Week 15 (Westward)
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This document provides an overview of Westward Expansion and Sectionalism in the United States between 1800-1850. It discusses the concept of Manifest Destiny and how it influenced expansion, the Mexican War from 1846-1848 which resulted in new territory for the U.S., and the Compromise of 1850 which temporarily defused tensions over slavery in the new territories.
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This document discusses the political battles over slavery in California in the decades leading up to the American Civil War. As California was gaining statehood, pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces fought over whether it would enter the union as a free or slave state. The discovery of gold in California brought an influx of miners who largely opposed slavery, helping ensure it became a free state. However, pro-slavery politicians and businessmen continued trying to legalize slavery in California and other western territories to maintain the political balance between free and slave states. These tensions were a contributing factor to southern states eventually seceding and the outbreak of the Civil War.
Day three group c, yo
Manifest Destiny was an aggressive imperialist movement that led to the forced removal of Native Americans from their lands, the expansion into Mexican territory which provoked the Mexican American War, and the war itself was based on faulty evidence provided by President Polk to justify American aggression. Over 40,000 Native Americans were forced to relocate to Indian territory between 1841-1849 as a result of American expansion. The Mexican American War broke out after the annexation of Texas, which Mexico still claimed, and American troops invaded parts of Mexico, capturing Mexico City and acquiring new territory through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Ch 13 notes ppt expansionism Martin APUSH
This document summarizes American expansion and territorial growth between the 1830s-1860s. It discusses how settlement pushed into the West, encroaching on Mexican and British land. When Polk was elected in 1844 on an expansionist platform, the US annexed Texas and went to war with Mexico, acquiring vast new territories by 1848 through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Westward migration continued as more settlers moved along trails like the Oregon Trail to the West Coast. This period of expansion also saw rapid industrialization and immigration to the US, fueling economic growth but also social tensions between new classes.
Latin america
The independence movements in Latin America started in the early 19th century against the Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires, which stretched from modern-day United States to Argentina. Key leaders of independence included Simon Bolivar, who fought for independence in northern South America, and Jose de San Martin, a major leader in the southern cone. Independence was a long process that involved many wars and conflicts throughout the 1810s and 1820s.
Presidents list
This document provides a list of US presidents from 1788-1815 during the Young Republic era, including their terms in office, major political parties and cabinet members. It then continues listing presidents up until Richard Nixon, highlighting some of their most notable accomplishments and events that occurred during their administrations, such as wars, treaties, amendments and social reforms. The list spans 57 presidents over 181 years of American history.
His 121 chapter 12 the dynamics of growth
This document summarizes the economic, social, and political changes in the United States between 1815-1850, including the expansion of agriculture and industry, growth of transportation networks like canals and railroads, waves of immigration from Ireland and Germany, rise of anti-immigrant nativism, and early organized labor unions seeking better wages and working conditions. Key developments included the industrial revolution transforming the North, expansion of cotton and commercial farming, construction of the first railroads, large numbers of Irish fleeing famine immigrating as industrial workers, and labor unions gaining legal protections to strike.
II. Politics in Mexico• Mexico plagued by chronic politica.docx
II. Politics in Mexico
• Mexico plagued by chronic political instability
• 1821-1871- 50 Mexican presidents in office
• 1821-1848-almost all presidents overthrown
• Political factions: Centralists, Federalists,
• Mexican politics prevents consistent approach to problems with Texas Revolt
and Polk administration
Mexico’s 1824 Colonization Act
• Permitted foreign immigration into Southwest
• Plan intended to populate the region
• Develop the region economically
• Link the region with interior Mexico
• “Mexicanize the region”
• Buffer against American expansionism
Provisions of the 1824 act
• Immigrants Must:
• Adopt Mexican citizenship
• Be or become Catholics
• Obey Mexican laws
• Respect Mexican culture, customs and authority
Provisions, continued
• Economic incentives included:
• No taxes for up to seven years
• Purchase land in the following amounts:
• 640 acres per male
• 320 per female
• 160 per child
• 80 per slave
The Texas Revolt
A. Permission to settle:
Starting in 1821, Spain and then an Independent Mexico had granted permission to
Catholic (North) Americans to settle the sparsely populated territory of Texas.
