This document summarizes a workshop on APA and MLA citations. It defines what citations are, explains why they are important to avoid plagiarism, and outlines the key components of citations, including in-text citations and reference pages. The document provides examples of citing direct quotations, paraphrases, and full reference list entries in both MLA and APA styles. It emphasizes that citations allow readers to locate sources and that both in-text citations and reference list entries are necessary to properly attribute others' work.

1. Citations Workshop
APA & MLA
Heather Cook
hcook@caldwell.edu

2. What are Citations?
• Citations help you avoid plagiarism.
• Plagiarism is the using of other’s ideas without giving
credit.
• Plagiarism = stealing
• Plagiarism will result in severe consequences
according to the Caldwell College Academic Integrity
Policy
• Citations help your reader find the sources you
referenced in your paper

3. Academic Integrity Policy
“VIOLATIONS OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
Academic dishonesty includes but is not necessarily limited to the following:
Cheating
1. Unauthorized use of materials during tests and examinations.
2. Unauthorized possession of test or examination material prior to the administration
of same.
3. Altering assigned grades.
4. Submitting, as one’s own work, assignments (for example, papers, data, computer
assignments, or artistic works) obtained in whole or in part from another, unless
specifically authorized to do so by the instructor.
Fabricating
Inventing data or other information to reach a desired conclusion.
Plagiarism
The unacknowledged, undocumented presentation of words or ideas which are the
intellectual property of another as one’s own.
1. Direct quotation, that is, even a few of the exact words of a source, must be indicated
by the use of quotation marks or indentation of the text and be properly documented.
2. Passages which parallel the thought or expression of the source, even without using
the same words, must be properly documented.”
“Academic Integrity Policy.” Undergraduate Catalog 2013-2014. Caldwell College. Caldwell College, 2013. Web. 3 Oct. 2013.

4. Types of Citation Formats
• MLA stands for Modern Language Association.
• Who uses MLA style?
• The humanities use MLA style including: art,
literature, music, philosophy and others.
• APA stands for American Psychological Association.
• Who uses APA style?
• The social sciences use APA style including:
business, communication, education, psychology
and others.

5. 2 Part Process
• Part 1- In-text Citations
• Direct quotations or paraphrase of other
people's words in your paper from the sources
you read
• Part 2- Works Cited Page/ References Page
• List of all the sources you cited by in-text
citations in your paper
• After your paper is finished your in-text citations
should match up to your Works Cited page/
References Page

6. In-text Citations - Direct
Quotation
• Taking someone's words exactly. When you copy
someone's words exactly you must put "quotes "
around the words to show you did not write
them.
• MLA: McBride opens his novel by describing his
lack of knowledge about his mother, "As a boy, I
never knew where my mother was from - where
she was born, who her parents were" (6).
• APA: According to Howard (2007), “…children
who regularly drink soda have an increased
likelihood of overweight and obesity” (p. 74).

7. In-text Citations - Paraphrase
• Taking someone else’s words and putting
them in your own words.
• MLA- The author did not know much
about his mother growing up (McBride 6).
• APA- Obesity in children is linked to soda
consumption (Howard, 2007, p. 74).

8. In-Text Citations
• MLA form- author's last name and page number
• (McBride 6)
• According to McBride, ….(6).
• APA form- author's last name, year, and page
number
• (Howard, 2007, p. 74)
• In research conducted by Howard (2007)…(p.74).

9. Two ways to cite
• Whenever you cite something in your paper you
must provide basic information like author name
and page number (MLA and APA requirements
on previous slides).
• There are two ways to accomplish this
• Signal phrase and parentheses
• Parentheses only
• It’s a good idea to alternate these ways
throughout your paper

10. Works Cited/ References Page
• A list of all the sources you cited
• Works Cited (MLA)
• References (APA)
• Whoever reads your paper can match the
in- text citations to the corresponding
reference in your Works Cited/ References
Page.

11. Examples Works Cited/
References Page
• MLA:
• McBride, James. The Color of Water: A Black
Man's Tribute to his White Mother. New York:
Riverhead Books, 1996. Print.
• APA:
• Howard, K. R. (2007). Childhood overweight:
Parental perceptions and readiness for change.
The Journal of School Nursing, 23, 73-79.
doi:10.1037/03923-3290.24.2.133.

12. Library Resources
• Easy Bib
• Library guide to citations:
• http://libguides.caldwell.edu/citations
• Includes websites to help you cite various
types of sources and sample MLA and APA
cited papers
• Library databases and Summon will cite articles
and books you find.
• Always double check what the computer does!