Industrialization and reform slideshare
•Download as PPT, PDF•
2 likes•1,046 views
Industrialization and social reforms transformed American life in the early 19th century. [1] Factories using new technologies like the cotton gin drove economic growth and the rise of corporations. [2] Reformers addressed issues like education, women's rights, prisons, and mental healthcare in response to the changes. [3] New social movements also emerged like transcendentalism, utopian societies, and religious revivals during the Second Great Awakening.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Antebellum Reform Movements
The Second Great Awakening led to many religious and social reform movements in the early to mid-1800s in America. These included prison reform, temperance movements, education reform, and women's rights. Education reformers like Horace Mann and Noah Webster advocated for expanded and standardized public education. The temperance movement aimed to curb excessive drinking through temperance societies and prohibition laws. Women's rights advocates like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott began organizing conventions calling for women's suffrage in the late 1840s.
The progressive era
The Progressive Era document outlines the key issues, goals, and reforms of the Progressive movement between the 1890s to 1920s. It aimed to address unsafe working conditions, the power of large corporations, and unresponsive government. The goals were to protect social welfare through organizations like the YMCA and Salvation Army, promote moral reform like prohibition, create economic reforms to challenge capitalism, and foster efficiency in industry and government. Reforms focused on muckraking journalism, direct election of senators, and initiatives to give citizens more voice, while also addressing issues like women's suffrage.
Progressive era supporters & platforms
The Progressive Era document discusses several key aspects of the Progressive Era from 1890-1918 including:
1) Groups that helped start the Progressive movement such as religious groups, muckrakers (journalists), and socialists who sought to reform society and address problems created by big business.
2) Issues that Progressives sought to address through reforms such as child labor, unsanitary meatpacking plants, monopolies, political corruption, unsafe working conditions, and poor living conditions in tenement housing and slums.
3) Some of the reforms and legislation that resulted from the Progressive movement including child labor laws, the Pure Food and Drug Act, anti-corruption measures, and worker protections.
1820-1860: Society, Culture, and Reforms
The Second Great Awakening led to the development of new religious movements in the 1820-1860 period. Charles Finney sparked revivals in New York appealing to emotions, preaching salvation through faith and works. Joseph Smith founded Mormonism in 1830 and led followers west, with Brigham Young taking over after Smith's death and establishing colonies in Utah. Reform movements also advocated for public institutions like schools and asylums, with Dorothea Dix convincing legislatures to build mental hospitals and Horace Mann advocating for tax-supported public schools. The temperance, abolitionist, and women's rights movements also gained traction during this time of religious and social change.
Chp12
The document summarizes religious, social, and political reforms that occurred in the United States during the Antebellum period from the late 18th century to the 1830s. It describes the Second Great Awakening led by preacher Charles Finney that promoted religious inclusiveness. It also discusses the Transcendentalist movement led by Ralph Waldo Emerson that questioned societal norms. Politically, it outlines Andrew Jackson's presidency and his support for populism, states' rights, and the forced removal of Native Americans. It also analyzes the emergence of utopian communities and reforms addressing slavery, women's rights, education, and workers' conditions.
Industrialization
Industrialization in the late 19th century brought both benefits and drawbacks to the United States. While new technologies and industries increased productivity and economic growth, they also led to monopolies, unsafe working conditions, environmental degradation, and inequality. The rise of big businesses like Standard Oil and U.S. Steel through consolidation brought great wealth for some but also restricted competition and hurt consumers. Workers faced long hours, low pay, child labor, and unsanitary living conditions in urban areas. Events like the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire highlighted the human costs of industrial progress without adequate protections and regulations.
5.1 the rise of industry
The industrialization of America saw unprecedented economic growth between 1865 and 1900. Manufacturing value grew from $2 billion to over $11 billion as industries like iron and steel boomed. This industrial growth was driven by ample natural resources like coal and timber within the U.S., a large influx of immigrant workers providing a workforce, and wave of new inventions including the telephone, light bulb, and refrigerated railcar that helped transform the economy. The U.S. government actively supported this industrialization through policies like tariffs on imports and subsidizing the expansion of the railroad system.
Hogan's History- Early US Industrialization
The industrialization of the United States began in the early 1800s, fueled by free enterprise and new technologies. Factories sprang up and large cities grew as thousands moved from farms to urban areas for work. Textile mills, established by Samuel Slater and Francis Lowell, drove the growth of the cotton industry. Infrastructure projects like the National Road, Erie Canal, and railroads connected regions and markets, facilitating trade and western expansion. The economies of the North and South diverged, with the North industrializing and the South specializing in cotton and slavery. Inventions like the cotton gin, reaper, telegraph, and interchangeable parts advanced industry and agriculture.
Recommended
Antebellum Reform Movements
The Second Great Awakening led to many religious and social reform movements in the early to mid-1800s in America. These included prison reform, temperance movements, education reform, and women's rights. Education reformers like Horace Mann and Noah Webster advocated for expanded and standardized public education. The temperance movement aimed to curb excessive drinking through temperance societies and prohibition laws. Women's rights advocates like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott began organizing conventions calling for women's suffrage in the late 1840s.
The progressive era
The Progressive Era document outlines the key issues, goals, and reforms of the Progressive movement between the 1890s to 1920s. It aimed to address unsafe working conditions, the power of large corporations, and unresponsive government. The goals were to protect social welfare through organizations like the YMCA and Salvation Army, promote moral reform like prohibition, create economic reforms to challenge capitalism, and foster efficiency in industry and government. Reforms focused on muckraking journalism, direct election of senators, and initiatives to give citizens more voice, while also addressing issues like women's suffrage.