B. Incentives for settlement:
Soon there was a great influx of Americans settlers into Texas. The land was practically
free--only 10¢ an acre as opposed to $1.25 an acre for inferior land in the U.S. Each male
colonists over twenty-one years of age was allowed to purchase 640 acres for himself, 320
acres for his wife, 160 acres for each child and, significantly, an additional 80 acres for
each slaves that he brought with him.
The numerical dominance of the American settlers:
1827: By 1827 there were some 12,000 United States citizens living in Texas, while there
were only 7,000 Mexicans.
1835: By 1835 the immigrant population had reached 30,000, while the Mexican population
had barely passed 7,800
The Mexican response to the influx of
Americans
1. Slavery was abolished:
The first important piece of legislation designed to prevent a further weakening of Mexican
control was President Guerrero's emancipation proclamation of 1829. Because slavery as
not important anywhere else in the republic, the measure was clearly directed at Texas.
Although manumission was not immediately enforced, it was hoped that the decree itself
would make Mexico less attractive to colonists from the U.S. South and would thus arrest
immigration.
2. Forbiddance of further immigration:
The colonization law of 1830 explicitly forbade all future immigration into Texas from the
United States and called for the strengthening of Mexican garrisons, the improvement of
economic ties between Texas and the remainder of Mexico by the establishment of a new
coastal trade, and the encouragement of increased Mexican colonization.
Texas Declaration of Independence
• 1835 document declaring independence from Mexico
• Outlines grievances against the Mexican government: lack
.
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny described the belief that American settlers were destined to expand across North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. This belief helped drive U.S. territorial expansion in the 1840s-1850s through the annexation of Texas, Oregon Treaty, and Mexican-American War. The acquisition of new lands intensified debates over the expansion of slavery and reshaped the political landscape around the issue of states' rights in the new western territories.
California
The annexation of Texas and conquest of Mexican territory increased the United States by a third while cutting Mexico's size in half. The Wilmot Proviso attempted to ban slavery in new territories but was blocked by Southern senators ensuring equal representation of slave and free states. In 1848, gold was discovered in California, causing massive migration that increased the population. Settlers in California proposed a state constitution to make it a free territory and ban slavery as 49ers wanted to avoid competition for labor.
Chapter 11: "To Overspread the Continent" Westward Expansion and Political Co...
This chapter discusses westward expansion and political conflicts between 1840-1848. It covers how Manifest Destiny influenced expansion via the Oregon Trail and Mormon migration to Utah. It also discusses American acquisition of the Southwest from Mexico through the Mexican-American War and resulting Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. This caused significant political conflicts over the extension of slavery into the new territories and rise of sectionalism, exemplified by the Wilmot Proviso banning slavery in the lands acquired from Mexico.
Chapter 21 Realignment at Home and Empire Abroad 1877
Chapter 21:
Realignment at
Home and
Empire Abroad
1877 to 1900
U.S. A NARRATIVE HISTORY, EIGHTH
EDITION
DAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN •
LYTLE • STOFF
22
Realignment at Home and
Empire Abroad 1877 to 1900
• “[M]any influential Americans argued that
like European nations, the United States
needed to acquire territory overseas. By the
end of the century the nation’s political
system had taken its first steps toward
modernization at home
and abroad. They included a major political
realignment and a growing overseas empire.”
33
What’s to Come
The Politics of Paralysis
The Revolt of the Farmers
The New Realignment
Visions of Empire
The Imperial Moment
44
The Politics of Paralysis (1)
Political Stalemate
• Margins of victory in presidential elections very
close
• Nearly 80 percent of eligible voters turned out
The Parties
• Both supported business and condemned radicalism
• Neither offered workers or farmers much help
• Ethnic and religious factors
• Third political parties rallied around a single cause
5
THE VOTING PUBLIC
Between 1860 and 1910 the population of the United States increased nearly threefold
while the number of eligible voters increased over fourfold. But as reforms of the early
twentieth century reduced the power of political machines and parties to turn out
voters, the percentage of eligible voter participation actually declined in presidential
elections through 1912. Photo: Source: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs
Division [LC-DIG-ppmsca-19299]
66
The Politics of Paralysis (2)
The Issues
• “Bloody shirts”
• Each side blamed the other for the Civil War
• Pendleton Act
• 1883; reform of civil service
• McKinley Tariff
• Gold, silver, and greenbacks
• Currency divisive issue
• Bland-Allison Act
• 1878; silver coinage
77
The Politics of Paralysis (3)
The White House from Hayes to Harrison
• Hayes was the first of the “Ohio dynasty” (1876)
• Ended reconstruction and pursued civil service reform
• Garfield elected and then assassinated (1880)
• Dirty election of 1884
• Cleveland won; first Democrat since 1856
• In 1888, Harrison lost the popular vote but won the
Electoral College
• First billion-dollar peacetime budget (1892)
88
The Politics of Paralysis (4)
Ferment in the States and Cities
• State commissions
“Despite growing expenditures and more
legislation, most people expected little from the
federal government…. Experimental and often
effective, state programs began to grapple with
the problems of corporate power, discriminatory
railroad rates, political corruption, and urban
disorder.”
