1) The document discusses providing safe drinking water and sanitation facilities to all people globally. It notes that more than 3.4 million people die each year from water, sanitation, and hygiene-related causes, with nearly 99% occurring in developing countries. 2) Some of the key causes outlined include lack of education and awareness, non-accessibility of proper resources and facilities, and lack of proper monitoring mechanisms. Poor sanitation and hygiene also lead to around 1.5 million deaths each year from diarrhea, with children under 5 most severely impacted. 3) Potential solutions discussed include rainwater harvesting, sewage treatment, expanding public toilets, increasing education and awareness campaigns, strengthening non-

1. Providing Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation facilities to All.
"[The water and sanitation] crisis claims more lives through disease than any
war claims through guns”.
Team Details:
Shweta Samaiya, Hayat Ali, Anchal Rathore, Pooja Bhakoria & Moiz Zaki

2. Scope
• More than 3.4 million people die each year from water, sanitation, and hygiene-related
causes, nearly 99 %, occur in the developing world.
• Of the 60 million people added to the world's towns and cities every year, most move to
informal settlements (i.e. slums) with no sanitation facilities.
• 780 million people lack access to an improved water source; approximately one in nine
people.
Causes
• Lack of education and awareness among masses.
• Non-accessibility of proper resources and facilities to common man.
• Leniency in imposition of government rules.
• Maintenance of public facilities is not good so people prefer open spaces.
• Lack of proper monitoring mechanisms.
Reason
• Around 1.5 million deaths each year - nearly one in five – are caused by diarrhea.90% of the
deaths due to diarrheal diseases are children under 5 years old, mostly in developing countries.
• Surveys from 45 developing countries show that women and children bear the primary
responsibility for water collection in the majority of households. This is time not spent working
at an income-generating job, caring for family members, or attending school. Contd.

3.  It is estimated that nearly 10% of the
global disease burden could be reduced
through improved water supply,
sanitation, hygiene, and water resource
management.
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Waste Water Treatment
 WSI indicates how well river basins are
being developed and managed to sustain
ecosystem. Hazardous index means that
there are inadequate levels of public
investment, regulations and enforcement
related to water in country.
0
2
4
Water Security
Index(WSI)
(1 lowest; 5 highest)

4. Possible SolutionsRainWaterHarvesting
• Compulsory for all
new constructions,
govt. buildings, hotels,
colonies, malls, etc.
• For rural areas a
common water
collection tank should
be constructed which
stores the roof and
terrace run-off.
Individual homes must
be supplied with a tap
from the storage for
use of water. A
predetermined amount
of water (depending
on family size, daily
water requirements,
etc.) utilized is
acceptable but wastage
of water would pinch
the pockets as
metering would be
done.
SewageTreatment
• Sewage should not
be dumped into
rivers. It must be
separated from solid
waste and waste
water must be
redirected to a
sewage water
treatment plant to
obtain clean water
which maybe used in
public toilets. The
solid waste
generated is
biodegradable and
can be used as a
source of natural
fertilizer.
SulabhShauchalaya
• Sulabh
Shauchalaya must
be constructed in
numbers and
maintained properly.
A nominal charge
per person may be
taken which can
then be used to pay
to the one who is
responsible for
cleaning the toilets.

5. Dustbins must be available every few
meters and there must be many more at
public places. They must be maintained
properly to avoid their overflow and
prevention of diseases.
Advertisements on hygiene and
sanitation should be aired on all channels
frequently, whether the channel is
national or not. They must be aired as
are those for smoking and tobacco.
Nukkad Nataks can be held as they are
very informative. They maybe used to
spread awareness about clean water,
sanitation, hygiene and for other issues
as well.

6. NGO’s especially like
WASH institute, ANM,
Aanganwadi must be
promoted so that water
sanitation and hygiene is
promoted at the most
basic level.
Water must be purified
using hypochlorite
solution because it is not
as cancerous as pure
chlorine is. It must be
promoted.
All places with natural
water resources should
have strict rules for their
protection and cleanliness
and security measures
should be implemented so
that those rules are
followed.
Volunteers from all walks
of life can also help by
imparting information to
the people like doctors can
spread awareness about
the harmful effects of the
problem.
Plantation should be
encouraged and more
man-made ponds can be
made to use-up barren
lands.
Setting up of pipelines to
the areas with large
scarcity of water so that
substantial amount of
water which is wasted
during transportation is
saved.

7. Cost
Estimation
Organization
and Logistic
Costs
Advertisements
(INR 4-5 cr per
annum) including
on-air adds and
hoardings
Establishment of
Public Toilets with
all facilities and
pipelines (INR 25-
30 cr)
Technology
Cost
Sewage Water
Treatment
Plant(INR 2-2.5 cr,
all over India)
• The cost model requires funding from government, private, corporate institutes as
well as from those who are willing to help in the cause.
•All these investments are one-time investments.

8. Impact and Reach
•Death-rate due to water-
borne diseases like
diarrhea.
•Availability of clean
water to masses through-
out the year.
•Improvement of health
can be measured by
employing regular health
check-ups.
•Our solution is
sustainable and eco-
friendly.
•It helps in conserving the
natural resources.
•Although the cost of
implementation is high, it
is a one-time investment
and will prove boon-full
year-round.
•Stringent implementation
of the rules and
regulations.
•Monthly tours to inspect
the implementation and
maintenance.
CriteriaandScalability
Sustainability
Monitoring Mechanism

9. Challenges and Mitigation factors
Challenges
Corruption!!
Funding problem.
Improper maintenance.
Improper implementation.
Non-supporting public.
Socio-economic factors like poverty and
caste discrimination
Absence of skilled labor for working in
plants.
Irregular visits.
Difficulty in integration of infrastructure.
Mitigation
Funding from other possible sources.
Stringent integration of rules and
regulations.
Advertising and Awareness campaigns
like Nukkad Nattak etc.
Education and awareness.
Maintenance of proper records.
Tie-up with skilled individuals from
higher authorities.

10. References
 Google search.
 Wikipedia.
 Wash community an initiative of water.org.
 Live mint and wall street journal.
 www.wsp.org.
 Water is life. Retrieved from http://www.newstalk.ie/Water-Is-Life:-How-
India-is-tackling-its-climate-change-crisis.
 Water. (n.d.). India. Retrieved from http://water.org/country/india/ .
 UNICEF. (n.d.). Water, Environment and Sanitation. Retrieved from
http://www.unicef.org/india/wes.html
 Water. (n.d.). India. Retrieved from http://water.org/country/india/ .
 Center for Economic and Social Studies. (2004). Right to Drinking Water in
India. Retrieved from http://www.cess.ac.in/cesshome/wp%5CWater.pdf .