Progressive era supporters & platforms
The Progressive Era document discusses several key aspects of the Progressive Era from 1890-1918 including:
1) Groups that helped start the Progressive movement such as religious groups, muckrakers (journalists), and socialists who sought to reform society and address problems created by big business.
2) Issues that Progressives sought to address through reforms such as child labor, unsanitary meatpacking plants, monopolies, political corruption, unsafe working conditions, and poor living conditions in tenement housing and slums.
3) Some of the reforms and legislation that resulted from the Progressive movement including child labor laws, the Pure Food and Drug Act, anti-corruption measures, and worker protections.
1820-1860: Society, Culture, and Reforms
The Second Great Awakening led to the development of new religious movements in the 1820-1860 period. Charles Finney sparked revivals in New York appealing to emotions, preaching salvation through faith and works. Joseph Smith founded Mormonism in 1830 and led followers west, with Brigham Young taking over after Smith's death and establishing colonies in Utah. Reform movements also advocated for public institutions like schools and asylums, with Dorothea Dix convincing legislatures to build mental hospitals and Horace Mann advocating for tax-supported public schools. The temperance, abolitionist, and women's rights movements also gained traction during this time of religious and social change.
Chp12
The document summarizes religious, social, and political reforms that occurred in the United States during the Antebellum period from the late 18th century to the 1830s. It describes the Second Great Awakening led by preacher Charles Finney that promoted religious inclusiveness. It also discusses the Transcendentalist movement led by Ralph Waldo Emerson that questioned societal norms. Politically, it outlines Andrew Jackson's presidency and his support for populism, states' rights, and the forced removal of Native Americans. It also analyzes the emergence of utopian communities and reforms addressing slavery, women's rights, education, and workers' conditions.
Industrialization
Industrialization in the late 19th century brought both benefits and drawbacks to the United States. While new technologies and industries increased productivity and economic growth, they also led to monopolies, unsafe working conditions, environmental degradation, and inequality. The rise of big businesses like Standard Oil and U.S. Steel through consolidation brought great wealth for some but also restricted competition and hurt consumers. Workers faced long hours, low pay, child labor, and unsanitary living conditions in urban areas. Events like the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire highlighted the human costs of industrial progress without adequate protections and regulations.
5.1 the rise of industry
The industrialization of America saw unprecedented economic growth between 1865 and 1900. Manufacturing value grew from $2 billion to over $11 billion as industries like iron and steel boomed. This industrial growth was driven by ample natural resources like coal and timber within the U.S., a large influx of immigrant workers providing a workforce, and wave of new inventions including the telephone, light bulb, and refrigerated railcar that helped transform the economy. The U.S. government actively supported this industrialization through policies like tariffs on imports and subsidizing the expansion of the railroad system.
Hogan's History- Early US Industrialization
The industrialization of the United States began in the early 1800s, fueled by free enterprise and new technologies. Factories sprang up and large cities grew as thousands moved from farms to urban areas for work. Textile mills, established by Samuel Slater and Francis Lowell, drove the growth of the cotton industry. Infrastructure projects like the National Road, Erie Canal, and railroads connected regions and markets, facilitating trade and western expansion. The economies of the North and South diverged, with the North industrializing and the South specializing in cotton and slavery. Inventions like the cotton gin, reaper, telegraph, and interchangeable parts advanced industry and agriculture.
Industrialization And Reform 1820 1850s
Industrialization and social reforms were transforming American life in the 1820s-1850s. This period saw the rise of factories, new forms of transportation like canals and railroads, and mass immigration to America. Women and reformers advocated for changes like public schools, women's rights, and mental healthcare reforms during this time of rapid change. Philosophies like transcendentalism and new religious movements also emerged, as people grappled with the new industrial landscape.
Week 13 (Jackson and The Market Revolution)
This document provides an outline for a lecture on national politics and the economy in the United States during the era of Andrew Jackson (1820-1850). It covers several major topics, including the rise of Jacksonian democracy, the Bank Wars between Jackson and Nicholas Biddle over the Second Bank of the United States, the forced removal of Native American tribes leading to the Trail of Tears, and the Market Revolution that transformed the American economy through industrialization, transportation improvements, and westward expansion of the agricultural frontier. It also discusses religious revivals during the Second Great Awakening and various reform movements that emerged in response to social changes during this period.
6 antebellum
The document summarizes several social reforms that emerged during the Second Great Awakening period from 1825 to 1850. It discusses the rise of evangelical Protestantism and expansion of religious revivals. It also outlines the growth of temperance, educational, penal, women's rights, and abolitionist reform movements. Many of these reforms aimed to apply Christian ideals of equality and justice more broadly in society, such as advocating for the end of slavery and increased rights for women.
Lecture 10 - The Women's Movement
The women's movement started in the late 18th century as women were excluded from the ideals of the Enlightenment and French Revolution. It grew out of abolitionism in the 19th century, advocating for women's suffrage, property rights, divorce rights, and education equality. The movement split over support for racial equality and the 15th amendment. It achieved some successes such as gaining property and custody rights as well as opportunities in teaching and medicine, but failed to gain voting rights for most women until the 19th amendment in 1920. The movement continued advocating for labor rights, birth control, and an end to discrimination.