99
The Revolt of the Farmers (1)
The Harvest of Discontent
• Targets of farm anger
• Obvious inequalities; credit at the root of their problems
The Origins of the Farmers’ Alliance
• Patrons of Husbandry
• Granger cases
• Creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887
• Southern Alliance
• Colored Farmers’ Alliance
• Efforts often violently opposed by white ...
7th grade review
This document provides guidance on studying for an exam on key events that shaped US history from Native American arrival through Reconstruction. It lists the main topics to focus on for each event, including the time period, explanation of what happened, key people, impact on the US, and important terms. Some of the major events it identifies are Native American populations in North America, European exploration and colonization, the Revolutionary War, the US Constitution, westward expansion, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. It also includes discussion questions about these topics and the structures and powers of the US government established by the Constitution.
Similar to Week 15 (Westward) (20)
Good Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest Destiny
Good Feelings, Jacksonian Democracy, and Manifest Destiny
II. Politics in Mexico• Mexico plagued by chronic politica.docx
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Chapter 11: "To Overspread the Continent" Westward Expansion and Political Co...
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Chapter 21 Realignment at Home and Empire Abroad 1877
Chapter 21 Realignment at Home and Empire Abroad 1877
More from Steve Santelli
Week 12 (The Long 19th Century)
The document summarizes the major events, ideologies, and artistic movements between 1815-1848, known as the Long 19th Century. Key developments included the Congress of Vienna establishing balance of power in Europe after Napoleon's defeat, and the rise of new political ideologies like conservatism, liberalism, socialism, and nationalism. Romanticism grew as an artistic reaction to Enlightenment thinking, emphasizing emotion and nature. Metternich and other conservatives sought to suppress revolutionary ideas, while liberals pushed for constitutional rights and nationalism united people around shared identities and aspirations for nation-states.
Week 13 (Nationalism)
This document discusses the rise of nationalism in Europe between 1815 and 1871. It provides an overview of key events that contributed to nationalism such as the Revolutions of 1848 in response to conservative rule, the development of communist ideas by Marx and Engels, and the establishment of the Second French Republic in 1848. It also describes how nationalism united previously divided states like Italy and Germany through the leadership of figures like Cavour, Garibaldi and Bismarck and the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War.
HIS 102 8 The French Revolution
The French Revolution occurred from 1789 to 1815 and established a republic that underwent several different governmental periods. This included the National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Convention which established the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety that executed over 10,000 people. Napoleon later rose to power, first becoming Consul and then crowning himself Emperor in 1804, establishing the First French Empire that engaged in numerous military campaigns across Europe until his eventual defeat at Waterloo in 1815.
HIS 102 7 18th century
This document provides an overview of European states and the French Revolution in the late 18th century. It discusses the rise of Enlightened Absolutism among European monarchs, the economic and social changes brought on by the Agricultural and Consumer Revolutions, and the military conflicts including the Seven Years' War. It then focuses on the political and economic crisis in late 18th century France, including the calling of the Estates-General and the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, marking the beginning of the French Revolution.
HIS 121 5 Revolutionary America 1763-1783
This document provides an outline summarizing key events and developments during the American Revolutionary period from 1763 to 1783. It discusses the tightening British control over the colonies, the growing tensions between Patriots and Loyalists, the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and the major battles of the Revolutionary War. It also examines the radical implications of the Revolution in establishing republican principles of popular sovereignty, civic virtue, and natural rights over monarchical rule.
