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Institutionalizing Water Accounting - Overview
This document discusses institutionalizing water accounting in order to better manage water resources. It provides an overview of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), which conducts research on innovative water solutions. Water scarcity is a growing challenge in many regions. Water accounting can help fill information gaps and support decision making by regularly reporting on water availability, use, rights, and changes over time. It discusses elements like temporal and spatial scales to consider. The benefits of water accounting include increased transparency, comparable data to guide policies, and improved awareness. Institutionalizing water accounting requires establishing purposes, data sources, stakeholders, and aligning with existing policies and plans. It is a collective effort that can help answer key questions about water management and allocation.
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Institutionalizing Water Accounting - Overview
- 1. Institutionalizing Water Accounting Overview Dr AmgadElmahdi Head of MENA Region-IWMI 3rd June 2020
- 2. Who we Are •Think tank conducting research to generative Innovative Water Solutions for Sustainable Development • Provider of science for a transformative agenda (science- based products and tools) Food – To improve food security will sustainably managing water resources and ecosystems. Climate – To adapt to and mitigate climate change while building resilience to water related disasters and disruption. Growth – To reduce poverty and advance inclusion with equality as agriculture transforms, energy transitions and urbanization intensifies. • Facilitator of learning to strengthen capacity and achieve uptake of research findings
- 3. Context and Challenges •Water Scarcity • Food security policies • Continuous depletion of surface and groundwater resources • Rapidly increasing demand of water (due to several drivers) • Overall accelerated widening of the water supply-demand gap Water Scarcity
- 4. Projected Demand inMENA by 2050 m3 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 Algeria Bahrain Djibouti Egypt GazaStrip Iran Iraq Israel Jordan kuwait lebanon libya Malta morocco Oman Qatar SaudiArabia Syria tunisia UAE WestBank Yemen Total Water Demand 2001-2010 Water Demand 2041-2050
- 5. Dealing with Manyplayers with varied roles Government States/Governorates
- 6. Realise the Polarisationin the water sector
- 7. Fill the Gapin water information Simple questions, answers unavailable • How much water is available and where? • What is the water availability outlook? • How much water is being used? • How much water is being allocated and delivered? • Who is entitled to use water and how much are they using? • How much is the water in our rivers and aquifers changing? • How much water is being lost to evaporation and leakage?
- 8. Support Decisions inHarsh Climate to Support Water managers Drainage Urban growth Water security Water use behaviour Environmental flows Allocation DroughtIntensification Economic Development Data Monitoring/ Availability
- 9. What is WaterAccounting Water accounting as a discipline is not new UNSD, UN-Water, FAO, IWMI, IWMI-IHE, ICID, Aust Gov Preconditions for successful water management: • knowledge of the current status of water resources, • the capacity and condition of water supply infrastructure and • trends in water demand and use principle method of water accounting is statistical. • water a scarce resource in the area • water sharing plan in place • regularly publish water information reports
- 10. What is WaterAccounting Water accounting can be defined as the systematic quantitative assessment of the status and trends in water supply, demand, distribution, accessibility and use in specified domains, producing information that informs water science, management and governance to support sustainable development outcomes for society and the environment (FAO, 2012, 2016)
- 11. Why do wedo water accounting? Planning and real situation are different WA can account the real situation of water in an spatial domain Water shortage problem is happening and can be appeared in many places WA can inform improving productivity and efficiency of water Not enough information about water cycle WA give clear view of water resources management to planner and DM
- 12. Questions, need forMulti-scalar analysis River basin or watershed Irrigation scheme Field or land holding Scope for augmenting water resources availability for rainfed and irrigated agriculture Potential for improving basin level efficiency and productivity by capturing return flows and minimising large- scale non-beneficial consumptive water uses. Spatial analysis of levels of variability and equity in supply and demand to different irrigation units or user groups. Potential for improving scheme-level efficiency and productivity by e.g. improved scheme governance/management, better O&M Identification and evaluation different user-level drivers e.g. profit, risk minimisation, reduced labour costs etc Potential for improving field or landholding productivity by e.g. Improved irrigation agronomy, better connection to markets, better farming systems Spatial scales Typical WA&A focus /questions
