Water pollution occurs when foreign substances make water unsuitable for its intended use through physical, chemical, or biological changes. It can be caused by human activities that introduce waste and pollutants into water bodies. Signs of polluted water include bad tastes and smells, decreased fish populations, and presence of oil or algae. Water quality depends on its intended use for activities like drinking, industry, or recreation. Parameters for assessing quality include physical aspects like turbidity, as well as chemical and microbiological components. Eutrophication is excessive nutrient loading that causes overgrowth of aquatic plants and algae, reducing water quality over time. Proper treatment and controls are needed to prevent pollution and eutrophication of important water resources.

2. Name ID-No.

3. Water pollution
• Water pollution can be defined as alteration in
physical, chemical or biological characteristics
of eater through natural or human activities
making it unsuitable for its designed use.
• It can be also defined as the presence in water, of
some foreign substances or impurities in such
quantity so as to constitute a health hazard by
lowering the water quality and making it unfit for
use.

5. Signs of polluted water
• Bad taste of drinking water
• Offensive odours from rivers, lake and oceans
• Decrease in number of fish in fresh water and
sea water
• Oil & grease floating on the surface
• Unchecked growth of aquatic weeds

6. Water quality standards
The definition of water quality depends
on the intended use of the water which
may be either human consumption or
it may be for
industries,irrigation,power generation,
recreation etc…..

7. Water quality parameters criteria
• Quantity of water can be divided in to
1) Physical
2) Chemical
3) Microbiological
>>Physical parameters includes
a) Turbidity
b) Colour
c) Odour
d) Taste
e) tempreture

8. >>Chemical parameters includes
a) Solids
b) Hardness
c) Chlorides
d) Ph
e) Dissolved gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen,
sulphide
>>Microbiological parameters
Includes various microorganisms
(bacteria,virus,protozoa,worms)
present in water it may be pathogenic or non
pathogenic…

12. EUTROPHICATION
We can define eutrophication as excessive nutrient
load in a water body or enrichment of water body by
nutrients…
Nutrients may becomes pollutants if their
concentration in sufficient to allow excessive growth
of aquatic plants,especially algae.
Depending upon the increasing levels of
productivity,the water bodies can be classified in to..
1-Oligotrophic: water with poor nutrient status and
very low productivity of aquatic plants….

13. 2-Masotrophic: water with moderate nutrient
status and moderate productivity of aquatic
plants…
3-Eutrophic: water with rich nutrient status and
high productivity of aquatic plants….
A young lake or a newly formed lake has low
nutrient content and has low plant productivity
.with passage of time such lakes acquires
nutrients from surface runoff from agricultural
fields, domestic sewage etc which ultimately
increases aquatic growth. In this way the
oligotrophic water bodies turns gradually into
masotrophic water body…..

14. With time the nutrient status of the water bodies
gradually increase. Which leads to more biological
productivity and algae blooms occurs and water
becomes murky. The lake thus become eutrophic….
The industrial wastes, municipal waste water, run off from
agricultural lands provide plenty of phosphates,
nitrates and various minerals stimulating algal growth.
Due to which water becomes green. In due to course of
time the algal bloom may die..so, turbidity increase
which reduces the acceptability of water as a domestic
source. Again because of silt and organic lake will
become shallower and shallower more plants take
roots along the shallow edges and the lake slowly
transforms in to a marsh and finally converted in to dry
land………..

15. CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION
>Encouraging reuse of water..
>To avoid thermal pollution hot water should be cooled
before releasing it in to water bodies..
>Increasing the vegetative cover to reduce water
pollution due to soil erosion..
>Advanced treatments for removal of nitrates and
phosphates should be adopted to prevent
eutrophication..
>Washing of clothes and taking bath directly in river lake
which supply drinking water should be prohibited..
>By enforcing stringent standards for disposal of sewage
and industrial waste in to water bodies…
>pesticides and fertilizers should be judiciously used to
reduce chemical pollution due to surface runoff from
farms….

16. MARINE POLLUTION
Sea and ocean which covers about two third of the earth pays a vital role in
maintaining the fundamental biological and ecological balance. man uses sea
for different purposes like food, adventure, commerce. The man kind is for
the disposal of different types of waste.
Marine pollution can be defined as the introduction of substance to the
marine environment directly or indirectly by humans, resulting is marine
activities and lowering of the quality of sea water.
Sea is a major sink or reservoir for all the pollutants. Pollutants can enter
the sea directly from the outfalls and sometimes from coastal town but
most frequently they enter from estuaries. pollutants also reach the sea
indiectly from rivers which receive which receive many pollutants from
their catchments.
Marine pollutants can be in to six broad categories:
(1) Organic waste (sewage and other oxygen demanding waste )
(2) Oil
(3) Heavy metals
(4) heat
(5) pesticides and herbicides
(6) radioactive substances

17. Effect of marine pollution
The major effect of marine pollution is on the aquatic ecosystem
Effects of marine pollution can be summarized as follows:
1. Disposal of large amount of organic waste in to sea causes phytoplankton
blooms or red tides causing discolourisation of the whole area of water.
2. Oil spill/sticks have damaging impacts on marine and bird species, and salt
marches. It also affects mangrove swamps which tends to trap oil,
affecting their flowering, fruiting and germination.
3. It causes clogging of gills of marine species. This further has an impact on
commercially important marine species, reducing the market value of sea
food.
4. Drill cuttings dumped on the sea bed create anaerobic conditions and
result in the production of toxic sulphides in the bottom sediments, thus
eliminating the benthic fauna.
5. Contaminated/polluted sea water imparts an unpleasant flavour to the
fish and sea food and is detectable even at extremely low levels of
contamination. Thus there would be significant economic loss to the sea
food industry.

18. Control of marine pollution
• 1.sewage should be given complete treatment before diposing it in
to the sea
• 2.toxic pollutants from the industries should not be discharged to
the sea.
• 3.damping of toxic,hazardous waste and sewage should be
banned.
• 4.oil ballast should not be dumped vin to the sea.
• 5.developement activities on the coastal areas should be
minimized.
• 6.run off from the non point sources should be prevented to reach
coastal areas.
• 7.ecologically sensitive coastal areas should be protected by not