Chapter 8 - American History
The document summarizes several reforms that took place in American society in the 19th century sparked by religious movements. The Second Great Awakening emphasized individual salvation and responsibility for self-improvement. Transcendentalism focused on finding truth in nature. Dorothea Dix persuaded Congress to improve prison conditions. Women became involved in abolition, temperance, education, and healthcare reform. The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was a landmark women's rights meeting. Industrialization changed the workplace, leading to early factories and strikes to demand better conditions. Immigration increased greatly in the mid-19th century.
Progressivism
The document provides information on the Progressive Era and key reforms pursued by Progressives between 1890-1920. It discusses the four main goals of Progressives which were protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency. Some key reforms discussed include workplace regulations to protect women and children workers, prohibition, trust-busting, railroad regulation, food and drug safety laws, conservation efforts, and civil rights advances. Theodore Roosevelt's "Square Deal" platform is summarized as pursuing these progressive reforms through federal action and regulation to ensure fair treatment of workers and consumers.
The progressive era
The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. Caused by cultural decline, muckrakers exposing issues, and economic changes from industrialization, progressives fought for reforms addressing issues like corruption, child labor, women's suffrage, and prohibition. Key leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert LaFollette. Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism with trust busting and consumer protections. Wilson advocated a New Freedom through antitrust acts and the Federal Reserve. Women and African Americans also led important reform movements during this era of social change.
A.p. ch 15 p.p
Dramatic economic and political changes in the 1820s and 1830s transformed how Americans viewed themselves and society. Many in the North believed they could improve their lives and society through reform, but faced obstacles like divisions along lines of race, gender, wealth, and religion. Reforms also threatened economic progress and traditional institutions and values.
Ch5 6 antebellum age ap only
The document discusses several reform movements in the antebellum United States from 1820 to the 1850s, including the rise of evangelical Christianity and the Second Great Awakening which sparked social reforms around temperance, abolitionism, education, asylums, and women's rights; it also examines the growth of the abolition movement led by figures like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass and the emergence of the women's rights movement at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention.
New Movements in America
The Second Great Awakening sparked new religious and social reform movements in the 1820s-1830s. Religious leader Charles Finney challenged traditional beliefs and advocated for individual responsibility and salvation through good deeds. Transcendentalists like Emerson and Thoreau promoted living simply and relying on personal judgment. Romantic artists glorified American landscape and individualism. Growing cities attracted millions of European immigrants, causing native-born Nativists to fear job losses. Women and reformers worked to improve prison conditions, temperance, education, and end slavery through abolition and the Underground Railroad.
Ch_18_Progressive_Era
The document summarizes key aspects of the Progressive Era in the United States from 1901-1916. It discusses the growth of cities and consumerism during this period, as well as major events like the Spindletop oil strike in Texas that launched the state's oil industry. It also profiles some of the major progressive reforms and leaders during this era, including Theodore Roosevelt, his trust-busting policies, and conservation efforts. Finally, it discusses Woodrow Wilson's election in 1912 and his efforts to pass progressive legislation during his presidency.
Review unit three progressivism
The document summarizes many aspects of progressivism in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It describes key beliefs like individualism and social Darwinism. It also outlines important figures and events like muckrakers who investigated social problems, Jane Addams who founded settlement houses, and Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle which exposed issues in the meat industry and led to new food laws. Finally, it provides brief descriptions of reforms like the creation of national parks, women's suffrage, and prohibition.
Ch13 Cultural Revolution
The document provides an overview of scientific and intellectual developments between 1750-1914 that improved life. It discusses key figures like Darwin, Jenner, Pasteur, Dalton, Curie, Pavlov, Freud and their contributions. Darwin theorized evolution by natural selection, sparking controversy. Jenner developed the first vaccination for smallpox. Breakthroughs in physics included atomic theory and discoveries of X-rays and radioactivity. New social sciences like sociology and psychology applied scientific study to human behavior and society.
The Progressive Era
Progressivism dominated US politics from the 1890s to the 1920s as reformers advocated for social change through government intervention. They sought to address issues like the gap between rich and poor, corrupt politics, unsafe working conditions, and poor living standards for many. The movement achieved some successes through muckraking journalism, political reforms at the state level, and new laws under progressive presidents like Roosevelt and Wilson. However, it largely failed on civil rights and making significant progress for racial minorities.
Antebellum american society pt. 1
This document outlines objectives and trends related to the period of 1810-1860 in antebellum America. It discusses the growth of nationalism, sectionalism, expansion, the economy, social reforms, immigration, and cultural developments during this period. Key regions and populations are also identified, including the industrializing East, slave-dependent South, and agricultural West. Sectional tensions increased over the issues of slavery and states' rights.
Antebellum reform
The document summarizes several antebellum reform movements that emerged from the Second Great Awakening in the United States, including abolition, women's rights, temperance, prison and asylum reform, and education reform. It traces the growth of these movements from their religious revivalist roots in the early 1800s to the social reforms they advocated for by mid-century. Key figures and organizations discussed include William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society, Dorothea Dix and her work on prison and asylum reform, and Emma Willard who established schools for women's education.
Chapter 15 the spirit of reform
The document summarizes social reforms and movements in the US during the 1800s. It discusses the Second Great Awakening and temperance movement. It also outlines educational reforms led by Horace Mann and efforts to establish special education schools. The abolitionist movement is described along with key figures like William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Frederick Douglass. The Underground Railroad is summarized as a network that helped escaped slaves reach freedom. The women's rights movement is covered, highlighting the Seneca Falls Convention and leaders like Susan B. Anthony and efforts for women's suffrage.
