This document provides guidelines for citing sources and referencing material according to APA style. It defines plagiarism and the importance of referencing, and outlines how to properly cite sources in both the text and in a reference list, including for electronic sources. The document also discusses referencing principles, in-text citations, reference list formatting, and citing sources without full information.
Here I am sharing my presentation of
Research Skills : Documentation & Fundamentals of Literary Research. Subject of presentation is 'The importance of Citation'
Broadly, a citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears.
Generally the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not).
References to single, machine-readable assertions in electronic scientific articles are known as nano-publications, a form of micro-attribution. Citation has several important purposes: to uphold intellectual honesty (or avoiding plagiarism), to attribute prior or unoriginal work and ideas to the correct sources, to allow the reader to determine independently whether the referenced material supports the author's argument in the claimed way, and to help the reader gauge the strength and validity of the material the author has used.
Did you know that Microsoft Word has an referencing facility. Its so easy to use too. Watch the slide show to learn how to use this neat tool.
Don't forget to check out our website at www.thegrovelibrary.net
In this referencing style, we shall discuss especially about “APA” format of the referencing style.
A citation tells the readers where the information came from. A reference gives the readers details about the source so that they have a good understanding of what kind of source it is and could find the source themselves if necessary.
Citations occur in the body of the text with direct quotes and paraphrases to identify the author/publication for the material you have used. a "citation" is the brief, often parenthetical information in the body of a work/paper/article.
Reading List and source:
https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/referencelist
https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing?b=g&d=a&group_id=15017
https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/all
https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12108&p=64730
Here I am sharing my presentation of
Research Skills : Documentation & Fundamentals of Literary Research. Subject of presentation is 'The importance of Citation'
Broadly, a citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears.
Generally the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not).
References to single, machine-readable assertions in electronic scientific articles are known as nano-publications, a form of micro-attribution. Citation has several important purposes: to uphold intellectual honesty (or avoiding plagiarism), to attribute prior or unoriginal work and ideas to the correct sources, to allow the reader to determine independently whether the referenced material supports the author's argument in the claimed way, and to help the reader gauge the strength and validity of the material the author has used.
Did you know that Microsoft Word has an referencing facility. Its so easy to use too. Watch the slide show to learn how to use this neat tool.
Don't forget to check out our website at www.thegrovelibrary.net
In this referencing style, we shall discuss especially about “APA” format of the referencing style.
A citation tells the readers where the information came from. A reference gives the readers details about the source so that they have a good understanding of what kind of source it is and could find the source themselves if necessary.
Citations occur in the body of the text with direct quotes and paraphrases to identify the author/publication for the material you have used. a "citation" is the brief, often parenthetical information in the body of a work/paper/article.
Reading List and source:
https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/referencelist
https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing?b=g&d=a&group_id=15017
https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/all
https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12108&p=64730
Writing A Research Report Part-2 Referencing.pptxShrutiMahanta1
Meaning and Purposes of Referencing in Research, Different Referencing Styles, Use of abbreviations, footnotes and bibliography. Guidelines for using abbreviations, Examples of Abbreviation and Footnote. Examples of different referencing styles or format
Appendix JENG102 Version 41Associate Level MaterialAppe.docxrossskuddershamus
Appendix J
ENG/102 Version 4
1
Associate Level Material
Appendix J
Quoting, Summarizing, and Paraphrasing Sources
Summarize:
· Be brief.
· Reflect key facts or ideas.
· Help readers understand context.
· Do not insert personal views.
· Write in your own words, except for quotations.
· Create an APA-formatted parenthetical citation for this summary.
· Insert the APA article reference.
<Insert full article summary.>
<Insert APA article reference.>
Paraphrase:
· Use details.
· Reflect the structure of the source.
· Reflect the ideas of the original author.
· Do not insert personal views.
· Write in your own words, except for quotations.
· Create an APA-formatted parenthetical citation for this paraphrase.
· Insert the APA article reference.
<Insert full article paraphrase.>
<Insert APA article reference.>
Quote:
· Choose a well-stated key idea.
