This presentation has the complete information about the water resources based on the points from environmental science in engineering.The points are made so easy it is very easy to understand.
Water management is a global issue and it is the prime duty of all the people to save and conserve water so that it can be passed on safely to the future generation. Viewers please watch the ppt and leave your likes and comments.
Water management is a global issue and it is the prime duty of all the people to save and conserve water so that it can be passed on safely to the future generation. Viewers please watch the ppt and leave your likes and comments.
This presentation talks about the Water Uses, Water Forms and Distribution, Availability, Fresh Water Shortage, Water Use Problems and Conflicts Increase Water Supply, Floods and Drought
It talks about the shortage of water all across the globe. So people should use it effectively without unnecessary wastage.
Water Management in Rural Areas in a Changing ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Prof. Edward Pierzgalski from the Warsaw University of Life Sciences focuses on the main issues of water management in rural areas, climate change versus water resources, water management in agriculture versus climate change and what we should do.
USE & MISUSE OFWATER RESOURCES& LAND RESOURCESSushanta Gupta
Land and Land Resources refer to a delineable area of the earth's terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface, including those of the near-surface, climate, the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps), the near-surface sedimentary layers and associated groundwater and geo-hydrological reserve, the plant and animal populations, the human settlement pattern and physical results of past and present human activity
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER LEVEL DEPLETION IN RIVERS PROJECT.pptxArjeetDewangan1
The drinking water crisis in many Indian cities is reaching alarming proportions. Urban population is suffering from irregular water supply, sometimes leading to clashes among them.
This presentation talks about the Water Uses, Water Forms and Distribution, Availability, Fresh Water Shortage, Water Use Problems and Conflicts Increase Water Supply, Floods and Drought
It talks about the shortage of water all across the globe. So people should use it effectively without unnecessary wastage.
Water Management in Rural Areas in a Changing ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Prof. Edward Pierzgalski from the Warsaw University of Life Sciences focuses on the main issues of water management in rural areas, climate change versus water resources, water management in agriculture versus climate change and what we should do.
USE & MISUSE OFWATER RESOURCES& LAND RESOURCESSushanta Gupta
Land and Land Resources refer to a delineable area of the earth's terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately above or below this surface, including those of the near-surface, climate, the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps), the near-surface sedimentary layers and associated groundwater and geo-hydrological reserve, the plant and animal populations, the human settlement pattern and physical results of past and present human activity
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER LEVEL DEPLETION IN RIVERS PROJECT.pptxArjeetDewangan1
The drinking water crisis in many Indian cities is reaching alarming proportions. Urban population is suffering from irregular water supply, sometimes leading to clashes among them.
must watch this power point presentation because of we all the west the water in many tips but really we need save the water.at least i say it is not only Indian problem but the all over world problem at today.
Water Resources. (1st Year B. Pharmacy, Sem-II, EVS Subject, Unit-I)Shubhangi Sonawane
1st Year B. Pharmacy, Sem-II, Contains Water Resources from the topic natural resources.
Student should able to know what is natural resources in that water resources.
Following Presentation Content Introduction, Types of water Resources, Use and Overuse of water, Problems associate with water resources above mentioned points gives in detailed in presentation. it is useful for students for their exams.
ground water depletion and their effect.
What is Groundwater Depletion?
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-groundwater-depletion.php . Overview of Ground Water in India Roopal Suhag February 2016
Ministry of Jal Shakti
. GROUNDWATER CRISIS IN INDIA
:: Drishti IAS Coaching in Delhi, Online IAS Test Series & Study Material
This presentation some details about the world water day 2019 leaving no one behind i have given some to motivation to improve water conservation so please share this it's our duty to save the water for future generation.
he management of water resources has become a critical need in Bangladesh because of growing demand for water and increasing conflict over its alternative uses. As populations expand and make various uses of water, its growing scarcity becomes a serious issue in developing countries such as Bangladesh.
This presentation deals with some of the issues related to water management in Indian context. This is slide show is developed as awareness generation material in context to general people
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
2. DEFINITION:
Water resources are natural resources of
waterthat are potentially useful. Uses of water
include agricultural, industrial, household,
recreational and environmental activities. All
living things require water to grow and reproduce
3.