The Progressive EraTriangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.docx
The Progressive Era
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Shirtwaists
Factory Work
Horror
Press Accounts
Anger
Union Response
Progressivism
• Influential reform movement – mid 1890s-end of WWI
• Many impulses – both liberal and conservative;
Republican and Democrat
• Desired to soften the harsh impact of industrialization,
urbanization and immigration
• Began in the cities among the middle classes
• First nationwide reform movement
General Middle Class Unease
• America now a world power with an empire
• Most productive industrial nation
• Dramatic economic and demographic changes
• Social Problems
Specific Developments
• Depression of the 1890s
• Emergence of both Populist and
Socialist parties
• Numerous strikes and the rise of
some small, but violent, unions
• Arrogance of large corporations
• The assassination of President
McKinley by an anarchist
Reforms
• Relied on the new social sciences
• Moralistic and optimistic
• Need to reform society and institutions for “social
efficiency”
• But no single motive behind reforms
Social Gospel
• Humanitarian reformers
• A means to translate faith into action
• “ministers of reform” and “reforms of the heart”
• Social justice impulses
Jane Addams and Hull House
Self-Interest
• Middle class feared
possible class warfare or
the rise of socialism
• Believed that reform to
institutions and society
needed
• Worried about widening
gap between the few
“haves” and the many
“have-nots”
• Also feared the rising
immigrant tide as a
“menace” to democracy
Sense of Vulnerability
• Individuals no longer exercised control over their own
destinies
• The powerful corporation, “vested interests,”
“malefactors of great wealth” held the people hostage
• Reforms needed to protect/extend individual rights in the
modern industrial era
Muckrackers
• Articulated the general fears
• Gave focus to anxieties
• Laid bare the “shameful facts”
• Raised public awareness of
specific issues upon which to
focus reform
Women’s Activism
• General Federation of
Women’s Clubs – united white
middle class women’s clubs in
1890
• National Association of
Colored Women – organized
black middle class women’s
clubs in 1896
• Issues: suffrage, libraries,
schools, parks, hospitals,
sanitation, juvenile courts,
public health, pure foods and
drugs, etc.
Types of Reform
• Four broad categories
– To make the government more efficient, honest and
responsive to the popular will
– More stringent regulation of business to protect
consumers, workers and small businesses
– Efforts to improve the quality of life in the cities
– Use of the coercive power of government to impose
middle class standards on personal behavior and
morality
Moral “Reforms”
• Prohibition, anti-gambling, close dance halls
• Mandatory sterilization of sex offenders, certain criminals
and mentally deficient persons
• “Americanizing” immigrants
Grass-.
Early 19c industrialization in america
Transportation infrastructure expanded rapidly in the early 19th century, connecting most major cities by road by 1832 and completing the Erie Canal by 1825. The railroad revolution began in the 1830s, with over 9,000 miles of track by 1850 built largely by immigrant and slave labor. Inventions and new technologies like Eli Whitney's cotton gin, Oliver Evans' automated flour mill, John Deere's steel plow, and Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper drove industrialization and economic growth. By the 1840s, the top wealthiest Americans owned over half the country's wealth, showing increasing inequality. Regional specialization developed, with the East industrializing, the South growing cotton with slavery, and the West becoming the breadbasket of
Immigration and urbanization ppt
This document discusses immigration to American cities between 1860 and 1910. It notes the large growth in city populations during this time period due to immigration and internal migration from rural areas. Major cities like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia saw their populations triple or more. The document also examines the living conditions of immigrants in urban tenement housing, as well as early responses to immigration like nativism and calls for restriction.
Westward Ho! 2012
During the 1840s, America expanded greatly westward for several reasons. The annexation of Texas in 1845 following its independence from Mexico increased sectional tensions over the expansion of slavery. Thousands of settlers also migrated westward along trails like the Oregon Trail to newly acquired territories in the West seeking free land, spurred by events like the California Gold Rush of 1849. Religious groups like the Mormons also moved westward during this period of rapid westward expansion and acquisition of new lands.
More Related Content
Similar to Industrialization and reform slideshare
Industrialization And Reform 1820 1850s
Industrialization and social reforms were transforming American life in the 1820s-1850s. This period saw the rise of factories, new forms of transportation like canals and railroads, and mass immigration to America. Women and reformers advocated for changes like public schools, women's rights, and mental healthcare reforms during this time of rapid change. Philosophies like transcendentalism and new religious movements also emerged, as people grappled with the new industrial landscape.
Week 13 (Jackson and The Market Revolution)
This document provides an outline for a lecture on national politics and the economy in the United States during the era of Andrew Jackson (1820-1850). It covers several major topics, including the rise of Jacksonian democracy, the Bank Wars between Jackson and Nicholas Biddle over the Second Bank of the United States, the forced removal of Native American tribes leading to the Trail of Tears, and the Market Revolution that transformed the American economy through industrialization, transportation improvements, and westward expansion of the agricultural frontier. It also discusses religious revivals during the Second Great Awakening and various reform movements that emerged in response to social changes during this period.
6 antebellum
The document summarizes several social reforms that emerged during the Second Great Awakening period from 1825 to 1850. It discusses the rise of evangelical Protestantism and expansion of religious revivals. It also outlines the growth of temperance, educational, penal, women's rights, and abolitionist reform movements. Many of these reforms aimed to apply Christian ideals of equality and justice more broadly in society, such as advocating for the end of slavery and increased rights for women.
Lecture 10 - The Women's Movement
The women's movement started in the late 18th century as women were excluded from the ideals of the Enlightenment and French Revolution. It grew out of abolitionism in the 19th century, advocating for women's suffrage, property rights, divorce rights, and education equality. The movement split over support for racial equality and the 15th amendment. It achieved some successes such as gaining property and custody rights as well as opportunities in teaching and medicine, but failed to gain voting rights for most women until the 19th amendment in 1920. The movement continued advocating for labor rights, birth control, and an end to discrimination.