· Use a verb of attribution to introduce the quotation; for example, He claimed, She reported,theyassert).
· Punctuate correctly.
· Create an APA-formatted parenthetical citation for this quotation.
· Insert the APA article reference.
<Quote the article in a sentence.>
<Insert APA article reference.>
Answer the following questions in 150 to 200 words:
· How do you determine which information is noteworthy?
· How do you determine whether to summarize, paraphrase, or quote a source?
Appendix H
ENG/102 Version 4
1
Associate Level Material
Appendix H
Appropriate Style Guidelines
A central aspect of the Teaching-Learning Model at University of Phoenix is the degree of emphasis placed on written and verbal communication skills. To succeed in your college courses and in your chosen profession, you must be able to communicate in a clear, concise, and correct manner.
Universities and colleges normally require a standardized format for written communication. By adopting one style for all writing assignments, instructors are able to assess content and apply the same evaluation techniques to all students’ papers in a consistent manner. Following a formal style also adds credibility and validity to your writing: It will be much easier for your readers to follow the flow of your ideas and to locate information in your paper.
Academic Honesty
Additionally, you must apply consistent style guidelines to credit your sources, which helps you to avoid plagiarizing the work of other authors and to maintain academic honesty. Academic honesty is highly valued at the university—so highly valued, in fact, that the following passage explaining the importance of academic honesty is included in the syllabus for every course:
University of Phoenix students utilize university resources with honesty and integrity. These resources include, but are not limited to, the online library, online consultation with faculty, and registration systems. In addition to truthful representation in these areas, students must acknowledge references from original works, avoid plagiarism, and use writing and.
Referencing is an essential aspect of academic and scholarly writing that ensures proper attribution of sources, demonstrates research integrity, and helps readers find the materials used to support the writer's arguments. Referencing is the practice of acknowledging the sources of information used in a piece of academic or scholarly work. When conducting research, writers often consult various books, articles, websites, and other materials to gather information and support their arguments.
Why Referencing?
Giving Credit to Original Authors: Referencing allows writers to acknowledge and give credit to the original authors or creators of the information, ideas, or quotes used in their work. It demonstrates academic integrity and ethical research practices by recognizing the contributions of others.
Allowing Verification and Further Exploration
Avoiding Plagiarism
Demonstrating Extensive Research
Following Academic Standards: Different academic disciplines and institutions often have specific referencing styles they prefer (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
What is Citation?
Citations can appear as in-text citations, which are brief references within the body of the paper, or as footnotes/endnotes, depending on the citation style being used. In-text citations are more common and are typically used in styles like APA (American Psychological Association) and MLA (Modern Language Association).
When a writer includes a citation in their work, they are essentially pointing readers to the exact source from which the information was obtained. This is typically done by mentioning the author's name, publication year, and, if applicable, page numbers.
Citation, in the context of academic or scholarly writing, refers to the act of providing a reference or acknowledgment within the text to indicate the source of specific information, ideas, or quotes used in the paper. Citations are used to give credit to the original authors or creators of the information being used and to allow readers to locate the full reference in the bibliography or reference list.
Popular Referencing Styles
There are different referencing styles, such as APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), Chicago, Harvard, and others. Each style has its own specific format and guidelines for citing different types of sources, including books, journals, websites, interviews, and more. These styles dictate how to present the author's name, publication year, title, publisher, page numbers, and other relevant details in a consistent and standardized manner.
What is APA Style:
The American Psychological Association (APA) introduced the seventh edition of its Publication Manual in 2019, which brought some changes and updates to the citation and referencing guidelines. Here are examples of how to format references in APA style for various types of educational research sources according to the seventh edition:
Examples of APA Styles
Reference entry for a journal article: John
This presentation is about citing articles in journals in the research papers in different reference styles like APA Style, Chicago Style, Harvard Style, MLA Style etc.
Page 1 of 25 This brief guide is primarily for s.docxkarlhennesey
Page 1 of 25
This brief guide is primarily for students doing assignments at Curtin University; not for those using the APA 6th style for
publishing. If you are publishing in the APA 6th style, please consult the APA publication manual:
American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).
