This document provides information about citation styles and APA formatting for hospitality and culinary arts students. It outlines the typical sections of an APA paper including the title page, abstract, literature review, in-text citations, and reference list. It also discusses formatting for long quotes, electronic sources, and sample reference list entries. Experimental report sections are defined, including the title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, and discussion sections. Academic dishonesty policies are also briefly outlined.

1. Citation: A Primer for Hospitality
& Culinary Arts Students

2. Primer Contents
Slide 3: Why bother with citation styles in written work?
Slide 4: APA Paper Sections
Slide 5: Sample Title Page
Slide 6: Abstract (only if the professor requests it)
Slide 7: Literature Review (and most student papers)
Slide 8: In-text Citations: Short quotes
Slide 9: In-text Citations: Long quotes
Slide 10: In-text Citations: Electronic sources
Slide 11: Reference List: Basic Rules
Slide 12: Reference List: Books, Encyclopedia, Magazines
Slide 13: Reference List: Electronic Sources
Slide 14: Where to find more APA information
Slide 15: Experimental Report (4th year BABH)
Slide 16: Experimental reports sections (4th year BABH)

3. Why bother with citations styles in
written work?
 Citation styles are used in order to:
 To improve the first impression of your paper
 To ensure consistency in the format of your paper
 To allow readers to access materials used in your paper
 To avoid plagiarism (using another’s ideas without indication)
 APA format is preferred in the School of Hospitality

4. APA Paper Sections
 Essays should include four major sections:
 Title Page (see page 3 for example)
 Abstract (only if the professor requests it)
 Main Body (remember an introduction and conclusion helps all
papers)
 References (see pages 8&9)

5. Title Page
Page header:
(use Insert Page Header)
title flush left + page number
flush right.
Title:
(in the upper half of the page,
centered)
name (no title or degree) +
affiliation (university, etc.)
Professor’s name
(not shown here)
Assignment Due date
(not shown here)
5 October 2009

6. Abstract (for experimental reports)
 150-250 words outlining your paper
 Include all sections of the paper in short form
 Introduction
 Method
 Results
 Discussion
 References
 Write the abstract last (when you have completed your paper)

7. Literature Review (1st - 4th year BABH)
 A literature review is a summary of what existing literature
says about your specific topic or question
 Often student research papers fall into this category of written
work
 A literature review typically contains the following:
 Title page
 Introduction (double-spaced text)
 Discussion (double-spaced text)
 List of references
 Please note: Section titles are not used

8. In-Text Citations: The Basics
 Short Quotations
 If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to
include the author, year of publication, and the page
number for the reference (preceded by "p.").
 She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style," but
she did not offer an explanation as to why (Jones, 1998, p. 199).
 According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using
APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).

9. Long Quotations
 Place direct quotations longer than 40 words in
a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and
omit quotation marks.
 Start the quotation on a new line, indented five
spaces from the left margin.
 Quotation only is single spaced
 Jones's (1998) study found the following:
Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it
was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be
attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a
style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

10. Quotations from electronic sources
 Follow the quotation examples from Slides 8 &
9.
 Do not include the link in the text of your paper.

11. Reference List: Basic Rules
 Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information
necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the
paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise,
each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.
 Single Author (Last name first, followed by author initials).
• Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological
Science, 11, 7-10.
 Two Authors (List by their last names and initials. Use the ampersand instead of "and.“)
• Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across affective states: The hedonic
contingency hypothesis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.
 Three to Six Authors (List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while
the last author name is preceded again by ampersand.)
• Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There's more to
self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.

12. References continued
 Book:
 McWaters, G., & Winthrop, S. (2005). The Canadian student
financial survival guide: A comprehensive handbook on financing
your education, managing your expenses & planning a debt-free
future. Toronto: Insomniac Press.
 Article from an Encyclopedia:
 Durlach, N. (2000). Virtual reality. In Encyclopedia of psychology
(Vol. 8, pp. 172-176).Washington, D.C.: American Psychological
Association.
 Article from a Newspaper or Magazine:
 Cribb, R. (2008, October 7). Inspectors fear repeat of listeriosis
outbreak; bacteria reporting must be reinstated, critics say.
Toronto Star, p A.18.

13. Reference List: Electronic Sources
 Article from an Electronic Scholarly Journal using
DOI.
 Vega, C., & Ubbink, J. (2008). Molecular gastronomy: a food fad
or science supporting innovative cuisine? Trends in Food
Science & Technology, 372-382. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2008.01.006
 Page from a Website:
 Mediacorp Canada Inc. (2008). Employer review: George Brown
College of Applied Arts and Technology. Retrieved from:
http://www.eluta.ca/top-employer-george-brown-college-of-
applied-arts-and-technology.

14. Where to find more
 Library Homepage » Research » APA Guide
 http://researchguides.georgebrown.ca/content.php?pid=16363&sid=
110376
 See the APA site itself
 http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/index.aspx
 George Brown Bookstore has the following in stock
 Houghton, P.M. & Houghton, T. J. (2007). APA (revised): The
Easy Way. Flint: Baker College Bookstore.

15. 4th year BABH- Experimental Report
 Experimental reports are used when you design and you
conduct your own experimental research
 The structure of an experimental report (provided on the
next slide) provides familiar cues to your reader, making
it easier for him or her to scan your report to find out:
 Why the topic is important (covered in your introduction)
 What the research problem is (also covered in your introduction)
 What you did to try to solve the problem (covered in your
methods section)
 What you found (covered in your results section)
 What you think your findings mean (covered in your discussion
section)

16. Experimental reports format
 Unlike the format for literature reviews, section titles are
provided in an experimental report
 Contents of experimental reports include:
 Title page (Note: do not include a section heading on your title page)
 Abstract
 Introduction (double-spaced text) (Note: do not include a section heading for your
introduction)
 Method (double-spaced text)
 Results (double-spaced text)
 Discussion (double-spaced text)
 References (single-spaced text)
 Appendices (if necessary)
 Tables and/or figures (if necessary)

17. ACADEMIC DISHONESTY POLICY
Chapter IX --- CODE OF STUDENT CONDUCT (Chapter 9, pages 86-87)
 7.1
George Brown College believes that the development of self-discipline and acceptable standards of academic
honesty are fundamental aspects of the learning process. Individuals and groups must uphold the principles of
academic integrity.
 7.2
The establishment and maintenance of effective discipline is seen as the responsibility of College administration,
faculty members, and students. Disciplinary action will be taken in response to acts of academic dishonesty.
 7.3
The following offences are considered to be acts of academic dishonesty warranting disciplinary
action
 • plagiarism, which is defined as
 o direct quotation from a text or paper without identification as to source,
o submission of a work as one‘s own when it has been prepared by someone else, and
o contraction for assignments or submission of reports that are not the work of the author.
• the submission, without the knowledge and approval of the instructor to whom it is submitted, of any
academic work for which credit has previously been obtained or is being sought in another course or
program of study in the College or elsewhere;
• the submission for credit of any academic work containing a purported statement of fact or reference to
a source that has been concocted;
 7.4
The College is firm in its commitment to academic integrity and will, without hesitation and without exception,
penalize acts that demonstrate disregard for the standards governing honesty in academic performance. The
minimal consequence for submitting a plagiarized, purchased, contracted, or in any manner
inappropriately negotiated or falsified assignment, test, essay, project, or any evaluated material will be a
grade of zero on that material.