Chapter 8 - American History
The document summarizes several reforms that took place in American society in the 19th century sparked by religious movements. The Second Great Awakening emphasized individual salvation and responsibility for self-improvement. Transcendentalism focused on finding truth in nature. Dorothea Dix persuaded Congress to improve prison conditions. Women became involved in abolition, temperance, education, and healthcare reform. The Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 was a landmark women's rights meeting. Industrialization changed the workplace, leading to early factories and strikes to demand better conditions. Immigration increased greatly in the mid-19th century.
Progressivism
The document provides information on the Progressive Era and key reforms pursued by Progressives between 1890-1920. It discusses the four main goals of Progressives which were protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency. Some key reforms discussed include workplace regulations to protect women and children workers, prohibition, trust-busting, railroad regulation, food and drug safety laws, conservation efforts, and civil rights advances. Theodore Roosevelt's "Square Deal" platform is summarized as pursuing these progressive reforms through federal action and regulation to ensure fair treatment of workers and consumers.
The progressive era
The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. Caused by cultural decline, muckrakers exposing issues, and economic changes from industrialization, progressives fought for reforms addressing issues like corruption, child labor, women's suffrage, and prohibition. Key leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert LaFollette. Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism with trust busting and consumer protections. Wilson advocated a New Freedom through antitrust acts and the Federal Reserve. Women and African Americans also led important reform movements during this era of social change.
A.p. ch 15 p.p
Dramatic economic and political changes in the 1820s and 1830s transformed how Americans viewed themselves and society. Many in the North believed they could improve their lives and society through reform, but faced obstacles like divisions along lines of race, gender, wealth, and religion. Reforms also threatened economic progress and traditional institutions and values.
Ch5 6 antebellum age ap only
The document discusses several reform movements in the antebellum United States from 1820 to the 1850s, including the rise of evangelical Christianity and the Second Great Awakening which sparked social reforms around temperance, abolitionism, education, asylums, and women's rights; it also examines the growth of the abolition movement led by figures like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass and the emergence of the women's rights movement at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention.
New Movements in America
The Second Great Awakening sparked new religious and social reform movements in the 1820s-1830s. Religious leader Charles Finney challenged traditional beliefs and advocated for individual responsibility and salvation through good deeds. Transcendentalists like Emerson and Thoreau promoted living simply and relying on personal judgment. Romantic artists glorified American landscape and individualism. Growing cities attracted millions of European immigrants, causing native-born Nativists to fear job losses. Women and reformers worked to improve prison conditions, temperance, education, and end slavery through abolition and the Underground Railroad.
Ch_18_Progressive_Era
The document summarizes key aspects of the Progressive Era in the United States from 1901-1916. It discusses the growth of cities and consumerism during this period, as well as major events like the Spindletop oil strike in Texas that launched the state's oil industry. It also profiles some of the major progressive reforms and leaders during this era, including Theodore Roosevelt, his trust-busting policies, and conservation efforts. Finally, it discusses Woodrow Wilson's election in 1912 and his efforts to pass progressive legislation during his presidency.
Review unit three progressivism
The document summarizes many aspects of progressivism in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It describes key beliefs like individualism and social Darwinism. It also outlines important figures and events like muckrakers who investigated social problems, Jane Addams who founded settlement houses, and Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle which exposed issues in the meat industry and led to new food laws. Finally, it provides brief descriptions of reforms like the creation of national parks, women's suffrage, and prohibition.
Ch13 Cultural Revolution
The document provides an overview of scientific and intellectual developments between 1750-1914 that improved life. It discusses key figures like Darwin, Jenner, Pasteur, Dalton, Curie, Pavlov, Freud and their contributions. Darwin theorized evolution by natural selection, sparking controversy. Jenner developed the first vaccination for smallpox. Breakthroughs in physics included atomic theory and discoveries of X-rays and radioactivity. New social sciences like sociology and psychology applied scientific study to human behavior and society.
The Progressive Era
Progressivism dominated US politics from the 1890s to the 1920s as reformers advocated for social change through government intervention. They sought to address issues like the gap between rich and poor, corrupt politics, unsafe working conditions, and poor living standards for many. The movement achieved some successes through muckraking journalism, political reforms at the state level, and new laws under progressive presidents like Roosevelt and Wilson. However, it largely failed on civil rights and making significant progress for racial minorities.
Antebellum american society pt. 1
This document outlines objectives and trends related to the period of 1810-1860 in antebellum America. It discusses the growth of nationalism, sectionalism, expansion, the economy, social reforms, immigration, and cultural developments during this period. Key regions and populations are also identified, including the industrializing East, slave-dependent South, and agricultural West. Sectional tensions increased over the issues of slavery and states' rights.
Antebellum reform
The document summarizes several antebellum reform movements that emerged from the Second Great Awakening in the United States, including abolition, women's rights, temperance, prison and asylum reform, and education reform. It traces the growth of these movements from their religious revivalist roots in the early 1800s to the social reforms they advocated for by mid-century. Key figures and organizations discussed include William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society, Dorothea Dix and her work on prison and asylum reform, and Emma Willard who established schools for women's education.