Washington, DC: Author.
It is important that you check the assignment guide of your department or school as some details, such as punctuation,
may vary from guidelines provided in this guide. You may be penalised for not conforming to your School’s requirements.
All referencing queries should be addressed to the appropriate lecturer or supervisor.
Guide Contents:
Using this guide
About APA referencing
In-text citations explained
Quoting (less than 40 words)
Quoting (more than 40 words)
Paraphrasing
Multiple sources for the same
information
Multiple works by the same
author(s)
Different authors, same
surname
Authors citing other authors
Author variations
No author
1 – 2 authors
3 – 5 authors
6 – 7 authors
8 or more authors
Corporate authors
Reference components
Tables and figures (including
images) – see the separate APA
6th Referencing Tables and
Figures guide
Page
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
Reference list examples
Journal & news articles
Journal article
Journal article – Advance
online publication
Journal article – supplement
Newspaper or Magazine
article
Press release
Cochrane systematic
review
Health Resources
AMH
Martindale
MIMS drug database
UpToDate
Books
Book
eBook
Chapter in an edited print
book
Chapter in an edited eBook
Conference paper
Thesis
Book review
Dictionary or Encyclopedia
Page
10
10
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
Reference list examples
Internet and Social media
Webpage
Entire website
Wikipedia
Blog post and comment
Video on the Internet (e.g.
YouTube)
Lecture
Podcast
Facebook
Instagram
Twitter
Nongovernment report
Government sources
Government report
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Act of Parliament
Case
Creative works
DVD and Film
TV programs
Other sources
Standard
Brochure, fact sheet or
pamphlet
Personal communication
Dataset
Page
17
17
18
1 ...
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Lesson Outline
Understand the concept of plagiarism and how to avoid it.
Understand the purpose of using a referencing system.
Understand what reference information to identify and how to
correctly implement it into a text.
Understand how to write a list of references.
3. Avoiding Plagiarism
Plagiarism is presenting someone else’s words, ideas, research and/or work as
your own.
• Can be intentional, as when a student copies another student’s work or copies context
from another source.
• Can sometimes be unintentional, as when students use a writer’s words or ideas
proper acknowledgement or simply copy something that has been published without
adding anything of their own.
• Is regarded as a form of cheating; therefore, it is treated very seriously by teachers and
examiners.
• In order to avoid plagiarism, you must distinguish between your own words and words that
you are summarizing or quoting from a source.
4. What is the purpose of referencing?
For the author of the original source
It is a courtesy to those whose
work you have used or drawn
upon to give them proper
acknowledgement.
For the reader
It provides transparency about
where your ideas and evidence
were drawn from.
It enables your reader to find the
source quickly and easily.
Readers can go to your source to
check accuracy of your use or
interpretation.
The advantages to you
It strengthens your argument if it is well
researched and draws on the authority of
reputable sources.
You will be better able to recall where your
ideas come from, either if you wish to use
those sources in the future, or if the
integrity of your work were to be
questioned.
As a student, there is the added advantage
of demonstrating that you have engaged in
the background reading, as expected.
For students, it is a convention that you are
required to follow or there are severe
penalties.
5. Referencing
You don’t reference...
Common knowledge (names, dates, and
well established facts)
Conversations with friends and students,
unless these are formally conducted as
part of an agreed research methodology.
Other students’ essays or academic work,
as you should not use these for your own
work.
It is not necessary to memorize ALL of the APA
Guidelines, but it is necessary to accurately
follow them!
Referencing simply comes down to following a
specific set of guidelines, which in your case is
APA Style. The APA website provides
information on how to reference sources
(www.apastyle.org).
APA (American Psychological
Association)
social sciences
Chicago Manual of Style history, economics
Bluebook law
MLA (Modern Language Association) humanities, languages
ACS (American Chemical Society) chemistry
Harvard higher education
6. Referencing
Two aspects involved in referencing:
In-text citations
• How you reference sources within the text of your
assignment
Reference list
• The list of references mentioned in the text
• This goes at the end of your assignment
7. In-text Citations
General Principle
Note the author’s family name or names and year of publication
Examples:
Sutton (2000) noted that …
The research showed that … (Sutton, 2000).
