Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies from various sources such as factories, sewage treatment plants, agricultural and livestock farms, and urban settlements. Major causes of water pollution include improper disposal of sewage and industrial waste, oil spills, seepage from landfills, excess fertilizers and pesticides, and littering. Water pollution has wide-ranging negative impacts like endangering plant and animal species, causing eutrophication, contaminating food sources, and affecting human health. It also leads to significant economic losses for industries like fishing and tourism.

1. Water Pollution

2. What do you see here?

4. So much Water Pollution !

5. What is Water Pollution? Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly into water bodies such as rivers, lakes and seas . It also occurs when air and land pollutants are blown by wind or washed by rain into water bodies . Urban settlements discharge many forms of pollutants into canals, drains and sewer pipes which eventually find their way into the rivers and seas. Sources of pollutants include factories, sewage treatment plants, runoff of chemicals from agricultural plantations and live-stock farms.

7. What is wrong here? The people below are taking care of their home and car, but they are doing many things that can damage the environment, especially our water.

8. Various Sources of Water Pollution Oil Spill

9. Causes of water pollution 1) Improper disposal of sewage Sewage refers to solid or liquid waste that is produced by households or industries. It contains human waste, detergent and chemicals. When untreated sewage is discharged into rivers and seas, water pollution occurs. A sign warns people that the river is polluted with sewage.

10. Various Sources of Water Pollution Oil Spill

11. Causes of water pollution 1) Improper disposal of sewage (continued) Industrial waste contains large amounts of toxic chemicals. Heavy water pollution occurs when untreated industrial waste is irresponsibly discharged into water bodies. Sewage is treated at sewage treatment plants to remove its waste products before it is released into water bodies. Sewage treatment process Some substances in detergents, sprays and even body lotions and shampoo are non-biodegradable and cannot be removed by sewage treatment processes.

12. Various Sources of Water Pollution Oil Spill

13. Causes of water pollution 2) Oil spills Oil spills occur when the hull of an oil tanker is torn by sharp rocks or when a tanker collides with another ship, causing the oil it is carrying to spill into the sea.

14. Oil Spills and How it Spreads!

15. Cases of Oil Spill in History In 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker went off course, hit rocks, and released large amounts of oil into Alaska’s Prince William Sound. This accident cost some US$2.1 billion to clean up. Photo of black sea. Photo of tanker oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Photo of oil on the beach.

16. Cases of Oil Spill in History In 2002, the oil tanker Prestige sank off the coast of Spain and over two years leaked twice as much oil as the Exxon Valdez.

17. Oil spill in Lebanon caused by bombing of the Jiyyeh power plant on the 15th July 2006. Cases of Oil Spill in History

18. Slick lawyers Containment booms and filtration pumps HOW DO OIL COMPANIES USUALLY DEAL WITH OIL SPILLS? CHECK ONE:

19. Clean up the Oil Spill Activity

20. Cleaning up the Oil Spill!

21. Various Sources of Water Pollution Oil Spill

22. Causes of water pollution 2) Oil Spillages However, much more oil is released from other smaller, day-to-day and less visible activities. Current studies have shown that most ocean oil pollution comes from activities on land. These include normal operation of offshore wells, washing oil tankers, loading and unloading of oil tankers at ports, and leaks from oil pipelines, refineries and storage tanks.

23. Causes of water pollution 3) Seepage from landfills

25. Causes of water pollution 4) Excess Fertilizers and Pesticides

26. Littering & Dumping Fertilizers, Pesticides & herbicides Seepage from landfills Oil Spills Sewage (non-biodegradable) Water Pollution

28. Even desert isles become dumps When a scientist visited in 1991, he found over 950 pieces of trash in a 1.5-mile (2.4-km) stretch of beach. Here's an inventory of the litter

29. Bird’s Feathers in Oil Spill Activity

30. Extent of water pollution 1) Endangering plant and animal species In an oil spill, sea birds cloaked with oil will freeze to death as their feathers cannot insulate air to protect them from the cold. The oil also clogs the birds’ feathers and makes them unable to fly or float on water. They will drown as a result.

33. Extent of water pollution Endangering plant and animal species - Eutrophication Household waste contains excess nitrogen and phosphorus which encourage the growth of algae on river and ocean surfaces. With the algae covering the water surface, sunlight cannot penetrate and reach the aquatic plants beneath the water surface, causing them to die as photosynthesis cannot occur. As a result, aquatic and marine animals that depend on these plants for food will be affected. Algae covering the surface of a river

35. What leads to Eutrophication?

36. What happens when Eutrophication strikes?

37. Example of Eutrophication

38. Extent of water pollution 2) Negative impact on human health Chemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds, kill spawning fish and accumulate in the tissues of bottom marine feeders.

39. Our trash kills. 3) Eating Poisonous marine food When odds and ends of life on land-- particularly plastics--end up in the sea, they pose hazards to marine life. Animals drown or strangle from getting tangled in discarded or lost fishing gear, or suffer and even die from eating plastics and other garbage. Our trash kills. A northern sea lion, entangled in an old net Biologists who performed an autopsy on an emaciated male whale beached at Sea Side Heights, New Jersey, found this party balloon, ribbon still attached, blocking the animal's digestive tract. courtesy of Marine Mammal Stranding Center

40. It is all a big food chain! These chemicals and toxins can be passed on in the food chain and eventually reach us when we consume the contaminated animals.

41. Contamination of water by sewage bacteria Normal Circumstances: Clean Water

42. Negative impact on human health People, especially in poor developing countries, can suffer from cholera and typhoid when they drink contaminated water.

43. Minamata Area Kyushu Honshu

44. Extent of water pollution Economic loss Oil spills threaten the fishing industry and fishermen’s livelihood.

45. Extent of water pollution Economic loss Oil spills can also pollute beaches and affect tourism. Needles and syringes washed up onto Long Island and New Jersey beaches during the summer of 1988. Estimated costs from lost tourism and recreation that year were as high as $3 billion

46. Extent of water pollution Economic loss Cleaning up oil spills requires an international effort and is a very expensive task. Scientists have estimated that no more than 15 percent of the oil from a major oil spill is recovered in a cleanup operation. The cheapest way and the most effective approach is to prevent oil pollution.

47. Littering & Dumping Fertilizers, Pesticides & herbicides Seepage from landfills Oil Spills Sewage (non-biodegradable) Water Pollution Eutrophication Endangering Species Negative Effects on Health

48. World marine scientists warned at the start of 2001: “Microbiological contamination of the sea has precipitated a health crisis with massive global implications.”

52. Pollution at the Beach!