Water is essential for life but availability is decreasing due to human and natural factors. It exists in different forms on Earth including oceans, ice/snow, groundwater, lakes, rivers and streams. The main uses of water are agricultural irrigation, domestic, industrial, thermoelectric and recreational activities. However, population growth, climate change, overuse and pollution have led to freshwater shortage in many regions. Effective management strategies are needed to conserve water resources and resolve conflicts over access to ensure sufficient water for all.
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
This presentation talks about the Water Uses, Water Forms and Distribution, Availability, Fresh Water Shortage, Water Use Problems and Conflicts Increase Water Supply, Floods and Drought
It talks about the shortage of water all across the globe. So people should use it effectively without unnecessary wastage.
ppt on 10th class social science topic- Water resources.It contains topics like water sources, types of sources, water scarcity, water conservation and conservation methods.
Environmental science Module 2 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
Environmental science Module 1 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
This presentation talks about the Water Uses, Water Forms and Distribution, Availability, Fresh Water Shortage, Water Use Problems and Conflicts Increase Water Supply, Floods and Drought
It talks about the shortage of water all across the globe. So people should use it effectively without unnecessary wastage.
ppt on 10th class social science topic- Water resources.It contains topics like water sources, types of sources, water scarcity, water conservation and conservation methods.
Environmental science Module 2 Topic. This PPT is not a work of mine and was provided by our college professor during our graduation, so I am not sure about the original author. The credit goes to the Original author.
Fresh Water resources
Global Overview
Volume of water stored in the water cycle's reservoirs
Scarcity of fresh water
Water consumption for food production (I)
Competing water uses
Fresh Water supply
Problems related to Water crisis
Threats to fresh water resources
Distribution of population and water resources
Pressure of freshwater ecosystem
Fresh Water Outlook
Water in China
Desalination of sea water as fresh water supply
We can work together to keep the environment clean so the plants, animals and people who depend on it remain healthy :) Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem and make our world a better place :D :)
This presentation deals with some of the issues related to water management in Indian context. This is slide show is developed as awareness generation material in context to general people
On Earth water has too many forms and variety which
are necessary specifically for particular geographical as well as
environmental surroundings. Below 1% of the world's fresh
water (0.007% of all water on earth) is reachable for direct
human uses. Water pollutions now become a part of concern and
disquiet in country like India. Large parts of water which are life
supportive get contaminated because of illegal activities of human
beings. Water effluence is a major problem globally. It is the
leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it
accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. In
addition to the acute problems of different problems in
developing countries, industrialized countries continue to
struggle with water pollution problems as well. There are many
inorganic metals which are contaminating water bodies which
serve life to large part of India, Arsenic (As) is one of the biggest
threats for water bodies. High toxicity of Arsenic poses a serious
risk not only to ecological systems but also for human health.
There is availability of sophisticated techniques for arsenic
removal from contaminated water, development of new
laboratory based techniques along with cost reduction and
enhancement of conventional techniques are essential for the
benefit of common people. This paper is based on the future
aspects, for removal of Arsenic from drinking water or the water
of different rivers like Ganga, Gomti and Yamuna etc which
humans are consuming for domestic purpose. Demograph
estimate that around 52 millions peoples are drinking ground
water with arsenic concentrations above the guidelines of World
Health Organization. WHO proposed a parameter or MIC for
Arsenic i.e. of 10 parts per billion (ppb) or 0.010 Mg/L, it is found
that level of Arsenic has been increased vigorously in many
rivers. Objective is to apply Bioremediation technique with the
help of batch culture that needs Bioremediators to detoxify
contaminated water and helps in maintaining the original quality
of water.
Water , meaning of water, its uses , advantages , purpose for its being used , current scenario of water, cause of water pollution and steps to conserve these resource.
Biodiversity loss and the global water crisis - A fact book on the links betw...Wetlands International
Globally we are facing a water crisis. This booklet aims to highlight the links between this water crisis and biodiversity loss. Both are the result of the same root causes and both problems reinforce each other. The booklet draws on the knowledge and understanding developed by Wetlands International and its partners over many years and is supplemented with key information from other, peer reviewed studies.
Relooking water resources pragyan viii ruby s.s. projectPramod Sahu
Relooking our Water Resources. a ppt prepared by my daughter Pragya as a part of her group assignment. This ppt attempts to see our water resources as a whole, distribution of freshwater, Water utilization,Global Challenges, Ways to Conserve and Impacts of Water Conservation, A nice way to get a broader canvas from Today's Children's perspective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Contents
1. Water – The Definition
2. Water Forms and Distribution
3. Types of Water Uses
4. Water Availability
5. Fresh Water Shortage
6. Water Use Problems and Conflicts
7. Increase Water Supply
8. Watershed Management
9. Multipurpose Water Resource Management
10. Conclusion and Recommendation
2
3. 1. Water – The Definition
Water is a marvelous substance which can be
beautiful, powerful and destructive.
