WASH 2011 conference: Stuart White, ISF, UTS

1. DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE: A SUSTAINABILITY PERSPECTIVE THINK. CHANGE. DO STUART WHITE INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURES

3. Pressures and drivers 3 Pressure to achieve MDG water and sanitation targets and ‘water for all’ Uncertainty and threat of water scarcity Need to protect public health Need to conserve the environment

4. The pressure of increasing costs Source: World Bank World Development Report 1992

5. A new approach for urban waterNext generation water systems must be… Cost effective Low risk Adaptable Focused on meeting needs - ‘service’ rather than water provision More equitable Environmentally sustainable Protect public health This requires a focus on actual water uses and users - the demand side of water planning and management

6. New approach is underpinned by ‘end use’ or ‘demand side’ analysis 6 Water end use Demand side planning Conservation potential Disaggregation of water use data Integrated Resources Planning Understanding how we use water now is essential to accurately forecast future water needs in different cities and best plan to meet those needs

7. The quantity of water used varies greatly between countries 7 Need to respond to actual water needs in different cities with appropriate supply and demand option

8. The quantity of water used varies greatly between and within countries litres per capita per day Residential (pink), non residential (yellow) and unaccounted for water (light blue) per capita demand comparison (EBMUD is the Oakland area, east of San Francisco)

9. Not just quantity that differs, also how water is used – eg Alexandria and Sydney

10. Alexandria residential water use A disaggregated water use analysis (‘end use study’) is the foundation for good supply-demand planning

11. Level of water/ energy/ materials use per capita Level of water/ energy/ materials use per capita Level of development

12. Pathways to sustainability Bossell (1998) “Pathways to sustainability”

13. Stock models - toilets

14. Stock models - toilets

15. Then what? The ‘5 Step’ Process as a way forward Step 1: Plan the overall process Step 2: Analyse the situation Demand forecasting Step 3: Develop the response Design & analyse options Step 4: Implement the response Step 5: Monitor, evaluate & review http://www.iwaom.org/

16. The focus is on cost effective water service provision Forecast water demand more accurately Think differently - ‘water service provision’ not just water supply Design and compare broad selection of options (water efficiency, reuse, supply) Use same $/m3 to compare costs and benefits of all options supplying or saving water We can provide water services differently and potentially save water and money through identifying “conservation potential” 16

17. Salalah – supply curve Desalination

19. Four generations of infrastructure

21. Water reuse, energy recovery, nutrient capture

23. Tools for sustainable urban water futures International Demand Management Framework Analysis of costs and benefits and options assessment Social inclusion approaches (poverty, gender) All policy instruments (regulation, economic instruments and communication) Deliberative processes 22

24. Australian ODA on health and watsan 23

26. Citizen engagement/ stakeholder engagement http://www.wwviews.org/

27. Citizen engagement/ stakeholder engagement http://www.wwviews.org/

28. Examples

29. Key messages Current conventional urban water management approaches are unsustainable environmentally and economically. We need to move beyond ‘business as usual’based on increasing water demand and intensive and expensive treatment of wastewater. Best practice approaches emphasise cost effectiveness, adaptability and sustainability – this requires a focus on the demand side of water planning so solutions are right for their context and we can tap into conservation potential. There are a suite of tools to support demand centred planning for sustainable urban water systems – social and regulatory drivers. Developing cities have the opportunity to be at the forefront of innovation – they can ‘leapfrog’ to sustainable options, characterised by efficient water use and adaptive wastewater treatment systems (or waterless waste systems).

30. Further information http://www.isf.uts.edu.au