Chapter 15 the spirit of reform
The document summarizes social reforms and movements in the US during the 1800s. It discusses the Second Great Awakening and temperance movement. It also outlines educational reforms led by Horace Mann and efforts to establish special education schools. The abolitionist movement is described along with key figures like William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Frederick Douglass. The Underground Railroad is summarized as a network that helped escaped slaves reach freedom. The women's rights movement is covered, highlighting the Seneca Falls Convention and leaders like Susan B. Anthony and efforts for women's suffrage.
The Progressive EraTriangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.docx
The Progressive Era
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Shirtwaists
Factory Work
Horror
Press Accounts
Anger
Union Response
Progressivism
• Influential reform movement – mid 1890s-end of WWI
• Many impulses – both liberal and conservative;
Republican and Democrat
• Desired to soften the harsh impact of industrialization,
urbanization and immigration
• Began in the cities among the middle classes
• First nationwide reform movement
General Middle Class Unease
• America now a world power with an empire
• Most productive industrial nation
• Dramatic economic and demographic changes
• Social Problems
Specific Developments
• Depression of the 1890s
• Emergence of both Populist and
Socialist parties
• Numerous strikes and the rise of
some small, but violent, unions
• Arrogance of large corporations
• The assassination of President
McKinley by an anarchist
Reforms
• Relied on the new social sciences
• Moralistic and optimistic
• Need to reform society and institutions for “social
efficiency”
• But no single motive behind reforms
Social Gospel
• Humanitarian reformers
• A means to translate faith into action
• “ministers of reform” and “reforms of the heart”
• Social justice impulses
Jane Addams and Hull House
Self-Interest
• Middle class feared
possible class warfare or
the rise of socialism
• Believed that reform to
institutions and society
needed
• Worried about widening
gap between the few
“haves” and the many
“have-nots”
• Also feared the rising
immigrant tide as a
“menace” to democracy
Sense of Vulnerability
• Individuals no longer exercised control over their own
destinies
• The powerful corporation, “vested interests,”
“malefactors of great wealth” held the people hostage
• Reforms needed to protect/extend individual rights in the
modern industrial era
Muckrackers
• Articulated the general fears
• Gave focus to anxieties
• Laid bare the “shameful facts”
• Raised public awareness of
specific issues upon which to
focus reform
Women’s Activism
• General Federation of
Women’s Clubs – united white
middle class women’s clubs in
1890
• National Association of
Colored Women – organized
black middle class women’s
clubs in 1896
• Issues: suffrage, libraries,
schools, parks, hospitals,
sanitation, juvenile courts,
public health, pure foods and
drugs, etc.
Types of Reform
• Four broad categories
– To make the government more efficient, honest and
responsive to the popular will
– More stringent regulation of business to protect
consumers, workers and small businesses
– Efforts to improve the quality of life in the cities
– Use of the coercive power of government to impose
middle class standards on personal behavior and
morality
Moral “Reforms”
• Prohibition, anti-gambling, close dance halls
• Mandatory sterilization of sex offenders, certain criminals
and mentally deficient persons
• “Americanizing” immigrants
Grass-.
Early 19c industrialization in america
Transportation infrastructure expanded rapidly in the early 19th century, connecting most major cities by road by 1832 and completing the Erie Canal by 1825. The railroad revolution began in the 1830s, with over 9,000 miles of track by 1850 built largely by immigrant and slave labor. Inventions and new technologies like Eli Whitney's cotton gin, Oliver Evans' automated flour mill, John Deere's steel plow, and Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper drove industrialization and economic growth. By the 1840s, the top wealthiest Americans owned over half the country's wealth, showing increasing inequality. Regional specialization developed, with the East industrializing, the South growing cotton with slavery, and the West becoming the breadbasket of
Similar to Industrialization and reform slideshare (20)
The Progressive EraTriangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.docx
The Progressive EraTriangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.docx
More from R. Scudder
Immigration and urbanization ppt
This document discusses immigration to American cities between 1860 and 1910. It notes the large growth in city populations during this time period due to immigration and internal migration from rural areas. Major cities like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia saw their populations triple or more. The document also examines the living conditions of immigrants in urban tenement housing, as well as early responses to immigration like nativism and calls for restriction.
Westward Ho! 2012
During the 1840s, America expanded greatly westward for several reasons. The annexation of Texas in 1845 following its independence from Mexico increased sectional tensions over the expansion of slavery. Thousands of settlers also migrated westward along trails like the Oregon Trail to newly acquired territories in the West seeking free land, spurred by events like the California Gold Rush of 1849. Religious groups like the Mormons also moved westward during this period of rapid westward expansion and acquisition of new lands.
1990s
The document summarizes major events and trends in the post-Cold War world from the late 1980s to 2000. Key events included the fall of communist governments in Eastern Europe, German reunification, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This ushered in an era dominated by global capitalism and free trade. However, the nature and stability of the new world order remained unclear. Domestically, the US grappled with economic challenges and cultural divisions over issues like immigration, race, and family values.
1960s
Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president on Air Force One after John F. Kennedy's assassination. As president, Johnson outlined his Great Society programs to combat poverty and promote social justice. However, his presidency was also dominated by the escalating Vietnam War. The 1960s saw great social unrest and rise of new social movements advocating for civil rights, women's rights, and environmentalism. It was a turbulent time of both progress and conflict.
The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age saw significant progress and industrialization in America through railroad expansion, technological innovations, and growth of big business. This transformation connected the nation through railroads, expanded the frontier through policies like the Homestead Act, and led to urbanization and the rise of industrial cities. However, this period also saw growing inequality between wealthy industrialists and the working class, as well as struggles for farmers and Native Americans over land and cultural assimilation policies.