4. FRESH WATER RESOURCES
Surface water Under ground water
Standing Water bodies Flowing water bodies
lakes Reservoirs Estuaries Streams Rivers
5. GROUND WATER refers to any source
of water that lies beneath the soil
layer. Ground water can exist in the
soil itself or between rocks and other
materials. Most communities obtain
their water from underground
aquifers, or rock formations capable
of holding large amounts of
freshwater. Only 3 percent of the
water on earth is considered
freshwater, with a mere 30 percent of
that small amount being found as
groundwater. Pollution, seawater
contamination and overuse threaten
this valuable resource.
6. SURFACE WATER:
Sources of surface water can include any above-
ground collection of water such as rivers, lakes, ponds
and oceans. Some sources of surface water are also
fed by underground aquifers. Surface water accounts
for 80 percent of the water humans use.
7. Types of Aquifers
Unconfined Aquifers:
An unconfined aquifer is formed when water collects over a less
permeable rock or compact clay.They are recharged by water
percolating down from the above surface through permeable
material.
8. Confined aquifer:
A confined aquifer is formed when water collects over a
impermeable rock.It is sandwiched between two layers
of impermeable rock.They are recharged only in those
areas where the aquifer intersects the land surface.
9.
10. Uses:
Consumptive use:
Here water is completely utilized and it is reused.
Example:
In domestic application,industry and irrigation.
Non consumptive use:
Here water is not completely utilized and it is reused.
Example:
Hydro power plant
11. Other important uses of water:
1.Water is mainly used for domestic purposes like drinking, cooking,
bathing and washing etc.
2. Water is also used for commercial purposes like hotels, theatres,
educational institutions, offices, etc.
3. Another important use of water is for irrigation, like agriculture .
Almost 60-70 % of the fresh water is used for irrigation.
4.20-30 % of the total fresh water is used for so many industrial
operations like refineries, iron and steel, paper and pulp industries.
5. Water is very essential for the sustainance of all the living organisms.
6. Water also plays a key role in sculpting the earth's surface,
moderating climate and diluting pollutants.
12.
13. Over utilization of water:
• The rapid increase in population and industrial
growth have increased the demand for water
resources.Due to increase of ground water usage,the
annual extraction of ground water is in the far excess
than the natural recharge
14. Effects on over utilization of water:
i. Decrease of ground water
ii. Ground subsidence
iii. Lowering of water table
iv. Intrusion of salt water
v. Earthquake and landslides
vi. Drying up of wells
vii. Pollution of water
15. Remedial measures:
I. Use less water for luxury purpose.
2. We should reduce our use of chemicals and dispose
of them properly
3. More comprehensive research and additional funding
can help with ground water depletion.
4. Find alternative sources of water.
5. The pumping of ground water should be regulated.
16. Floods:
• a flood is an overflow of water,
whenever the magnitude of flow
of water exceeds the carrying
capacity of the channel within its
banks.
17. Drought:
• Drought is nothing but scarcity
of water, which occur
due to inadequate rainfall, late
arrival of rains and excessive
withdrawal of ground water
18. Conflicts of water:
• Water is so essential for our existence and is fast
becoming a scarce resource. Freshwater is
considered to be the most issue environmental issue
of this century. Nearly 1.2 billion people do not have
access to safe drinking water .
• Thus due to increase in population and decrease in
water resources, conflicts over water starts.
19. Causes of water conflicts:
1. Conflict through use
2. Construction of dams or power stations
3. Conflict through pollution
20. Conflict through use:
• Unequal distribution of water has often led to inter-state or
international disputes.
• Examples
(a) International conflicts
(i) India and Pakistan fight over the rights to water from the Indus
(ii) Mexico and USA have come in conflict over the Colorado river.
(iii) Iran and Iraq contest for the water from Shatt-al-Arab water
(iv) India and Bangladesh are fighting for Brahmaputra river.
