Rome Legacy
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The Roman Empire conquered vast territories including Greece, blending Greek culture with Roman culture to form Greco-Roman classical civilization. Rome adopted Greek artistic and literary forms like sculpture, mosaics, painting, philosophy, and epic literature but adapted them to reflect Roman ideals of strength, permanence, and solidity. Roman contributions such as its system of law, architecture using arches and concrete, and Latin-derived languages have had an enduring global influence even after the fall of Rome.
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- The origins of Rome and the legend of Romulus and Remus.
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The Byzantine Empire was the eastern half of the Roman Empire that continued after the western half fell into the Dark Ages, with its capital at Constantinople instead of Rome and Greek as the dominant language rather than Latin. While similar in being based on Roman laws and culture, the Byzantine Empire differed in following Eastern Orthodox Christianity and lasted over 1000 years until 1453. The Byzantine Empire played an important role in preserving classical Greek and Roman knowledge and influenced neighboring civilizations like Kievan Rus through religion, trade, and cultural diffusion.
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This document provides an overview of Roman civilization from its mythical origins through the establishment of the Roman Republic. Some key points:
- Romans traced their origins to the Trojan hero Aeneas who fled Troy and eventually settled in Italy, founding the city of Lavinium. His descendant Romulus founded Rome around 753 BC.
- Rome was initially ruled by seven kings before establishing a republic in 509 BC after the overthrow of the last king, Tarquinius Superbus.
- The Roman Republic expanded across the Italian peninsula through the 3rd century BC, bringing them into conflict with Carthage in the Punic Wars. Hannibal inflicted major defeats on Rome during the Second Punic
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Ancient Greece developed between 1750 BCE to 133 BCE, beginning with early civilizations like the Minoans and Mycenaeans. The Minoans built the Palace at Knossos on Crete around 1750 BCE and were skilled traders, while the Mycenaeans established cities on the Greek mainland from around 1400 BCE. Homer's epic poems like the Iliad told stories of Greek mythology and history, such as the Trojan War. Ancient Greeks worshipped anthropomorphic gods like Zeus, Hera, and Poseidon who lived on Mount Olympus and were often depicted in myths influencing human conflicts and events.
Roman civilization
The early Roman civilization developed over three major periods - the Roman Monarchy, Republic, and Empire. During the Monarchy, Rome was ruled by kings and had a senate of nobles and two main social classes, patricians and plebeians. The Republic saw the rise of consuls, a stronger senate, and the plebeians gaining more rights. The Empire began when Augustus Caesar rose to power, transforming Rome into a vast empire with an autocratic government stretched across Europe and around the Mediterranean. Roman innovations included advanced architecture like aqueducts and domes, roads and infrastructure, as well as baths, art, literature, and an urban grid plan model for cities.
Roman empire
Rome was founded in 753 BC according to legend. Over the next few centuries, Rome was ruled by seven kings and experienced significant growth. The city was situated on seven hills along the Tiber River and had a Mediterranean climate. Around 500 BC, Rome transitioned to a republic as the Etruscan kings were overthrown. Over the following centuries, Rome expanded its territory through military conquests, defeating enemies like the Carthaginians and establishing its dominance over the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean region.
Ancient Persia
Persia emerged as a powerful civilization that was successful in many aspects including religion, technology, government, and adapting to its geography. It expanded greatly through conquest under rulers like Cyrus, Cambyses, and Darius, establishing a vast empire through military victories and an effective provincial system. Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion that influenced later faiths with concepts of heaven, hell, and judgment.
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The roman civilization
Rome was located in Italy on seven hills along the Tiber River. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus. Over centuries, Rome grew from a monarchy to a republic to a vast empire, reaching its peak under Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century AD. The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD due to factors like corruption, civil wars, attacks from barbarian tribes, and overexpansion. The Roman army was a formidable force due to its discipline, tactics, and technology. Rome had a pantheon of major gods like Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, and Mars as well as many other deities.
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The document provides information about Roman architecture and some key structures from ancient Rome. It discusses the typical layout of Roman cities, with two main streets intersecting at the central forum. It then focuses on the famous Pantheon building, describing its dome structure and how it was one of the most preserved and influential buildings from ancient Rome. The summary concludes by noting that the Pantheon's dome structure was an engineering marvel for its time.
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The document provides an overview of Roman architecture and design from 117 AD to the 4th century AD. It discusses the Roman Empire and use of Latin as the dominant language. It then covers various aspects of Roman architecture such as building typology (e.g. basilicas, theaters), materials used (e.g. concrete, tiles), orders (Tuscan, Composite), structures (e.g. aqueducts, forums), and interior designs (e.g. mosaics, wall paintings). The document concludes with descriptions of important sites like the Colosseum in Rome.
Roman Art/Design
The Romans made many contributions to art and design, especially architecture. They copied Greek and Etruscan styles and advanced masonry techniques to create grand structures like the Colosseum, an amphitheater in Rome that could hold 50,000 people. Roman art also included painting scenes from everyday life and mythology, as well as sculptures that excelled at portraiture and narrative relief scenes. Coins and medallions produced by Romans provide valuable historical information through their iconography and inscriptions.
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The Romans originated in the city of Rome founded by Romulus and Remus on seven hills along the Tiber River. Rome transitioned from a monarchy to a republic and then an empire under Augustus Caesar. As an empire, Rome expanded across Western Europe and the Mediterranean through its powerful military. Roman society was divided into patricians, plebeians, and slaves. The Romans made advancements in architecture, constructing buildings like aqueducts, amphitheaters, and roads. Roman culture also flourished through sculptures, mosaics, and arts often inspired by Greek designs. Eventually, the Roman Empire declined due to economic troubles, overexpansion, and invasions by Germanic tribes.
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Rome began as a small settlement along the Tiber River in Italy, founded by the Latins in the 8th century BC. It later grew into a large republic and then a powerful empire that came to dominate the Mediterranean world. Key events in Rome's rise included its defeat of neighboring Etruscan and Greek cities, the establishment of a republican government with elected consuls and assemblies, and a period of expansion through military conquests across Italy and the Mediterranean region over centuries. Rome's power was further consolidated under the Roman Empire, and it developed a lasting culture that emphasized citizenship, law, engineering, and Latin literature.
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The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. It details how Rome grew to become the most powerful empire in Europe through its strong military, establishment of Roman law and democratic republic, and spread of Latin and Roman infrastructure across its territories. However, over time the empire declined due to invasions from outside groups, the rise of a new religion in Christianity, economic troubles, and political instability. This led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, marking the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe.
PrenticeHallRome.ppt
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England And France Develop
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Editor's Notes
- Romans freely borrowed and changed various elements of different cultures. Last time we talked about how diverse Rome, today we will find out how they all combined into one. And how they left their imprint on the world. The biggest influence on Rome came from none other than Greece! Rome certainly defined their own way of governing, but they borrowed the Greeks leadership in art, architecture, literature and philosophy. In 146 B.C. Rome conquered Greece. But Horace, who was a Roman poet said that, “Greece, once overcame, overcame her wild conquerer.” Romans admired Greek culture. Wealthy Romans learned Greek language for example. It was highly praised. The blending on Hellenistic, Greek and Roman cutlure became known as Greco-Roman culture or classical civilizations.