrams, Billion tonnes (of
carbon, carbon dioxide), PPM, eqCO2, Attribution, Negative emissions, Climate
sensitivity, Anthropogenic, Multi-decadal oscillation, Datasets, Urban heat island...
17. Visualisation is also a challenge
There are some very big
numbers involved...
Estimated global carbon emissions in 2012
(from fossil fuels and cement production)
close to 10 GtC
...and some very small ones
Annual global average sea level rise
~3mm yr-1
(Credit: Reuters)
17
Climate and Climate Change: for Science andScience and Policy
Energy Change: Challenges Challenges for Policy
19. Carbon dioxide emissions from human activities
continue to rise
Fossil fuel
and cement
CO2
emissions
(GtC yr-1)
Annual CO2 emissions from human activities, estimated by the Carbon Dioxide
Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) (from IPCC, 2013)
19
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
21. The UK currently produces less than 2% of global
emissions
<2%
Tonnes
CO2 per
capita
Source: The Carbon Map
21
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges forfor Science and Policy
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges Science and Policy
22. But looking at historical emissions tells a
different story
~6%
Tonnes
CO2 per
capita
Source: The Carbon Map
22
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges forfor Science and Policy
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges Science and Policy
23. What are the policy responses?
Mitigate
(Credit: Harvey McDaniel)
Adapt
(Credit: iStockphoto)
Suffer
(Credit: Reuters)
23
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
24. What do policy makers need to understand?
What are the consequences of
unmitigated climate change?
(Credit: Capt'Gorgeous/
CC-BY-2.0)
What do the public think?
(Credit: TckTckTck)
What are the existing, and new,
technological opportunities?
(Credit: efergy)
24
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges forfor Science and Policy
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges Science and Policy
25. A number of key
national risks can be
expected to increase in
likelihood and impact as
a result of climate
change
25
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
26. More extreme weather could impact on the global
supply and price of commodities
FAO Food Price Index
The record-breaking heat
wave and drought in Russia
in 2010 caused extensive
wildfires, thousands of
deaths, and grain harvest
was reduced by 30%.
There were restrictions on
grain exports and the global
wheat price rose rapidly.
26
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
27. Risks from climate disruption in other parts of the
world may be just as significant for the UK
• The UK is part of a highly interdependent global economic system: Direct investment
abroad by UK companies (in 2011) stood at £1.1 trillion. The total level of direct
investment in the UK by overseas companies at the end of 2011 was estimated at £766
billion.
• Climate disruption will impact on UK overseas interests, and the flow of natural resources
and commodities to the UK
• UK business has strengths and skills that will help with mitigation and adaptation
activities overseas, if opportunities are taken.
27
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
28. The policy challenge: Viewing difficult issues
through lenses
(Credit: Thomas Shahan/CC BY-NC-ND-2.0)
Parkhill et al, Transforming the Energy System – Public Values, Attitudes and Acceptability, 2013 (UKERC)
28 Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy and Policy
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science
29. Energy policy needs to take account of public
values
Reducing the use of
finite resources
Avoiding waste
Efficient
Reducing overall
levels of energy use
Environmental
protection
Availability and Affordability
Reliability
Naturalness and
Capturing opportunities
Nature
Social Justice
Fairness, Honesty &
Transparency
Long-term
trajectories
Safety
Autonomy and Freedom
Interconnected
Improvement and quality
29
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
Choice and Control
(Source: Cardiff University, 2013)
30. De-carbonisation can bring many co-benefits
•
Energy security
•
Reduced pollution
•
Improved health outcomes
•
Reduced fossil fuel import
bills
•
Reduced risk of energyrelated water stress
•
Community benefits
(Credit: AP)
(Credit: PD)
30
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges forfor Science and Policy
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges Science and Policy
32. There are different possible scenarios which meet the
UK’s legislated emissions reduction targets
Cost optimised
Higher renewables; more efficient
Higher nuclear; less efficient
Higher CCS; more bioenergy
Energy saving
per capita
Electricity
Demand
Energy saving
per capita
Electricity
Demand
50% reduction
470 TWh
54% reduction
530 TWh
31% reduction
610 TWh
43% reduction
490 TWh