Marshall and Rowland (1993) found that …
The research suggested that … (Marshall & Rowland, 1993).
8. Guide to Authors’ Surnames
• citation: Eden, date
• reference: Eden, L.
Lorraine Eden
• citation: Guler, date
• reference: Guler, I.
Isin Guler
• citation: Schulze-Bentrop, date
• reference: Schulze-Bentrop, C.
Conrad Schulze-Bentrop
• citation: van Witteloostuijn,
date
• reference: van Witteloostuijn, A.
Arjen van
Witteloostuijn
• citation: Senbet, date
• reference: Senbet, L.W.
Lemma W. Senbet
• citation: Chen, date
• reference: Chen, J.
Jin Chen
• citation: Kamal Nor, date
• reference: Kamal Nor, N.
Norazlin Kamal Nor
• citation: Kuar, date
• reference: Kuar, S.
Sarjit Kaur
9. Three to Five Authors
List all the authors when they are first mentioned
Jones, Smith, Sutton, Gregory, and Lock (2011) stated …
The research showed that … (Jones, Smith, Sutton, Gregory, & Lock, 2011).
For subsequent citations, et al. can be used
Jones et al. (2011) mentioned that…
The research found … (Jones et al., 2011).
Use et al. even for the first citation if 6 or more authors
10. Organizations
State the full name and abbreviation for first citation
State only abbreviation for subsequent citations
First citation:
The British Psychological Society (BPS, 2011) said …
They note that … (British Psychological Society [BPS], 2011).
Subsequent citations:
The BPS (2011) said …
They note that … (BPS, 2011).
11. Missing information
Author is missing
Use the title of the publication in italics, or
title of the article within quotation marks
Date is missing
Use n.d. meaning no date e.g. Smith (n.d.)
Author and date is missing
Use title and n.d.
12. Additional Points
Two or more authors in brackets
List alphabetically and divide by semi-colon
(Jones, 2000; Sutton, 2001)
Two authors with same family name
Add the initial to distinguish them
P. Jones (2000) and J. Jones (2001)
Same author with two publications in the same year
Add suffix a and b to distinguish them
Jones (2001a) and Jones (2001b)
13. Primary vs. Secondary Sources
Primary Source is a source you have actually read
Secondary Source is a source you read about in another source and
have not read the original
How to show secondary sources:
Locke (1977, as cited in Sutton, 2000, p. 27) stated that…
The research showed that …. (Locke, 1977, as cited in Sutton, 2000, p. 27).
Only list Sutton (2000) in the Reference list
14. Reference List
Must list all sources mentioned in text
Must be alphabetical
Format must be consistent – e.g. commas, full stops, italics, capital letters
Must follow APA guidelines
15. Citing Electronic Sources
Template
Author, A. (date). Title of document [Format description].
Retrieved month day, year, from http://xxxxxxxxx
Lee, C. (2011). Writing in-text citations in APA style [Blog
post]. Retrieved from
http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/01/writing-in-text-
citations-in-apa-style.html
16. Citing Electronic Sources
Online journal
Marsh, E. J., & Sink, H. E. (2010). Access to handouts of
presentation slides during lecture: Consequences for
learning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24, 691–706.
Retrieved on 24 April 2014 from
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ 10.1002/acp.1579/full
Online newspaper
Miwil, O. (2012, June 23). Recycling boxes misused as
garbage bins. New Straits Times. Retrieved on 20 April 2014
from http://www.nst.com.my/streets/ central/recycling-
boxes-misused-as-garbage-bins-1.97311
17. How to cite sources
Much of your research will likely come from internet sources.
Cite a commercial document from a website in the same way as a printed
document i.e. author and date.
Missing information is shown in same way as a printed source
Author and date: (Jones, 2007)
Author, no date: (Smith, n.d.)
No author (title of article), date: (The Joy of Vietnamese Life, 1998)
No author (title of article), no date: (The Rocky Road to Marriage, n.d.)