Great Depression and the New Deal
The document summarizes FDR and the New Deal programs implemented in response to the Great Depression. It discusses both the First New Deal programs from 1933-1935 focused on relief, recovery, and reform through programs like the CCC, WPA, AAA, and SEC. It also discusses the Second New Deal programs from 1935-1938 which expanded the government's role through the Social Security Act, Wagner Act, and Works Progress Administration among other programs. The Supreme Court initially struck down some programs as unconstitutional but later backed down following FDR's court packing plan. The New Deal had varying levels of support and opposition from groups like Huey Long, Father Coughlin, and Dr. Francis Townsend.
Spanish-American War Plus
The document discusses U.S. expansion and imperialism from 1867 to 1905. It outlines the intellectual and strategic motivations for expansion, including the Monroe Doctrine and ideas of Manifest Destiny. Key events discussed include the purchase of Alaska, annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War over Cuba, the Philippine Insurrection, and increased U.S. interventions in Latin America through policies like the Platt Amendment and the creation of the Panama Canal.
Spanish american war plus
The document discusses America's growing involvement in international affairs between 1867-1905. Key events included the purchase of Alaska, annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War over Cuba's independence, and the subsequent insurrection by Filipino allies who also wanted independence. This period saw the rise of American imperialism and expansionism driven by beliefs like Manifest Destiny and the search for new markets and naval stations around the world.
The West And Industrialization
The document discusses the industrialization of the United States in the late 19th century. It describes the expansion of the railroad network, the growth of cities, and the rise of large corporations in industries like steel and oil. It also discusses the effects on workers, including the rise of factory work and growing inequality between rich and poor.
Reconstruction II
The document summarizes key events of Radical Reconstruction from 1867 to 1872. It discusses the Reconstruction Act of 1867 which divided the South into military districts and required new state constitutions. It also mentions the impeachment of President Johnson, the ratification of the 14th and 15th Amendments, and the elections of Ulysses S. Grant in 1868 and 1872 during the rise of Jim Crow laws and the Supreme Court's "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.
Reconstruction I
The document discusses the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. It provides background on Lincoln's assassination and Andrew Johnson taking over as President. It describes Johnson's lenient Presidential Reconstruction plan, which allowed Confederate states to quickly rejoin the Union without protecting the rights of freed slaves. This led Southern states to pass "Black Codes" restricting freedoms of black Americans. Radical Republicans in Congress fought Johnson for control over Reconstruction, seeking to establish citizenship, civil rights, and voting rights through the 14th Amendment.
Slavery in America
The document discusses the history of slavery in early America, including that many Founding Fathers owned slaves, the institution was never mentioned in the Constitution, and the importation of slaves was permitted until 1808. It also describes how Eli Whitney's cotton gin in 1793 made slavery highly profitable, fueling a rapid increase in the slave population from 700,000 in 1790 to over 4 million by 1860 as the South became dominated by cotton production. Abolition movements emerged but were opposed by pro-slavery forces, heightening regional tensions over the issue of expanding slavery into new western territories, which escalated over events like the Dred Scott decision and led to the Civil War.
Macro Inflation and Unemployment
This document provides an overview of macroeconomics, including key macroeconomic concepts and measurements. It discusses that macroeconomics is the study of entire economies and their behavior. It also lists common macroeconomic questions such as what determines economic growth and unemployment. The document defines GDP and its components. It describes how to measure economic growth using durable goods purchases and inflation using the Consumer Price Index. It discusses the goals of full employment, price stability, and economic growth. It also defines different types of unemployment and provides unemployment rate data.
Foreign Policy 1790s
The document summarizes several key events in American foreign policy in the 1790s that established precedents:
1) The Citizen Genet incident in 1793 involved a French diplomat who attempted to rally American support for France and undermine American neutrality, setting precedents for relations with France.
2) Jay's Treaty in 1795 addressed trade issues with Britain and the seizure of American ships and goods, establishing precedents for Anglo-American trade.
3) The Pinckney's Treaty in 1795 gave the U.S. access to New Orleans and addressed border disputes with Spain, setting precedents for U.S.-Spanish relations.
4) The XYZ Affair in 1798 involved French
Jefferson's America
The document discusses several key events and precedents from the early national period in the United States under President Thomas Jefferson. It summarizes Jefferson's inaugural address calling for unity between political parties. It also discusses the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, which established the principle of judicial review. Finally, it lists several important events that occurred under Jefferson's administration, including the Louisiana Purchase, conflicts with Barbary pirates, and economic sanctions like the Embargo Act.
American System
The document discusses several topics from the early 19th century United States, including the War of 1812, the Era of Good Feelings under the Virginia dynasty presidents, and national infrastructure projects like the Erie Canal. It also mentions the Missouri Compromise and debates connecting waterways like the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River to facilitate trade and economic growth across the young nation.
American Colonies
The document summarizes key events and developments in the original 13 American colonies from their founding through the late 18th century. It mentions the gender imbalance in early Jamestown, John Winthrop's vision of the colonies as "a city upon a hill," King Philip's War which devastated Native American populations, the Dominion of New England, the Salem Witch Trials, the Great Awakening religious revival, the French and Indian War, the Proclamation of 1763 and its establishment of a boundary line between the colonies and Native American lands, the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, the Boston Tea Party, and the First and Second Continental Congresses leading to the American Revolutionary War.
Westward Ho!!
Key social reforms and educational developments occurred during the first half of the 19th century in America, including:
- Dorothea Dix helped open mental hospitals after reporting on the poor conditions of institutions.