Week 3 (Rivers and Nomads)
This document provides an overview of ancient Egypt between c. 5000-1200 BC. It discusses the geography of Egypt and the importance of the Nile River. It then outlines the major historical periods and rulers of ancient Egypt, from the Predynastic and Archaic Period to the New Kingdom and Late Period. Key aspects of Egyptian civilization discussed include hieroglyphics, pyramids and funerary architecture, religion, and important pharaohs like Hatshepsut, Ramses II, and Akhenaten.
Week 4 (Nomads and States)
The document summarizes major civilizations and events in the Bronze Age Near East between 2000 BC to 500 BC in 3 paragraphs:
1) The Babylonians led by Hammurabi established the first Babylonian empire in Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BC. The Hittites also formed an empire in Anatolia during this time.
2) The Assyrians rose to power in the Iron Age following the collapse of the Bronze Age. They expanded their empire throughout the Near East under rulers like Tiglath-pileser III and Ashurbanipal.
3) Indo-European peoples like the Aryans migrated to India and established Vedic
Week 2 (Mesopotamia)
The document summarizes the emergence of early civilizations in Mesopotamia, specifically Sumer, between 8000-2000 BC. Key points include:
- Sumer was one of the earliest civilizations, centered around urban settlements along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia.
- Sumerian cities developed distinct social, political, religious, and economic structures, including the earliest system of writing known as cuneiform.
- Favorable environmental conditions like flooding of the rivers and deposition of silt encouraged the rise of agriculture and larger, permanent cities in Mesopotamia during this period.
Week 3 (Egypt)
The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian history from c. 3000 BC to the Roman conquest in 33 BC. It outlines the major historical periods and dynasties, important pharaohs such as Narmer, Djoser, Snefru, Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure, Hatshepsut, Ramses II, Akhenaten, and Tutankhamen. It also describes key aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization like the geography of Egypt, hieroglyphics, monumental architecture including pyramids and temples, burial practices, religion, and mummification. The document uses images to illustrate important sites, artifacts, and figures from ancient Egypt.
Week 2 (Rivers)
This document provides an overview of early civilizations that emerged around river valleys between 4000-2000 BC. It discusses the rise of urban centers in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley that were supported by agriculture along major rivers. These early civilizations exhibited distinct social hierarchies, religious structures, and the development of writing systems like cuneiform. Specific examples are given of early Sumerian city-states like Uruk and Ur that built ziggurats and established dynasties during the Bronze Age. The document also notes the later Akkadian Empire that expanded territorial rule across Mesopotamia under rulers like Sargon and Naram-Sin.
Week 1 (Introduction)
This document provides an overview and chronology of the Stone Age period from approximately 10,000 BC to 3000 BC. It discusses early human societies such as nomadic hunter-gatherer bands and the Neolithic Revolution around 10,000 BC when humans transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle, domesticating plants and animals. Key developments during this period included the rise of sedentary settlements and the emergence of the first civilizations along major river valleys in the Middle East.
Week 1 (Introduction)
This document provides an overview and syllabus for a course on history called "Becoming Human: The Stone Age". It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including hominids, the New Stone Age, civilization, and homework assignments. The document also includes quotes from James Mattis on the importance of studying history and provides timelines and information on the spread of early humans, the Neolithic Age, domestication of plants and animals, and the birth of early civilizations.
Week 13 (The Early Middle Ages)
The document provides an overview of the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new political entities in Europe between 200-1000 AD. It discusses the decline of the Roman Empire, the establishment of the Byzantine Empire, the spread of Islam and the Arab Caliphate, and the emergence of new Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne. The period saw the transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages in Europe and the rise of new religious and political forces like Christianity, Islam, and decentralized feudal rule.
Week 15 (The High Middle Ages)
The document summarizes key developments during the High Middle Ages from 900-1300 AD. It discusses the Cluny Reforms that revitalized the Catholic Church, the Crusades launched to retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule, and the rise of feudalism and manorialism in medieval Europe. It also describes the growth of towns, trade, and intellectual centers, as well as the establishment of universities and the flourishing of Gothic cathedrals, scholasticism, and courtly love in medieval culture.