33 GW nuclear
18 GW wind
28 GW CCS
27 GW other renew
33 GW gas
16 GW nuclear
82 GW wind
13 GW CCS
14 GW solar
10 GW marine
24 GW back-up gas
75 GW nuclear
20 GW wind
2 GW CCS
2 GW hydro
11 GW back-up gas
Heating mix of heat
pumps, resistive heat,
biomass pellets,
district heat
7.7m SWIs, 8.8m
CWIs, 100% houselevel heating
systems
5.6m SWIs, 6.9m
CWIs, 90% house-level
heating systems, 10%
network-level
5.6m SWIs, 6.9m
CWIs, 50% houselevel heating systems,
50% network-level
75% ULEVs, unclear
on modal shift
100% ULEVs, high
modal shift
80% ULEVs, 20%
ICEs, low modal
shift
65% ULEVs, 35%
ICEs, medium
modal shift
Medium growth,
over half of
emissions captured
by CCS
Medium growth,
48% of emissions
captured by CCS
Medium growth, 0%
of emissions
captured by CCS
Medium growth,
48% of emissions
captured by CCS
~350 TWh of
bioenergy, low
ambition on land
mgmt
181 TWh of
bioenergy, low
ambition on land
mgmt
461 TWh of
bioenergy, high
ambition on land
mgmt
471 TWh of
bioenergy, medium
ambition on land
mgmt
Bio energy
/ land use
Electricity
Electricity
Demand
Buildings
Energy saving
per capita
Transport
Electricity
Demand
Industry
Energy saving
per capita
CO2
20 GW nuclear
34 GW wind
40 GW CCS
2 GW hydro
No back-up gas
33. Meeting any one of these scenarios presents
challenges
90.00
80.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
DECC Energy Trends 2013
GW
60.00
~10GW
5,545 turbines
higher renewables
scenario
Installed: ~10GW
33
NUCLEAR
~10GW
9 plants
higher nuclear
scenario
Installed: ~10GW
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
Digest of United Kingdom
energy statistics 2013
70.00
Digest of United Kingdom energy statistics 2013
WIND
CCS
CO2
higher CCS
scenario
Installed: 0GW
34. Do we need another Apollo or Manhattan project?
• The challenge is at
least as great
• Major projects are
required, with funding
on a large scale
(Credit: PD)
•
However, both had a well-defined
single, technological objective
•
The objective now is a planetary
one and no single roadmap can
be drawn
•
(Credit: NASA)
Need to take the best elements of the approach
taken in these projects and apply them to a more
complex scenario
34
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges forfor Science and Policy
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges Science and Policy
(Credit: NASA)
35. Challenges and opportunities: high nuclear
scenario
Challenges
Opportunities
High nuclear scenario
requires 75 GW nuclear online by 2050 – more that
seven times the current
capacity
The UK is already a
world leader in fusion
technologies, and could
be at the forefront of
developing other new
technologies
Requires:
• new sites
• storage solutions
• new technologies
(Credit: Stacey Peak Media)
35
Energy change: science to policy issues
Climate and Climate Change: Challenges forfor Science and Policy
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges Science and Policy
36. Challenges and opportunities: high renewables /
high efficiency scenario
Challenges
Renewable
technologies need to
be cheaper
Scale of wind
deployment a real
challenge – 82GW is
over 16,000 5MW
turbines
Opportunities
Energy efficiency can be a
win-win, reducing demand =
lower emissions and lower
fuel bills
Take up of electric
vehicles is low at
present. Needs
considerable new
supporting
infrastructure
High export potential – UK
is at the forefront of
research in a number of
areas, including innovation
in wind turbines and next
generation solar
Requires significant
behaviour change
(Credit: edupic)
36
Energy change: science to policy issues
Climate and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
37. Challenges and opportunities: high CCS / high
bioenergy scenario
Challenges
Opportunities
Full scale CCS remains
unproven so far
CCS of global interest,
allows fossil fuels to
continue as part of the
energy mix – high
export potential
Land use and sustainability
concerns relating to high
bioenergy scenario
UK is one of the first
countries with a full
scale test planned potential first-mover
advantage
Bioenergy and CCS
together could actually
reduce net emissions
(Credit: Bellona)
37
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
38. Which ever policy options are adopted there will
be a cost, whether now or later….what price a
grandchild?
(Credit: RoHerreraP/CC-BY-2.0)
38
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policy
39. @uksciencechief
www.bis.gov.uk/go-science
Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. We apologise for any
errors or omissions in the included attributions and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future versions of
this slide set. We can be contacted through enquiries@bis.gsi.gov.uk .
Editor's Notes
{"15":"From a working paper on summary findings from a survey from March 2013 on public attitudes to nuclear energy and climate change two years after Fukushima, conducted for the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) \n"}