The document discusses water availability and use in India. It notes that India's annual renewable water resources per capita have declined from 5000 cubic meters in 1950 to 1200 cubic meters currently, putting the country in a state of water stress. Several factors contribute to India's water issues, including uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, less storage availability, high external dependence, sub-optimal resource utilization, and increasing deterioration of water quality through pollution. Addressing India's water challenges will require improved management of the country's water resources.

1. WATER AVAILABILITY AND USE
IN INDIA -- AN OVERVIEW
By O.T.Gulati
Chairman,Water Management Forum
The Institution of Engineers (India)

2. Surface and Ground water Resources in River Basins in India
A River basin perspective of Water Resources & Challenges
-Anju Gaur & Priyanie Amerasinghe

3. Available Water Resources in India and Demand Projections by 2025 and
2050
A River basin perspective of Water Resources & Challenges
-Anju Gaur & Priyanie Amerasinghe

4. The Falkenmark Water Stress Indicator defines water scarcity for a region
or country in terms of renewable fresh water available per person per
year .If the amount available is less than 1700 m3 / person / year, the region
is said to be ‘Water stressed’.
In India, around 1950, the indicator was 5000 m3/person/year,
which now is 1200 m3/person/year; which is barely sufficient to sustain
economic growth and support human being.
Addressing Water Management –Tushaar Shah and shilpa Verma-
Getting India back on Track- Edited by Bibek Debroy, Ashley J. Tellis ,
Reece Trevour.

5. The World Resources Institute has declared India among the world’s 50 most
water stressed countries,(rank -41), while Australia ranked -45.
These indicated include –
Baseline water stress ie. The ratio of total annual water Withdrawal to the
total available annual renewable supply.
Inter annual Variablity.
Seasonal Variablity.
Flood Occurrence
Drought Severity.
- F. Gassevt ‘ Aqueduct country and River Rankings- Working Paper
World Resources institute- November- 2013

6. Energised Irrigation
Wells
1960 2,50,000
Energised Irrigation
Wells
2014 More than 20 million.
Government Managed
Surface Irrigation
Systems
215 billion Cubic
meter storage
12 - 15
m.ha. irrigation
Private Managed Sub-surface
irrigation
systems
230 billion
cubic meter storage
65 m.ha. irrigation.
Addressing Water Management –Tushaar Shah and shilpa Verma-
Getting India back on Track- Edited by Bibek Debroy, Ashley J.
Tellis , Reece Trevour

7. Annual Renewable Water Resources in Selected Asian Countries.
Country External
(Billion m3)
Total (Billion m3) External
Dependancy
Ratio %
Bangladesh 1105.644 1210.644 91.30
China 17.169 2840.00 0.90
India 647.220 1907.76 33.40
Based on FAO’s Aquastate online Data , 2011

8. Fresh Water withdrawals by Country
Country Total Fresh
Water
Withdrawal
(km3/year)
Per Capita
Withdrawal
m3/p/year
Domestic
use m3/
p/year %
Industrial
use
m3/p/year %
Agricultural
use m3/p/year
%
India 645.84 585 47(8%) 30(5%) 508(86%)
China 549.76 415 29 (7%) 107(26%) 279 (68%)
USA 477 1600 208(46 %) 736(46%) 656(41%)
‘Peak Water’ Wikipedia

9. International Commission on Large Dams
Per capita Yearly Water Storage
• Global Average- 900 m3
• China -2200 m3
• India – 200 m3

10. Total Area Harvested and total Yields for Cereals (1961-2010) in
China, India, and Indonesia
Water & Food Security -:
- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships

11. Total food supply (kcal/capita/day) 2009
Water & Food Security -:
- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships

12. Growth of Agricultural outputs and Inputs

13. Growth of Surface and Groundwater irrigation in India (1951-2007)
Water & Food Security -:
- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships

14. Access to improved water and sanitation resources:- China & India
Water & Food Security -:
- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships

15. Irrigation investment and irrigated area in India
Water & Food Security -:
- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships

16. Comparison of energy use in Brazil, China, India and Indonesia (1971-2009)
Water & Food Security -:
- Experiences in India & China
-Global Water Partnerships

17. Pollution in Selected Stretches of river Basins
A River basin perspective of Water Resources & Challenges
-Anju Gaur & Priyanie Amerasinghe

18. ISSUES
 Overall Scarcity of Water Resources.
 Widening Gap between supply and demand.
 Uneven Spatial and temporal distribution of water resources.
 Less Storage availability .
 High external dependence.
 Sub- Optimal performance in resource utilization .
 Increasing deterioration of Water Resources.

19. Thank you