plumbing fixtures in details like about taps, joints etc with their advantages and disadvantages

1. AR110-B
BUILDING SERVICES (PLUMBING)
PLUMBING FIXTURES - II
HENA TIWARI, MANIK DOOMRA

2. WATER TAPS
TAPS OR BIB COCKS
Taps are provided at the end of the water pipe to draw-off water from
the pipe.
Taps are normally a screw down type and opens in an anticlockwise
direction.
Bib cocks may be of push type which operates automatically.
Many more advanced taps are available in the market.

3. WATER TAPS
TAPS OR BIB COCKS
This type of taps are generally used taps used for bathrooms
and outdoors. Its ranges starts from 400rs to 1000

4. WATER TAPS
Pillar cock
Single liver long pillar
cock…
These types of tap are generally used in wash basins. There are
variety of designs of pillar cock available.

5. WATER TAPS
Self closed Pillar cock
Generation creates a modern form of pillar cocks known as self
closed cocks.. we use in our daily life i.e. taps with auto close
mechanism.

6. WATER TAPS
SINGLE LIVER PILLAR COCKS…
The single lever taps are an alternative for applications where the water flow is to be
regulated mechanically . The fittings are designed for reliable continuous operation.

7. WATER TAPS
I.R PILLAR COCKS
The electronic wash basin tap perfectly unites both high
standards of function and of design meets the highest demands
of hygiene and economic efficiency. Its timeless design, contact
free operation.

8. WATER TAPS
SWAN NECK TAPS These designer series category of taps comes in wide range. Its
sleek and designer neck only gives it a royal touchup.

9. PIPE - FITTINGS
In any plant various fluids flow through pipes from one end to other.
We have to transfer the water of Tank no. 1 to the other two tanks.
We will need to connect pipes to transfer the fluids from Tank-1 to Tank-
2 and Tank-3

10. PIPE- FITTINGS
We have just brought the pipes, now we need to solve some
more problems.
Pipes are all straight pieces.
We need some
branch
connections
We need some
bend connections
To solve these
problems we
need the pipe
components,
which are
called
PIPE FITTINGS

11. PIPE - FITTINGS
There are various types of fittings for various purposes, some common types
are - Elbows/Bends, Tees/Branches, Reducers/Expanders, Couplings, etc.
Anyway, the pipes and
fittings are in place, but
the ends are yet to be
joined with the Tank
nozzles.
We now have to
complete the end
connections.
These, in piping
term, we call
TERMINAL
CONNECTIONS.

12. PIPE - FITTINGS
These are flanged
joints
This is a welded joint
But if we want to control the flow from Tank-1 to other tanks.
We need some arrangement to stop the flow if needed
To control the
flow in a pipe line
we need to fit a
special
component.
That is called -
VALVE

13. PIPE - FITTINGS
COMMAN TYPES OF FITTINGS
1.Elbow
An elbow is a pipe fitting installed between two lengths of pipe
or tubing to allow a change of direction, usually a 90° or 45°
angle.

14. PIPE - FITTINGS
COMMAN TYPES OF FITTINGS
2. Coupling
Pipe coupling: A coupling connects two pipes to each other.
There is no change in the direction of the two pipes. If the size
of the pipe is not the same, the fitting may be called a reducing
coupling or reducer, or an adapter.

15. PIPE - FITTINGS
COMMAN TYPES OF FITTINGS
3. Union
A union is similar to a coupling, except it is designed to allow
quick and convenient disconnection of pipes for maintenance or
fixture replacement.

16. PIPE - FITTINGS
COMMAN TYPES OF FITTINGS
4. TEE
TEE 90’ TEE 45’ EQUAL TEE REDUCING TEE

17. PIPE - FITTINGS
COMMAN TYPES OF FITTINGS
5. CROSS

18. WATER PIPES – JOINTS

19. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
Pipes are manufactured in small lengths of 3.5m-5.5m.These small pieces of
pipes are then joined together after placing the position , to make one continuous
length of pipe line.

20. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
DESIGN OF PIPE JOINTS :- depends upon
• Type of pipe
• Internal water pressure
• Supporting condition etc.

21. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
TYPES OF JOINTS
• Union joint
• Coupling joint
• Spigot and socket joint
• Flanged joint
SPECIAL JOINTS
• Expansion joint
• Flexible joint
JOINTS FOR CONCRETE AND ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPES
• Collar joint
• Screwed and socketed joint

22. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
SPIGOT and SOCKET JOINT

23. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
SPIGOT and SOCKET JOINT
• Spigot or normal end of one pipe is centered into the socket of the
proceeding or other pipe.
• Hemp yarn/gasket is then wrapped around the spigot ,leaving unfilled
required depth of socket for lead.
• A kneaded clay ring is then placed around the barrel & against the face of
the socket.
• After this, molten pig lead poured into fill the remainder of the socket.
• The lead which shrinks while cooling , is again tightened by means of 2kg
wt. hammers & by caulking tool.

24. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
FLANGED JOINT

25. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
FLANGED JOINT
• Rigid & are easy to disjoint.
USED : where pipe-joints have to occasionally opened out for carrying out
repair work as in pumping chambers.
• The pipe in this case has flanges on its both ends, casted, welded or
screwed with the pipe.
• A gasket of rubber is introduced between the two flanges of cast-iron pipes,
which are then tightened with bolts & nuts.

26. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
EXPANSION JOINT

27. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
EXPANSION JOINT
Used for special purposes in case of cast-iron pipes.
• Here when the pipe expands, the socket end moves forward & when the
pipe contracts , it moves backward in the space provided for it.
• And the elastic rubber gasket in every position keeps the joint water tight.
• used on pipes exposed to considerable differences of temperatures
allowing for free expansion or contraction without setting up thermal
stresses in the pipes.

28. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
FLEXIBLE JOINT

29. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
FLEXIBLE JOINT
Used for pipes to be laid submerged under water, where the bottom of the
river or trench bed is uneven with the possibility of settlement & consequent
damage.
• It is quite clear from the fig. that if one pipe is given any defection the ball shaped-Portion
will move inside the socket and the joint will remain water-proof in all positions.

30. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
COLLAR JOINT

31. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
COLLAR JOINT
Mostly used for joining concrete & asbestos cement pipes having bigger
diameter.
• A rubber gasket is placed between steel rings in the groove after bringing the ends of the
two pipes in one level.
• Then the collar is placed at the joint so that it covers both the pipes equally.
• After this, cement mortar (1:1) is filled in the gap between the pipes & the collar.

32. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
SCREWED AND SOCKETED JOINT

33. WATER PIPES -
JOINTS
SCREWED AND SOCKETED JOINT
Commonly used for jointing screwed galvanized iron pipes.
• Here two ends are threaded on the outside are joined through a socket having threading
inside.
• A suitable jointing compound (e.g. zinc paint/hemp yarn) should be used before screwing
socket.