This document discusses plumbing services for a building, including water supply and distribution systems. It covers the cold water system, direct and indirect supply systems, and hot water supply methods. The direct system supplies water directly from mains to fixtures, while the indirect system uses a storage cistern. Centralized hot water systems store and circulate hot water, while localized systems heat water at the point of use. Solar water heaters also utilize energy from the sun.

1. AR110-B BUILDING
SERVICES
(PLUMBING)
PERIOD PER WEEK-2
INTERNAL MARKS-50
EXAMINATION MARKS-50
MINIMUM ATTENDANCE - 75%

2. WATER SUPPLY -
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
DOMESTIC LEVEL
Carries water from water mains to the various points (fixtures) in the building where water is
to be used.
Cold water system
Hot water system

3. WATER SUPPLY -
DISTRIBUTION
COLD WATER SYSTEM
Two types
 Direct supply system
 Indirect supply system

4. WATER SUPPLY -
DISTRIBUTION
DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM (upward distribution system)
When pressure of water supply from the mains is sufficient the supply of
water is directly given to the various floors.
This system is recommended only if no. of floors is not more than two

5. HOT WATER SUPPLY
 Hot water is needed in building for comfort during or in low temperature region. The supply is usually
separate from the cold water supply even though it source its cold water from the cold water supply lines.
 Usually a medium of heating the water is introduced to heat the water collected from the cold water supply
lines. The heating is usually done in a special reservoir that stores and reserve the hot water for
sometimes.
 The need to preserve the heat gained by the water for a reasonable time requires the use of special tanks.
The tanks are usually lagged and sealed to disallow escape of heat from the heated water.

6. WATER SUPPLY -
DISTRIBUTION
DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM (upward distribution system)

7. WATER SUPPLY -
DISTRIBUTION
DIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM (upward distribution system)
Advantages
 Less pipework and smaller or no cistern, making it easier and cheaper to install.
 Drinking water is available at all draw-off points.
 Smaller cisterns which may be sited below the ceiling.
 In systems without cistern there is no risk of polluting the water from this source.

8. WATER SUPPLY -
DISTRIBUTION
INDIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM (Down take distribution system)
 It is a system whereby all the drinking water used in the building is
supplied from the main and water used for all other purposes is supplied
indirectly from a cold water storage cistern.
 The cistern also supplies water to the hot water cylinder therefore its
capacity will almost double the capacity required for the direct system.

9. WATER SUPPLY -
DISTRIBUTION
INDIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM

10. WATER SUPPLY -
DISTRIBUTION
INDIRECT SUPPLY SYSTEM
Advantages
 Large capacity cistern provides a reserve of water during interruption of supply.
 Water pressure on the taps supplied from the cistern is reduced, which minimizes wear
on taps and noise.
 Fittings supplied with water from the cistern are prevented from causing pollution of the
drinking water by back siphon age.
 Lower demand on the water main.

11. HOT WATER SUPPLY
 Hot water is needed in building for comfort during or in low temperature region. The supply is
usually separate from the cold water supply even though it source its cold water from the cold
water supply lines.
 Usually a medium of heating the water is introduced to heat the water collected from the cold
water supply lines. The heating is usually done in a special reservoir that stores and reserve the
hot water for sometimes.
 The need to preserve the heat gained by the water for a reasonable time requires the use of
special tanks. The tanks are usually lagged and sealed to disallow escape of heat from the
heated water.

12. HOT WATER SUPPLY
METHODS
 Centralized
 Localized
 Others

13. HOT WATER SUPPLY
METHODS
1. Centralized System
A centralized is one in which water is heated and stored centrally within the building,
supplying a system of pipework to the various draw-off points.
two systems
 Direct DWH system
 Indirect DWH system

14. HOT WATER SUPPLY
a) Direct hot water
supply system
Like cold water supply, hot water is
supplied either directly or indirectly.
In the direct hot water supply a unit
of water heater is connected to the
point of use – shower or kitchen sink.

15. HOT WATER SUPPLY
b) Indirect hot water supply
system
In the indirect water supply, a general
heating point/tank is used to supply hot
water to several point or part of a building.
This is usually more applied in hotels and
such other common service buildings.

16. HOT WATER SUPPLY

17. HOT WATER SUPPLY

18. HOT WATER SUPPLY
METHODS
2) Localized System
A localized system is one in which the water is heated locally to it’s use.
Heater can serve only one sink or two if fitted in close proximity with heater.
Two types of localized DWH heaters are found –
 Instantaneous
 Storage

19. HOT WATER SUPPLY
a) Instantaneous type
 They are generally fueled by gas or electricity.
 Heat water only when required
 They are usually located about the fixture
 Flow is inlet controlled.
b) Storage type single points
 These are heaters located near sinks and have capacity not more than 15 ltr.
 Stored water is heated by an electric element until water is not expanded enough to
discharge from spout.
 Cool water from bottom of the unit then replaces the discharged water.
 Suitable for small quantity of draw off.

20. HOT WATER SUPPLY

21. HOT WATER SUPPLY

22. HOT WATER SUPPLY
Centralized Vs Localized
Advantages
 Provides large bulk of storage
 Requires less maintenance
 Easier to integrate renewable
technologies
Disadvantages
 Long lengths of secondary pipework
which can lead to heat loss
Advantages
 May be fitted close to the fittings
 Saving in boiler house space and
possible fuel store
 No need for secondary circulation or
no problem of long dead legs.
Disadvantages
 Separate electricity connections
required for each unit.

23. HOT WATER SUPPLY
Solar water heater

24. HOT WATER SUPPLY
Solar water heater
 Solar hot water system is a DWH system which utilizes energy from the sun. it collect the
radiant heat waves in a solar collector, usually located on the roof of the building.
 Cold water is supplied to a warm water store vessel which is heated by solar energy
 Water then passes onto a normal conventional hot storage cylinder and is supplied with
additional heat (if required) by a electric boiler.
 Hot water have lower specific weight so it remains on top.