- 13. Water Accounting ReportingSystem Framework WA Reporting WA Line items WA Tools How much Available How much use Who has right to use What and where, indicators Sources ( SW, GW, WW, Desl, ect) Changes of availability Changes of use Changes of right to use Data (primary and secondary) Estimated (Models &analysis) WA+, SEEW, WB, etc Expert opinion Purposeandcasestudy casestudy casestudyandAudience everyone (Amgad Elmahdi, 2020 “Guided Paper: Water Accounting Reporting System –WARS Framework from Concept to Implementation for Sustainable Water Management” Int J Environ Sci Nat Res : 23 ((4)), https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/pdf ) Stakeholders and Users Engagements
- 14. Water Accounting Elements •Temporal Scale Monthly, seasonally, annually • Spatial Scale Sub-Catchment, region, basin, irrigation area, district, governorate, national, etc • Scope Water flow (hydrological boundaries) Water economy (administrative/ jurisdictional boundaries) Combined • Institutional – Water Act/Law – Data Regulations – partnership • Data management – Central – Scatter – Reporting partners
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- 16. Roadmap : WaterAccounting institutionalizing Water Accounting institutionalizing Purpose Information & Accuracy Data Requirements & sources Stakeholders & Users Existing Institutions & polices & plans New Mandates & Accountability Amgad Elmahdi (2019). Road Maps for Water Accounting Designing and Institutionalizing for Sustainable Water Management in MENA Region. Int J Environ Sci Nat Res. 2019; 22(4): 556092)
- 17. Water Accounting :Purpose • Provides answers to key questions on water: available, entitled and used, traded (virtual water or between boundaries), and lost on a standard format • Increase transparency of water management and accountability across the country • Provides comparable information: spatially and temporally • Guides policy makers, regulating authorities and other water managers on water resources planning and investment Decisions • Improved awareness of general public on the status of water availability and use • highlights gaps and inconsistencies in data, knowledge, and methods, allowing improvements to be made to water information base. Photo: Thomson reservoir (Alison Pouliot)
- 18. Water Policy Questions •Is water flowing to the highest value users? • Are water providers achieving full cost recovery? • What are the economic, environmental and social impact of changes in water resources allocation and use? • Are virtual water markets open and efficient? • Are water uses and the water supply infrastructure supports this economically efficient and sustainable? • Is there consistency in water pricing across sectors and between jurisdictions? • Are environment and other public benefit outcomes being achieved?
- 19. Water Accounting Reports WRP Data Models within implementing agency Private sector/industry Other Gov Agenciesand ministries Governorates Data Sources
- 20. Key Potential Users WaterAccounting Information Implementing Agency Cabinet Other Gov Agencies Water Sectors Investors Public Water Accounts relatively new tool for policy makers and researchers Potential in decision- making and analysis yet to be fully realized
- 21. Adding value, informingdecisions Monitoring Quality assurance Archiving Local reporting Sharing—scaling up, standardising Integration—combining data Modelling—prediction, interpolation Analysis and comparison National insight Forecasting Data Providers National Agencies Water Accounting
- 22. Institutionalisation Momentum Water Act2007 • How much water is available? • What is the water availability outlook? • How much water is being traded? • How much water is being allocated? • Who is entitled to use water and how much are they using? • How much is the water in our rivers and aquifers changing? • How much water is being lost to evaporation and leakage?
- 23. Other information trades information Time- series data Data Regulations 2008 Category5 Water use annual SW take, GW extractions Category 7 Urban water management movement and use of water – water supply, wastewater, recycled, stormwater Category 6 Rights, allocations and trades incl. permits to operate & construct storages and extract from bore/watercourse Category 8 Water restriction announcements Category 1 Watercourse level and flow Category 2 Groundwater level and pressure Category 3 Dam Storage level and volume, volumes released & delivered Category 4 Meteorological observations Category 9 Water quality- surface water, some groundwater Category 11 Flood warning data Additional Category 2 information National Aquifer Framework Aquifer boundaries and properties geologic units, hydrogeologic units and hydrogeologic complexes NGIS Bore location, purpose of the bore, lithology, bore construction and hydrostratigraphy logs • Over 200 organisations • Water Regulations 2008 - requirements to provide data • A vast amount of data (>42 million files, 15,000 added each day)
- 24. 10 nationally significantregions coverage: • 80% of population • 70–80% of water supplied for use • 70% of urban water supply • Almost all water trading • Most agricultural areas Australian Water Accounting
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- 26. Take home messages •Water Accounting (tailored, integrated, detailed, standardised) • Data need to be institutionalised • Provides data checking and quality control for other products • It is a collective action • Answers customers and other stakeholder questions on water resources management and planning • We have to empower the water managers and users • Investments are needed
- 27. Thank You Dr AmgadElmahdi Head of MENA Region A.Elmahdi@cgiar.org Next Week: WA Reporting and Team