This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences: Globalization has led to increased integration and interdependence in the global economy. It allows businesses to grow internationally but also impacts local economies and cultures both positively and negatively. The paragraph then presents the thesis that it will compare and contrast subject-centered and student-centered learning approaches in terms of teachers' focus, student performance and outcomes, and student-teacher relationships depending on class size.

1. Expository Essay:
Writing the Introductory
Paragraph

6. Problem solving will almost always grab your reader’s attention, especially in
an academic context.
1. Solve a problem.
Consumption of processed and convenience foods and our dependence on the car have led to an
increase in obesity and reduction in the fitness level of the adult population.

8. For an essay about perseverance

9. For an essay about success and failure

10. For an essay about bullying

11. For an essay about courage

12. For an essay about marriage

13. Facts can quickly interest readers and make them want to read more. Try to think of an
interesting/shocking/weird fact about your topic.
“Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara
Yuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom
Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Piman Awatan Sathit
Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit.” Yes, that’s the complete
Thai name of Bangkok and has been listed as the longest
name for a place in the Guinness Book of World Records.

14. Acknowledge what others have said on the subject.
Other people suggest that students should
fabricate facts or statistics when other sources are
unavailable, but this approach is unacceptable as it
seems academically dishonest.
For some topics, the amount of literature available can be overwhelming. If
you are writing on a popular topic, it’s best to acknowledge in your
introduction that much has been written on the subject.

15. Point out an irony or a paradox
The paradox of our times is that
people have taller buildings, but
shorter tempers, wider freeways,
but narrower viewpoints. People
have learnt how to make a living,
but not a life.
Paradoxes are logic puzzles, seemingly
contradictory statements. They’re great to use in
introductions as a way to get the reader’s
attention.

19. • Start your paper with a general statement about
your topic that catches the reader’s attention, a
relevant quotation, question, anecdote, fascinating
fact, definition, analogy, the position opposing one
you will take, or a dilemma that needs a solution.
Hook/Opening Statement
Context/Background
 Provide the information the reader will need to understand the
topic.
Thesis Statement
 State your topic, focus and main points
Introduction

20. Is billionaire Donald Trump’s spectacularly
bad hair real or fake? Donald Trump is an
American real estate mogul and media
personality. In 2012, he ran for President of
the United States. Trump is currently worth
3.9 billion dollars, but aside from his
business success, he is best known for his
amazingly bad hair. This essay will reveal how
Donald Trump’s hair has changed over the
years, and it will answer whether his mop is
the real deal or a weird wig.
Hook
Context/Background
Thesis Statement

21. Learning is important, but the way of learning is much more
important, as stated by Donaldson (cited in Ericson, 2015) that while kids
are playing, they learn their own way of learning. Most students learn from
teachers in schools or universities, so how teachers teach affects students a
lot (Seidel & Shavelson, 2007). For example, teaching approaches can
create some improvement on student learning quality (Trigwell, Prosser &
Waterhouse, 1999) and can also change students’ behaviors in class
(Reeve, 2006). In the world, there are so many ways of learning (Learning
approaches), but the most common ones are subject-centered learning and
student-centered learning approaches. Nowadays, these learning
approaches have been constantly discussed and debated in a lot of
countries around the world. This essay indicates a comparison between
subject-centered learning and student-centered learning approaches which
vary in teachers’ focuses, students’ performance and students’ learning
outcomes, and students’ relationships with teachers depending on the size
of classrooms.
Read this sample
introductory paragraph
and identify the following:
1. Hook (What type of hook
is used?)
2. Context or
background (What does
it focus?
3. Thesis statement (What
is the focus?)

