The Roman Empire conquered vast territories including Greece, blending Greek culture with Roman culture to form Greco-Roman classical civilization. Rome adopted Greek artistic and literary forms like sculpture, mosaics, painting, philosophy, and epic literature but adapted them to reflect Roman ideals of strength, permanence, and solidity. Roman contributions such as its system of law, architecture using arches and concrete, and Latin-derived languages have had an enduring global influence even after the fall of Rome.

1. Cultural Blending Roman Empire tied hundreds of territories together 146 B.C. Rome conquered Greece Adopted Greek ways Greek, Hellenistic & Roman culture combined into Greco-Roman culture aka classical civilization Rome Greece

2. Adapting Greek Ways Took Greek and Hellenistic models & made them their own Roman art and literature began representing the ideals of: STRENGTH PERMANENCE SOLIDITY

3. Fine Arts - Sculpture Realistic Made of stone Practical purpose Intended for educating Developed bas-relief sculpture Images projecting from flat background Subjects: landscapes, crowds, battle scenes Told stories

6. Fine Arts - Mosaics Designs or pictures made by setting small pieces of stone, glass or tile onto a surface Common in wealthy Roman homes

7. Fine Arts - Painting Frescoes Large murals Painted on plaster Colorful Very few surviving paintings Most remaining found in Pompeii Preserved by ash from Mt. Vesuvius eruption

9. Philosophy and Literature Adopted much of Greek philosophy Stoicism popular because of its emphasis: Virtue Duty Moderation Endurance

10. Literature Followed Greek literary forms and models Ex: epic Used own themes and ideas Ovid Light, funny poet Amores Written for enjoyment Virgil Wrote the Aeneid Modeled off Homer’s epics Praised Roman virtues and government Seriousness of Roman character

12. Historians Livy Wrote multivolume history of Rome from its beginning to 9 B.C. Incorporated legends, created national myth Tacitus Famous for presenting facts accurately Wrote about the good and bad in the Roman Empire Criticized immoral leaders Ex: Nero

13. Rome’s Lasting Legacy Language = Latin Official language of Roman Catholic Church til 20th century French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian derived from Latin “ Roman ce languages”

14. Architecture Architectural marvel Arches Domes Built w/ concrete Used arches to support bridges and aquaducts Aquaducts = carried water

21. Roman System of Law Most widespread, lasting contribution Romans came to believe laws should be fair & equal to all (rich and poor) Judges began to recognize set standards for justice Influenced by Stoicism Based on common sense

22. Roman System of Law Most important principals: All have right to equal treatment under law Innocent until proven guilty Accuser must provide proof, not the accused People should only be punishable for actions Not thoughts Unreasonable, extremely unfair laws can be set aside Basis of legal systems in Europe, USA, etc.

23. Rome’s Lasting Influence Continued, added Greek civilization Strong cultural tradition Left an enduring legacy even after fall of Rome

24. For Next Class… Benchmark Review Sheet Terms DUE Brainstorm for “When in Rome” project