(b) National conflicts
• Sharing of Cauvery water between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
• Sharing of Krishna water between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
• Sharing of Siruveni water between Tamilnadu and Kersla
21. Construction of dams or power stations:
• For hydroelectric power generation, dams are built
across the rivers, which initiates conflict between the
states
22. Conflict through pollution:
• Besides theproduction of electricity and
shipping,rivers and lakes are also used for industrial
purpose. Not only they act as reservoirs for the
supply of fresh water but also as a means of
disposing of waste water and industrial rubbish. With
the increasing decline in the quality of the water
crossing borders, the problem of cleaning the water
takes on an international dimension (conflict).
23. Management of conflicts over water:
• Efforts are mainly concentrated to enact laws to check
these practices to control water pollution.
• The conflicts over sharing of river water in the country
has been studied by many organizations and several
solutions are suggested. The interlinking of rivers has
been one such solution.
• Demand for Nationalisation of water (rivers) needs
serious consideration. Therefore power must be given to
National Water Authority and River Basin Authority for
equitable distribution of basin water.
24. Local managers:
• In India, even today, there are several villages where
water management is done by the local managers
and not irrigation department.
25. Types of local managers:
1.Neerkatti:
• In South India, a neerkatti manages the traditional
tanks very efficiently. They give preference to the
• tail end fields and decide percapita allocation of
water based on the stock of available water in the
tank and irrigation needs
26. 2.Havaldars:
• In Maharashtra, a havaldar manages and resolve
conflicts by overseeing the water channels from main
canal to the distributory canals.
28. Case study:
• Conflicts on Indian river:
• According to a United Nations (UN) report, fresh water is
gradually becoming a matter of serious concern. Nearly one
billion people worldwide still lack adequate supply of clean
drinking water and nearly two billion people do not get water
for proper sanitation.
• According to Central Control Board, 90% of the water supplied
in India to the towns and cities is polluted, out of which only
1.6% gets treated. According to the Ministry of Environment
and Forests (MEF), most of the rivers in India are polluted
mainly because of direct inflow of untreated sewage.
29. The cauvery water dispute:
• The Cauvery river water is an important
conflict between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Tamilnadu, occupying the downstream region
of the river, wants water-use regulated in the
upstream. But, the upstream state Karnataka
refuses to do so. The river water is almost
fully utilized and both the states have
increasing demands for agriculture and
industry. The consumption of water is more in
Tamilnadu than Karnataka the catchment area
is more rocky.
• The Cauvery water Dispute Tribunal was set
up on 2 June 1990, which directed Karnataka
to ensure that 205 TMO of water was made
available in Mettur dam every year.
• The above problem may be reduced by
proper selection of crop varieties, optimum
use of water, better rationing, sharing
patterns.
31. • Dams are built across the river inorder to store
waterfor irrigation, hydroelectric power generation
and flood control.
• Most of the dams are built to serve for more than
one purposecalled "multi purpose dams" These dams
are called as theTemples of modern India by the
country's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.
32. Benefits of constructing dams:
• Dams are built to control flood and store flood water
• Sometimes dams are used for diverting part or all of the
water from river into a channel.
• Dams are used mainly for drinking and agricultural
purposes.
• Dams are built for generating electricity.
• Dams are used for recreational purpose
• Navigation and fishery can be developed in the dam
areas
33. Problems of constructing dams:
• Upstream problems:
• Displacement of tribal people.
• Loss of non-forest land
• Loss of forests, flora and fauna
• Landslips, sedimentation and siltation occurs
• Stagnation and waterlogging around reservoir retards plant growth.
• Breeding of vectors and spread of vector-borne diseases.
• Reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) causes earthquakes
• Navigation and aquaculture activities can be developed in the dam
area.
34. Down stream problems:
• Water logging and salinity due to over irrigation.
• Reduced water flow and silt deposition in rivers
• Salt water intrusion at river mouth
• Since the sediments carrying nutrients get deposited in
the reservoir, the fertility of the land along the river gets
reduced.
• Sometimes, due to structural defects the dam may
collapse suddenly and destroy many organisms.
• Salt water intrusion at river mouth.