3
4. 1.1. Water Physical Attributes
Water is found in three states
Liquid
Solid Gas
4
6. 2. Water Forms and Distribution
About 71% of the earth’s surface is covered
with water.
6
7. 2. Water Forms and Distribution
Source: Environmental Science – A Global Concern,
Water Use and Management
7
8. 2.1. Oceans
Is the largest area and volume of water.
Contain more than 97% of the earth’s water.
Contain an average of 35g salt per liter.
Can be used after being desalinated.
8
9. 2.2. Ice and Snow
Contain almost 90% of freshwater.
Is as much as 2km thick.
Situate mostly in Antarctica (85%), Greenland
(10%), and other snow mountain (5%).
9
10. 2.3. Groundwater
Groundwater is water in the rock and soil layer
beneath Earth’s surface.
Absorb excess runoff rain and snow on ground.
Return to lakes, streams, rivers and/or marshes.
Is readily available for use and drinking.
10
11. 2.4. Lakes
Lakes are created from variety of geological
events:
Tectonic-basin lake
Volcanic lake
Glacial lake
Groundwater-discharge lake
Lakes generate water from:
Collection of water in low areas
Natural or man-made dam(s)
Rivers and streams
Groundwater
11
12. 2.4. Lakes (cont.)
Freshwater lakes
Contribute 91,000km3 (about
0.007% of total Earth’s water)
Provide water for agricultural
irrigation, industrial
processes, municipal uses and
residential water supplies.
Major freshwater lakes: Caspian
Sea (Central Asia), Baikal Lake
(Russia), Tanganyika Lake
(Eastern Africa), Lake Superior
(U.S), and Malawi Lake (Eastern
Africa)
12
13. 2.4. Lakes (cont.)
Saline lakes
Possess 85,000km3 (about
0.006% of total Earth’s water)
Saline lakes’ water cannot be
used due to high salinity.
The Great Salt Lake
Major saline lakes: Caspian Sea
(Central Asia), The Great Salt
Lake (U.S.), The Dead Sea
(between Jordan & Israel), and
Aral Sea (between Kazakhstan
and Uzbekistan). The Dead Sea
13
14. 2.5. Rivers and Streams
Rivers and streams are bodies of flowing surface
water driven by gravity.
Rivers and Streams contain only 2,120km3 (about
0.6% of liquid fresh water surface and around
0.0002% of the Earth’s water.)
14
15. 2.5. Rivers and Streams (cont.)
World’s Major Rivers (based on average annual discharge)
Source: Environmental Science – A Global Concern,
Water Use and Management
15
16. 2.6. Wetlands and Soil Moisture
Wetland are areas of land where water covers the
surface for at least part of the year.
They are not as important as lakes and rivers for
water storage.
However, they play vital roles in:
Erosion protection
Flood reduction
Groundwater replenishment
Trapping nutrient and sediment
Water purification
Providing fish and wildlife habitat
16
17. 5.7. Atmosphere
Atmosphere contains about 0.001% of total Earth’s
water.
It is around 4% of air volume in the atmosphere.
Movement of water through atmosphere provide
mechanism for distributing freshwater to
terrestrial reservoir (in form of rain, snow, hail…).
17
19. 3. Types of Water Uses
Basic Assumption (by UN Water)
World Water Use
Irrigation Industry Domestic
8%
22%
70%
Source: World Water Assessment Source: Food and Agriculture
Program (WWAP) Organization (FAO)
19
20. 3. Types of Water Uses
China 2008 Water Resource Report
Ecological
Residential 2%
12%
Source: China 2008 Water
Industry Resources Report
24% Agriculture
62%
Cambodia 2010 Water Use
Others
Industry 10%
4%
Domestic
Source: Cambodian Ministry
17% Agriculture of Environment
56%
Livestock
13%
20
22. a. Agriculture
Irrigation
Crop irrigation consume 2/3 of water withdrawal.
Evaporation and seepage from unlined irrigation
systems are the principal water losses.
There are three types of irrigation systems:
Flood Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Drip Irrigation
22
24. a. Agriculture (cont.)
Aquaculture
Raising fish.
Raising shellfish.
Raising shrimp and lobster.
Raising other creatures living in water.
24
25. b. Thermoelectric
Water is used in production of
electrical power.
Thermoelectric is one of the
largest uses of water in U.S.
In 2005, it consumed about
201,000 million gallons of water
each day.
Thermoelectric occupied 49% of
total water use in U.S.
Both freshwater and saline water
are used in thermoelectric.
25
26. c. Industrial
Industries need water to cool down their
machinery to a temperature that allows the
manufacturing process to keep going.
Water is also needed to clean
machinery, products, and buildings.
