The document discusses the origin and distribution of water on Earth. Most of Earth's water (97%) is found in the oceans, while 2% is frozen in ice caps and glaciers. A small percentage (0.5%) of freshwater is available for human consumption on land. The oceans contain salt due to minerals like sodium and chloride that are deposited from rivers and precipitation over time. Oceanographers study various aspects of the oceans like biology, geology, chemistry, and physics. They conduct field research, collect data, analyze samples, and produce findings to increase understanding of ocean processes and conditions.

1. WATERS ON EARTH
 Gain understanding on the distribution of the waters of the
Earth
1.1 Trace the origin of the Earth’s waters
1.2 Describe the distribution of the Earth’s waters
1.3 Trace in a map the Philippine territorial waters and identify
the bodies of water within the territorial boundaries
 2. Develop understanding of the movement of ocean water.
1.1 Describe the different ways by which the ocean water moves
1.2 Explain how waves, surface currents, density currents and
tides are formed
1.3 Discuss the significance of the movement of ocean water
1.4 Describe the environment of the ocean bottom
1.5 Explain the works of an oceanographer and its importance

2. Earth’s Water

3. HYPOTHESES ON THE ORIGIN
OF WATER ON EARTH
 Planetary cooling
 Extra planetary sources
 Hydrate minerals
 Volcanic activity
 Water in the development of the Earth
 Role of organisms

5. How is water distributed on the
Earth?
 97 % of the world’s Water
supply is ocean (salt water).
 2 % of the world’s water
supply is frozen in icecaps and
glaciers.

6. How is water distributed on the Earth?
 0.5 % of the world’s water
supply is non-consumable
water on land.
 0.5% of the world’s water
supply is freshwater available
for consumption.

9. 1. What two factors cause the
ocean to become salty?
2. What are the two minerals in
the ocean water that make it
salty?
3. Reese said” Mr. Suber, how
can we only have 0.5% of
consumable fresh water on Earth,
and not run out of our fresh water
supply?” Explain this.

10. 1. Three major factors influence salinity (salt concentration) in
Pacific Ocean waters: precipitation, evaporation and winds.
Precipitation brings freshwater into the ocean, diluting its salt
concentration. The rate of evaporation from the ocean’s
surface waters is also important because it removes water
molecules, leaving the salt behind. In regions where the
evaporation is high, due to winds and high temperatures, the
concentration of salt in the water increases. As a result, areas
of water exposed to the strong trade-winds generally have
higher salinity values.
 2. Ocean water contains lots of different mineral salts: sodium,
chloride, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, potassium, bicarbonate
and bromide. These salts enter the ocean through rivers, which
pass over rocks and soil, picking up salt along the way.
 3. Water is a renewable resource that moves in a cycle. The
amount of H2O on our planet will always remain the same, and
won't run out as such.

11. World’s Oceans
 Can you name the five world
oceans?

12. World’s Oceans
 Atlantic
 Pacific
 Indian
 Arctic
 Southern

14. Pacific Ocean
• The largest ocean. It is larger
than all the land put together.
• It contains 48% of the world’s
seawater.
• The deepest ocean because the
Mariana Trench is located in it. (over
36,000 feet deep)

15. Atlantic Ocean
• The second largest ocean.
• It contains 23% of the world’s
seawater.
• Most traveled ocean
routes.
•Sea floor spreading-
•This ocean is growing!!

16. Indian Ocean
• The warmest ocean.
•Monsoons occur here
• It contains 40% of the world’s
oil production.

17. Arctic Ocean
• The smallest ocean.
• Located near North Pole
• It is covered by drifting ice.

18. Southern Ocean
• The newest ocean.
• Recognized in 2000.
•Located at the 60° S
Latitude near the South Pole
• It contains icebergs and deep
continental shelves.

20. World’s Freshwater
 Groundwater:
water that collects
between bits of rock
and soil.
 What factors affect
the groundwater?

21. How does groundwater reach
the Earth’s surface?
 Water may reach the
surface through wells,
springs, or geysers.
 What is the main
difference between a
spring and a geyser?

22. What is the difference between
a river and a lake or pond?
 Rivers or streams are running
water.
 Lakes or ponds are still water.
 90% of the continental surface
water is found in lakes.
 Are lakes fresh or salt water?

71. Oceanographers can
specialize in biological,
physical, geological or
chemical oceanography. They
can study marine life, the
ocean floor, chemicals in sea
water, water temperature and
density, tides and currents.

72. Typical responsibilities include:
 planning, organizing and leading field research trips
 collecting field samples and data, probably at sea, using equipment such as
remote sensors, marine robots and towed or self-powered underwater
vehicles.
 giving lectures and making presentations
 using numerical/computer modelling to simulate ocean phenomena
 testing samples in laboratory conditions
 recording, analyzing and interpreting data obtained from samples and remote
sensing equipment
 using numerical/statistical modelling to make predictions about trends
 keeping up to date with scientific and research developments
 attending relevant oceanography conferences, training courses and field trips
 writing funding bids and research proposals
 writing research papers, reports and reviews
 analyzing water samples for mineral content and life forms
 using sophisticated equipment and specialist techniques to analyze samples
 Oceanography can involve travel and periods of time away from home to
conduct research.