Week 13 (The Middle Ages)
This document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe from 500-1200 AD. It discusses the political developments in England including the rule of Alfred the Great, William the Conqueror, and the establishment of common law. It also summarizes the Cluny Reforms in the Catholic Church, the East-West Schism, and Urban II's call for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095 to retake the Holy Land. The Crusades lasted into the late 13th century and involved conflicts between Christians, Muslims, and Byzantines over control of religious sites. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system during this period.
Week 12 (After Rome)
The document summarizes major developments in Europe and the Middle East between 500-1000 AD. It discusses the Byzantine Empire under Justinian, the rise of Islam and the Arab conquests under Muhammad, and the Carolingian Empire in the West under Charlemagne. It also notes later invasions by Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims from the 9th-10th centuries. The period saw the decline of the Western Roman Empire, rise of Byzantium and Islamic caliphates, and establishment of new political entities in post-Roman Europe.
Week 7 (Imperialism)
This document provides an overview of the period from the 1840s to World War II, focusing on imperialism, late 19th century culture, World War I, and the interwar years. It includes summaries of key events like the Opium Wars, the Scramble for Africa, and World War I. It also examines factors that contributed to imperialism like technology, economics, racism, and the idea of a "civilizing mission". The document uses quotes, maps, photographs and videos to illustrate these topics.
Week 13 (The 19th Century)
The document provides an overview of major events and developments in the 19th century, including revolutions in Haiti, Latin America, and China; the Industrial Revolution and associated economic changes; nationalist movements; religious revivals; imperialism in Asia and Africa; and conflicts such as the American Civil War and Taiping Rebellion. Key figures and their contributions are also mentioned, along with the social and economic impacts of industrialization.
Week 11 (Revolutions)
This document provides an overview of political and cultural developments in Europe and the Americas between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. It discusses the rise of absolutism and the construction of grand palaces like Versailles to consolidate royal power. It then covers the prosperity of the 18th century led by trade, the ideas of the Enlightenment, and the American and French Revolutions that overthrew the old monarchical order. The document concludes with a discussion of Napoleon's rule in France and the spread of revolutionary ideals to other parts of the world.
Week 12 (The Medieval Church)
This document provides an overview of the Medieval Christian Church between 500-1200 AD, including:
1) Key events and figures in England like Alfred the Great and the Norman invasion of 1066.
2) Religious reforms like the Cluny reforms which fought simony and increased papal authority under figures like Gregory VII.
3) The Crusades which were called to help the Byzantine Empire against the Turks and recapture the Holy Land, beginning with Urban II's speech at Clermont in 1095 and resulting in the capture of Jerusalem in 1099.
4) Medieval culture developed under the influence of Crusading which mixed Frankish, Islamic, and Byzantine influences and led to
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Week 15 (Westward)
- 2. Overview • 1800 – 1850 • Last Week: Religion and Reform • Manifest Destiny • The Mexican War • Decline of the Whigs • Compromise of 1850 • https://youtu.be/StTiCU _fqCg
- 3. Manifest Destiny • Definition • Influences – Democracy • 1848 Revolutions – 2nd Great Awakening – Race • Indian Removal Act of 1830 • Black Hawk War, 1832 American Progress, John Gast, 1872
- 4. 1840s Politics • Election of 1840 – “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” – Whigs win • Wm. H. Harrison, POTUS • John Tyler, VP • Secy of State, Daniel Webster • Henry Clay, Senate • Election of 1844 – James K. Polk (Dem) – “54-40 or Fight!”
- 6. The Mexican War, 1846 – 1848 • Mexican Indp, 1821 • Alamo, 1836 • Republic of Texas, 1836-1845 • Rio Grande R. vs. Nueces R. • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848
- 8. The Fall of Mexico City, Carl Nebel, 1851
- 9. War News from Mexico, Richard Caton Woodville, 1848
- 10. Results of the War • New settlers – John C. Fremont, “The Pathfinder” (1813-1890) – 1849, Sutter’s Fort • Wilmot Proviso • Popular Sovereignty • 1848 Election – Zachary Taylor, Whig • Compromise of 1850 • Whigs • Republican Party – John C. Fremont, 1856
- 11. Immigration • New wave of immigrants • Anti-Catholicism • American Party – “Know-Nothings” • Democrats vs. Republicans
Editor's Notes
- Map 17.2 The Oregon Controversy, 1846 © 2016 Cengage Learning