26
27. c. Industrial
In 2005, U.S. industrial uses were 83% (15,000
gallons/day) surface water and 17% (3,110
gallons/day) groundwater.
In Cambodia, rough estimation by Water
Environment Partnership in Asia showed:
Major industry consumed: 1,000-2,000 m3/day
Large industry consumed: 100-500 m3/day
Medium & small industry: 50 m3/day
27
28. d. Mining
Water is used for the extraction of minerals
that can be in forms of:
Solid: coal, iron, gold, sand – etc.
Liquid: crude oil.
Gas: natural gases.
28
29. e. Domestic
Domestic water use is the consumption for
household purposes – both indoor and outdoor.
In Cambodia, domestic water use was around 136
million m3 (17% of total consumption).
Only people in Phnom Penh can access to piped
water. 85% of piped water was consumed.
29
30. f. Commercial
Water is used in businesses such as
hotels, restaurants, marketplaces, and so on.
In Phnom Penh, commercial use was 14% of total
piped water consumption (about 11,480 m3 per
day).
30
34. 4.2. Water Stress & Water Scarcity
Water Stress:
Annual water supplies is
less than 1,700m3 per
person.
Water Scarcity:
Annual water supplies is
less than 1,000m3 per
person.
Absolute scarcity:
Annual water supplies is
less than 500m3 per person.
34
36. 5. Fresh Water Shortage
Fresh Water Shortage is due to:
Population growth
Lack of access to clean water
Groundwater is being depleted
Climate change / global warming
Rivers and lakes are shrinking
36
37. 6. Water Use Problems and Conflicts
Water Overuse
Overuse in agriculture
Overuse in residence
Overuse in community
Some interesting facts:
Water needed to produce our daily food:
40 liters to produce 1 slice of white bread.
70 liters to produce 1 apple.
1,300 liters to produce 1kg of wheat.
3,400 liters to produce 1kg of rice.
3,900 liters to produce 1kg of chicken meat.
15,500 liters to produce 1kg of beef.
37
38. 6. Water Use Problems and Conflicts
Water Conflict
Control of Water Resources: where water
supplies or access to water is at the root of
tensions.
Military Tool: where water resources, or water
systems themselves, are used by a nation or state
as a weapon during a military action.
Political Tool: where water resources, or water
systems themselves, are used by a nation, state, or
non-state actor for a political goal.
Terrorism: where water resources, or water
systems, are either targets or tools of violence or
coercion by non-state actors.
Military Target: where water resource systems
are targets of military actions by nations or states.
Development Disputes: where water resources
or water systems are a major source of contention
and dispute in the context of economic and social
development
38
39. 7. Increase Water Supply
Water Conservation
Development of groundwater
Desalinization
Developing salt-resistant crops
Developing drought-resistant crops
Rainmaking
Long distance water transport
Improve integration of water use
39
40. 8. Watershed Management
Watershed – the definition
A watershed is a connected series of streams, rivers, and
lakes that collects water from a specific area of land.
Watersheds are important habitats for animals and
plants, and offer a source of drinking and recreational
water for many communities.
40
41. 8. Watershed Management
Objectives:
The rehabilitation of degraded lands.
The protection of soil and water resources under land
use systems that produce multiple products of the land.
The enhancement of water quantity and quality.
Strategies:
Managing Watershed Land-Use Practice
Managing Riparian Areas
Vegetation-Type Conversion
Water Harvesting
Water Spreading
41
42. 9. Multipurpose Water Resource Management
Integrated water resource management
Flood-damage reduction
Irrigation and water supply
Navigation
Recreation
Environmental protection & improvement
Water Management Engineering
Reservoir construction
Levee construction
Dredging
Stream drainage channelization
42
43. 10. Conclusion & Recommendation
Water resources is EVERYONE’s concern!
The consumption has been increased
significantly due to population growth.
Water availability is decreasing due to human
overuse and natural degradation.
Many sources of water have become unusable.
Allegedly control over water lead to
intraboundary and transboundary conflicts.
Effective water resource management and
policy must be implemented on both local and
international levels.
43
44. Tips on How to Save Water
Increasing water resources start from all of us!
Don’t flush every time you use the toilet.
Take shorter showers
Don’t wash your car so often.
Don’t let the faucet run while washing
hands, dishes, food, or brushing your teeth.
Don’t run the dishwasher when half full.
Dispose of used motor oil, household hazardous
waste, batteries, etc., responsibly.
44
45. Tips on How to Save Water
Don’t dump anything down a storm sewer that you
wouldn’t want to drink.
Avoid using toxic or hazardous chemicals for simple
cleaning or plumbing jobs.
If you have a lawn, use water sparingly. Water your grass
and garden at night, not in the middle of the day.
Use water-conserving appliances: low-flow showers, low-
flush toilets.
Check your toilet for leaks.
45