This document discusses key aspects of water supply systems including attributes of water, why water supply is needed, factors that influence design period, population forecasting methods, water demand variations, and per capita demand. It outlines the main components of a water supply system including permanent water resources, uniform distribution, and good treatment and maintenance. Population forecasting methods include arithmetic, geometric, and incremental increase. Water demand depends on per capita demand and total population, and varies seasonally, daily, and hourly. Per capita demand is influenced by climate, habits, industries, distribution system, charging, sanitation, supply quality.

1. Introduction.
Attributes of Water.
 Need to apply to water supply.
How water supply system should be done.
Design Period & Factor on which design period depends.
Population Forcasting & Method of forcasting.
Water Demand & Variation in water demand.
Per capita demand.
preparedby:
Masud Alam Ansari
Water supply & waste water
Engineering

2. Introduction
- It deals with the study of supply of water in various
Sector for various purposes.
 Attributes of Water
- Asthetic
- Safety
- Economical

3. Some chemical that is harmful for our body
Arsenic – Cancer
Flouride – Reduction of calcium
Nitrate – Blue baby syndrome
Mercury – Instant Death
 Why do we need to apply water supply ?
- So, consumer can use pure water for various purposes like cooking,
bathing, fire fighting, in industries etc.
 How water supply system should be done ?

4. - Should have permanent water resources.
- Uniform Distribution of water.
- Treatment procedure should be superior.
- Maintenance should be very good .
 Design Period
- The time period or the number of year for which the component of water
supply system can serve satisfactory.
Factor on which design period depends .
- Useful life of material.
- Population.
- Cost involved.
- Expansion of town or area.

5.  What is population forcasting ?
- Prediction of increase in population in future. It is depend upon birth, death
and migration rate.
Method of population forcasting .
i . Arithmetic increase method
Suitability- Developed City.
Advantage – Calculation is easy.
Disadvantage – cannot applied for developing .
ii. Geometric Increase method
Suitability/ Advantage – Applied for newly immersed city & short duration
of time.
Disadvantage – cannot used for forcasting of long term.

6. iii. Increasemental increase method .
- It is also called ideal method because it gives the moderate value when
compare with the two method.
Suitability – Both developed and developing city.
What is water demand ?
- Total volume of Water required by a population in a particular area for a definite period
of time. It is depend upon per capita demand and total popn on the area.
Variation in water demand .
-Seasonal Variation .
-Daily Variation .
-Hourly Variation.

7. What is per capita demand ?
- The requirement of water by 1 person for various purposes i.e. domestic
uses, commercial etc. for 1 day .
Factor on which per capita demand depend .
i. Climate condition
ii. Habit of individual
iii. Industries
iv. Pressure distribution system
v. Method of charging
vi. Sanitation facility
vii. Supply system
viii.Quality of water

8. i. Mechanical Straining
ii. Sedimentation and
flocculation
iii. Biological metabolism
iv. Electrolytic action
Filtration Process