22. Globalization is the shift toward a more integrated and
interdependent world economy ( Hill, Wee & Udayasnkar, 2012, p.6).
It helps businesses to grow and operate on an international level.
Globalization is the main connection amongst countries worldwide
when it comes to business and culture. Most businesses and
organisations grow and become influential on a global scale because of
globalization. It has influenced the way we live, almost everything that
we use daily from clothing to food is manufactured in different
countries and imported this is because of globalization. Globalization is
one of the most important things in a business life. Even though it helps
businesses grow, globalization has negative and positive impacts on the
economy and culture and these are; rise in business competition, rapid
change in technology and culture diversity.
Read this sample
introductory paragraph and
identify the following:
1. Hook (What type of hook is
used?)
2. Context or background
(What does it focus?)
3. Thesis statement (What is
the focus?)

23. Learning is important, but the way of learning is much more
important (Donaldson, cited in Ericson, 2015). Most students learn
from teachers in schools or universities, so how teachers teach affects
students significantly (Seidel & Shavelson, 2009). For example,
teaching approaches can create some improvements on student
learning quality (Trigwell, Prosser & Waterhouse, 2009) and can also
change students’ behaviors in class (Reeve, 2006). In the words, there
are so many ways of learning but the most common ones are subject-
centered learning and student-centered learning approaches.
Nowadays, these learning approaches have been constantly discussed
and debated in various countries around the world. Hence, this essay
discusses the comparison between subject-centered learning and
student-centered learning approaches which vary in teachers’
focuses, students’ performance and students’ learning outcomes,
and students’ relationships with teachers depending on the size of
classrooms.
Read this sample
introductory paragraph
and identify the
following:
1. Hook (What type of
hook is used?)
2. Context or
background (What
does it focus?
3. Thesis statement
(What is the focus?)
Opening
Statement
Context/
Background
Thesis
Statement

24. Globalization is the shift toward a more integrated and
interdependent world economy ( Hill, Wee & Udayasnkar, 2012,
p.6). It helps businesses to grow and operate on an international
level. Globalization is the main connection amongst countries
worldwide when it comes to business and culture. Most businesses
and organisations grow and become influential on a global scale
because of globalization. It has influenced the way we live, almost
everything that we use daily from clothing to food is manufactured
in different countries and imported this is because of globalization.
Globalization is one of the most important things in a business life.
Even though it helps businesses grow, globalization has
negative and positive impacts on the economy and culture and
these are; rise in business competition, rapid change in
technology and culture diversity.
Read this sample
introductory paragraph and
identify the following:
1. Hook (What type of hook is
used?)
2. Context or background
(What does it focus?)
3. Thesis statement (What is
the focus?)
Opening
Statement
Context/
Background
Thesis
Statement

25. Use Varied Sentence Structure
• Sentences are the building blocks of writing.
• The ways sentences are constructed affect the fluency or the flow of the
writing.
• Expository essays are enhanced when the writer uses purposeful sentences
that are varied in both length and structure

26. Examples of how writers can vary sentences to improve their
writing include the following:
1. Using a variety of sentence patterns: simple, compound, and complex
• Combining short sentences with prepositional phrases or participial phrases
• People gather and socialize in a fashion, which is much different from the grab
and go lifestyle in the United States.
• Combining short sentences by linking items of equal importance with a coordinating conjunction
• You can walk down the street of pretty much any city in the world and find a 7-
Eleven, and right around the corner will be another one.
• International consumerism is generally perceived as positive, but as stated by
The Levin Institute, (n.d.), “the new availability of foreign foods in a market –
often at cheaper prices – can displace local farmers”, and often those local
foods are replaced with fast food.
• Combining short sentences containing ideas that are of unequal importance with a subordinating conjunction
• Starbucks has caused an uproar in Italy due to the cookie cutter approach to a
time-honored tradition.

27. Examples of how writers can vary sentences to improve their
writing include the following:
2. Varying sentence beginnings by starting sentences in different ways
 With an adverb
 With a phrase (i.e., prepositional, participial, or infinitive)
 With an introductory clause
3. Breaking up long, rambling sentences (often run-on sentences) into two or three shorter
sentences

28. Write an introduction for
your essay.