- Horace Mann established public schools in Massachusetts to unite children of different social classes.
- Colleges like Amherst and Oberlin were founded to expand access to education.
- The Smithsonian Institution was established to promote knowledge through collections and research.
Political Parties Beliefs
The document summarizes the major political parties in antebellum America between 1836-1856. The Whig party supported loose construction of the Constitution, nationalists policies like tariffs and internal improvements. The Democratic party advocated for strict construction and opposed federal regulation of slavery. Several other third parties emerged like the Free Soil party in 1848 opposing the spread of slavery and the American party in the 1850s which was anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic. The Republican party was formed in 1854 as an anti-slavery party that attracted former Whigs, northern Democrats and members of other third parties.
More from R. Scudder (20)
Recently uploaded
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
How to Predict Vendor Bill Product in Odoo 17
This slide will guide us through the process of predicting vendor bill products based on previous purchases from the vendor in Odoo 17.
Bossa N’ Roll Records by Ismael Vazquez.
Bossa N Roll Records presentation by Izzy Vazquez for Music Retail and Distribution class at Full Sail University
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneTemple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Geography as a Discipline Chapter 1 __ Class 11 Geography NCERT _ Class Notes...
Geography as discipline
Recently uploaded (20)
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
REASIGNACION 2024 UGEL CHUPACA 2024 UGEL CHUPACA.pdf
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
Geography as a Discipline Chapter 1 __ Class 11 Geography NCERT _ Class Notes...
Geography as a Discipline Chapter 1 __ Class 11 Geography NCERT _ Class Notes...
Industrialization and reform slideshare
- 1. Industrialization and Reform Essential Questions - How did industrialization, social reform, and philosophical movements influence the direction of American life? How did people respond to the new challenges of industrial life?
- 2. 3 Revolutions (1820s-1850s) • Economic • Social Reform • Political (next week)
- 3. The Marshall Court Decisions • Fletcher v. Peck • Dartmouth v. Woodward (Daniel Webster ) – States cannot impair the obligation of contracts
- 4. The Marshall Court Decisions • Gibbons v. Ogden – Fed. Gov’t. regulates interstate commerce Fulton’s steamboat Claremont (1809)
- 5. A Market Society • Rise of Corporations • The Factory System – Samuel Slater established America’s first factory in 1790 – First large-scale American factory (1814 Waltham, MA) • Lowell followed – “interchangeable parts” that could be rapidly assembled into standardized finished products – South lags behind North
- 6. Lowell Mills
- 7. Lowell Mills
- 8. Water Power
- 9. The Locks at Lowell (32 ft. drop)
- 12. Morning Bell at Lowell 1st Ring 4:30 Last Ring 10:00
- 13. Lowell Factory Church (1825)
- 15. A New Economy • Transportation – Improvements costs and linked farmers to markets – Toll roads did little – Improved water transportation did most • Steamboat/ canals • increased the speed • lowered the expense of commerce $100- $10 – Railroads – Telegraph
- 16. Samuel Morse and his Telegraph
- 17. Railroads & Canals Example • Robert Fulton’s Steamboat 1809 (Fulton’s Folly) • Erie Canal (1825) (Clinton’s Ditch)
- 20. Connecting the Great Lakes w/ Miss. River
- 21. Railroads, Canals, & Turnpikes
- 22. Travel Times from New York City in 1800 and 1830
- 24. The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800–1820
- 25. A New Economy (con’t) • Inventions – Eli Whitney’s cotton gin (1793) – McCormick’s reaper (1831)
- 26. Industrialization Effects • market economy • population increase & westward expansion • prosperity • union & economic sectionalism • reactions to mechanization of life – faith that human’s can make progress/improve life – desire for all to share in fruits of prosperity – push back against hurried life of factory and the market economy
- 27. Social Reform(ers) • Prison & mental illness • Education - public & higher education • Women’s rights/suffrage • Temperance • Transcendentalists • Utopian societies • Religious revival • Abolition (later)
- 28. Dorothea Dix • Girls’ school 1821 • Report to MA (reading) • Helped open mental hospitals in 11 states
- 29. Horace Mann • Started MA public schools • 'common' or public schools would strengthen democracy by uniting children of all social classes (PBS.org)
- 30. Colleges Founded • Amherst (1821) • Trinity College (1823) • Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (1836) • Oberlin (1833)
- 31. Women’s Rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- 32. Women’s Rights Susan B. Anthony
- 33. So let us consider women in the 1st half of the 18th C. • Adams “Don’t forget the ladies” • “The Cult of True Womanhood” “cult of domesticity” (read later) • Seneca Falls – 1848 “Declaration of Sentiments”
- 35. Transcendentalist • Truth “transcends” human understanding • Natural world • Reclaim life from mechanized world • Ralph Waldo Emerson
- 36. Transcendentalist • Henry David Thoreau • On Civil Disobedience – Opposition to Mexican War (it’ll promote slavery) – Refused to pay tax ($ used for the war)
- 37. Utopian societies • Oneida • Brook Farm • Amana • Robert Owen New Harmony – Cooperation would “supersede individual interest” – Econ. equality…Socialism??
- 39. Religious movements • Shakers – Ann Lee founder – social equality – dramatic religious experiences – celibacy
- 40. Christianity’s 2nd Great Awakening • Educated, Middle class-oriented • Emotions • celebration of personal self-improvement, self- reliance, and self-determination • Timothy Dwight & Charles Finney
- 41. Religious movements (cont.) • Mormon faith • Joseph Smith • Brigham Young leads them west (1846)
- 42. Mormon Trail