This document provides an outline for a lecture on national politics and the economy in the United States during the era of Andrew Jackson (1820-1850). It covers several major topics, including the rise of Jacksonian democracy, the Bank Wars between Jackson and Nicholas Biddle over the Second Bank of the United States, the forced removal of Native American tribes leading to the Trail of Tears, and the Market Revolution that transformed the American economy through industrialization, transportation improvements, and westward expansion of the agricultural frontier. It also discusses religious revivals during the Second Great Awakening and various reform movements that emerged in response to social changes during this period.

1. National Politics and Economy in the
Age of Jackson
Week 13

2. Lecture Outline
• 1820 – 1850
I. The Era of Good
Feelings
II. Andrew Jackson
I. Democracy
II. The Bank wars
III. Indian Removal
III. The Market
Revolution
IV. Religion and
Reform
V. Chapters 8-10

3. Samuel Morse, “The Old House of
Representatives,” 1822

4. Results of the War of 1812
• National Pride
• Florida, 1819
• Industrial Revolution
– Springfield & Harpers
Ferry
• Hartford Convention,
1814

5. We Owe Allegiance to No Crown (c. 1814)

6. The Hartford Convention

7. Era of Good Feelings
• Democratic-Republicans
– National Republicans
• James Monroe (1817-
1825)
• Monroe Doctrine, 1823
• Slavery
– Denmark Vesey, 1822
– Florida, 1819
– Missouri Compromise,
1820
• Maine

8. p244

9. Jacksonian Democracy
• Deference to Democracy
• Voting Franchise
– Universal white male
suffrage
• The Greek War for
Independence
• John Quincy Adams
– President, 1825 – 1829
• Andrew Jackson, 1767 –
1845
– “Old Hickory”
• Corrupt Bargain, 1824

10. American Democracy
Voting Franchise, 1800 – 1828
George Caleb Bingham,
The County Election, 1852

11. Election of 1824

12. The Greek War for Indp, 1821-1832
Above: Battle Scene from the Greek War of
Independence, George Perlberg, 19th century
Left: The Greek Slave, Hiram Powers, 1844

13. Greek Revival
The Parthenon, 447 – 432 BC
The Second Bank of the United
States, Philadelphia, 1824

14. The Election
of 1828

15. Jackson’s Presidency
• The Spoils System
• Eaton Affair
• The Nullification Crisis
– Tariff Act of 1828
• “Tariff of Abominations”
– Sen Samuel Foot (1830)
– Tariff Act of 1832
– Force Bill (1833)

16. Political Images of Andrew Jackson

17. John C. Calhoun (1782–1850)
by John Trumbull, 1827

18. John C. Calhoun,
Matthew Brady photograph, 1849

19. The American System
• Henry Clay (1777-1852)
• 2nd Bank of USA, 1816
• Tariffs
– 1816
• Infrastructure
– Congress, 1817
• National Road, 1811
• Erie Canal, 1817 – 1825
• Samuel Morse, 1844
• Reaction

20. End of the Era of Good Feelings
• The Bank War
– Henry Clay
– Nicholas Biddle
• Election of 1832
– Democrats
– National Republicans
• Challenge of 3rd Parties
– Workingmen’s Parties
– Anti-Masonic Party

21. The Bank Wars

22. Indian Removal
• Tecumseh (1786-1813)
– Shawnee
– Tenskwatawa (1775-1836)
– Battle of the Tippecanoe
River, 1811
• Five Civilized Tribes
• Indian Removal Act of 1830
• Supreme Court
– Cherokee Nation v. Georgia,
1830
– Worcester v. Georgia, 1832
• Second Seminole War,
1835 – 1842
• Trail of Tears Chief Joseph Vann, 1798-1844

23. The Trail of Tears

24. Indian Removal

25. Results of Andrew Jackson
• Democracy
• The 2nd Party System
– The Democratic Party
– The Whig Party
• Martin van Buren
(1837-1841)
• Panic of 1837
– National Debt
– Distribution Act and
Specie Circular (1836)

26. The Market Revolution
• Early 19th century
• Definition
• Globalism
• Agricultural
Revolution
• Industrial Revolution
• The American System
McCormick’s Mechanical Reaper, 1831

27. The Market Revolution
• Market Revolution – A set of interrelated
developments in agriculture, technology, and
industry that led to the creation of a more
integrated national economy. Impersonal
market forces impelled the maximization of
production of agricultural products and
manufactured goods and increased
consumption.

28. The Industrial Revolution
• Adam Smith
– Division of Labor
• Francis Cabot Lowell
– Waltham-Lowell System
• Water Frame (1767)
– Richard Arkwright
• Power Loom (1785)
– Edmund Cartwright
• Cotton Gin (1793)
– Eli Whitney
• Free Labor
• Results
Mule spinning at Swainson & Birley Mill,
Preston, 1834

29. Beginnings, late 1700s
• (above) Slater Mill,
Pawtucket, RI; 1793
• water wheels
• in countryside

30. New Cash Crop

31. p291

32. Workers in the Market Revolution

33. Transportation and Speed

34. Changes in American Society
Winslow Homer, “Bell-Time,” July 1868

35. Changing Times
• Workingmens’ Associations
• “Cult of True Womanhood”
• Romanticism
– Washington Irving (1783-1859)
• “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”
(1820)
• Nature
• Public Parks
• Rural Cemetery Movement
• Transcendentalism
– Emerson, “Self-Reliance,” 1841
– Thoreau, Walden, 1854
– Melville, Moby-Dick, 1851

36. Changes in American Society

37. Mt. Auburn Cemetery

38. Crawford Notch, Thomas Cole, 1839

39. Emerson and Thoreau

40. 2nd Great Awakening
• 1800s – 1840s
• Causes
• High Church
• New England
• Unitarians
• Universalists
• Frontier Revivals
• Religious Sects
– Baptists
– Methodism
– 7th Day Adventists
– Shakers
– Oneida
– Mormons
Religious Camp Meeting, J. Maze
Burbank, 1839

41. Benjamin Latrobe, Plan of Methodist
Camp, Aug 8, 1809, Fairfax, VA

42. Mormon Trek, 1830 – 1851

43. Owen’s Utopian Socialism
• Robert Owen (1771-1851)
• New Lanarck factory in
Scotland
• New Harmony Settlement
in Indiana, 1825-1829
• “Even salads were
deposited in the store, to
be handed out – making
ten thousand unnecessary
steps, and causing them to
come to the table in a
wilted, deadened state.”

44. Reform
• Secular and Religious
movements
• Market Revolution
• Communalism
• Gender Roles
– Complex marriage
• Temperance
• Lyceum Movement
• Abolitionism
• Seneca Falls
Convention, 1848