This document discusses water pollution, including its definition, types of pollutants, sources, effects, and ways to prevent it. It defines water pollution as any physical or chemical change in water that harms humans or other organisms. The major types of pollutants are pathogens, inorganic materials, organic materials, suspended solids, and radioactive materials. Sources include sewage, agriculture, oil, erosion, and industrial/domestic waste. Effects are risks to human and animal health. Prevention methods center around proper waste disposal, reducing runoff, and recycling/reusing water.

1. WATER POLLUTION

2.  GROUP MEMBERS:
NIKHIL RAUT:44
SHASHANK ANANTWAR:97
HARSHAL WAKODIKAR:98

3.  Water Pollution: Types, Effects, and Sources
1) What is water pollution?
2) Major types of pollutants, sources and
effects.
3) Point and nonpoint sources
4) Is the water safe to drink?

4.  Definition of Water Pollution:
Any physical or chemical change in water that
adversely affects the health of humans and other
organisms is known as water pollution. Water pollution
is the contamination of water bodies (like oceans, seas,
lakes, rivers, aquifers and groundwater) usually caused
due to human activities. Water pollution is any change
in the physical, chemical or biological properties of
water that will have a detrimental consequence o any
living organism.

5. Currently:
1) 80% of the water is located in the south.
2)More than 70% of the rivers and lakes are
polluted.
3)59.6% of underground water cannot be used
directly for drinking because of pollution.
4)55% of China’s 50,000 rivers that existed in the
1990s have disappeared.
5)China has more than 400 cities short of water,
some 110 of which are facing severe scarcity.

6.  Major types of pollutants:-
1)Pathogens:
Pathogens can be bacteria, protozoa or viruses. For
example bacteria Are commonly found in water; it is
when they start to increase in numbers that are above
safe levels that water contamination occurs.

7. 2) Inorganic Material:
Inorganic materials- in particular heavy metals like arsenic,
mercury, copper, chromium, zinc and barium, though harmless
in very small concentrations, act as pollutants when they end
up concentrated in water. This can be due to leaching from
waste disposal, increased human activity or industrial
accidents. This kind of water pollution, especially in higher
concentrations, can cause severe health problems in humans
and other organisms, up to and including death.

8. 3) Organic Material:
These materials contain molecules that have carbon in their
makeup. One of the most frequently detected volatile organic
materials is methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). MTBE was
formerly used as an air cleaning gas additive.
Although it is now a banned chemical, it will take years before
MBTE is thoroughly removed from contaminated water
systems. Water contaminated with this organic chemical can
cause leukemia, lymphoma and tumors in the testicles, thyroid
glands and kidneys.

9.  Water Pollutants:

10. 4) SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND SEDIMENTS:
These comprise of silt, sand and minerals
eroded from land. These appear in the water
through the surface runoff during rainy season
and through municipal sewers. This can lead to
the siltation, reduces storage capacities of
reservoirs. Presence of suspended solids can
block the sunlight penetration in the water,
which is required for the photosynthesis by
bottom vegetation.

11. 4) RADIOACTIVE POLLUTANTS
Radioactive materials originate from the following:
Mining and processing of ores,
Use in research, agriculture, medical and industrial
activities, such as I131, P32, Co60, Ca45, S35, C14,
etc.
Radioactive discharge from nuclear power plants
and nuclear reactors, e.g., Sr90, Cesium Cs137,
Plutonium Pu248, Uranium-238, Uranium-235,
Uses and testing of nuclear weapons. These isotopes
are toxic to the life forms; they accumulate in the

12.  Sources of Water Pollution:
1) sewage(waste water):
The waste water is a source of water pollution from
domestic and industrial processes. Despite strict
regulatory control, the Environment Agency shows that
the water and sewage industry accounted for almost a
quarter of the serious water incidents in England and
Wales in 2006.

13. Sources Of Water Pollution

14. 2) Agricultural Pollution:
The agriculture industry covers 76% of the land area of
England and wales. Agriculture processes such as uncontrolled
spreading of slurries and manure, disposal of sheep dip, tillage,
ploughing of the land, use of pesticides and fertilizers can cause
water pollution. Accidental spills from milk dairies can also
affect the quality of water.

15. 3) Oil Pollution
Every year there are about 3,000 pollution incidents involving oil and fuels
in England and Wales. Oil spillages affect water quality in a number of ways.
Oil can make drinking water unsafe to drink. A substantial amount of oil
released into oceans and seas will destroy wildlife and the ecosystems that
sustain them. Oil spills also reduce oxygen supplies within the water
environment. The main causes of oil related water pollution are:
1) loss from storage facilities
2)spillage during delivery and;
3)deliberate disposal of waste oil to drainage systems

16.  SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION:
Pollution of clean water resources
1)Erosion at water catchments areas.
2)Erosion of rivers.
3)Effluent from rubber and palm oil factories.
4)Effluent from mining site.
5)Effluent from industry area.
6)Effluent from farming area.
7)Effluent from domestic area.

17.  SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION:

18.  SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION:
Puncak Niaga, 2001
1)Effluent from factories and agricultural
activities.
2)Land and forest clearance activities.
3)Mining.
4)Solid waste.
5)Wastewater.

19.  SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION:
DOE, 1998
River cleanliness
25% clean (68.2% - 1989)
65% moderately polluted (29.3% - 1989)
10% polluted (2.5% - 1989)
Source of pollution
43% from farming and domestic.
34% from forest clearance and development.
21% from industries.

20. Sources Of Water Pollution

21.  SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION:
DOE, 1998
Marin pollution:
94.5% by oil and grease.
73.7% by suspended solids.
28.7% by E.coli
Underground water pollution:
3% contents mercury, cadmium and lead.
23% contents phenolic.
40% contents arsenic.

22.  TYPE OF POLLUTION:
1)pH.
2)Organic content (BOD).
3)Suspended solids.
4)Ammonium-nitrogen.
5)Micro bacteria.
6)Heavy metals
7)lead, cuprum, cadmium.
8)Pesticides.

23. Causes of Water Pollution:

24.  Causes of Water Pollution

25. Causes of Water Pollution

26.  Effects of Water Pollution:
The widespread problem of water pollution is harmfull for our health.
Unsafe waterkills more people each year than war and all other forms of
violence combined. Meanwhile, our drinkable water sources are finite: Less
than 1 percent of the earth’s freshwater is actually accessible to us.
Without action, the challenges will only increase by 2050, when global
demand for freshwater is expected to be one-third greater than it is now.

27. Effects of Water Pollution:

28.  Effects on Humans

29.  Effects on Animals

30.  Effects on Animals

31.  Effects on Animals

32. Effects of water pollution

33. Effects of water pollution

34.  Preventing Water Polution

35.  Preventing Water Polution

36.  Prevention From Water Pollution:
1) Ensure minimal use of bleach or
detergents. During cleaning of laundry or
cutleries, it is vital to minimize the use of
bleach and detergents. Instead, you can persist
on only using phosphate-free detergents and
soaps.
2) Avoid direct dumping into water systems. By
all means possible, we should desist from
disposing rubbish or any other waste products
into lakes, rivers, streams or oceans. Still, you
can do the best to clean your local water body
whenever you notice rubbish littering the
beaches or banks.

37. 3) Practice tree planting. Planting trees reduce the speed
of surface water runoff and as such, lessens erosion and
prevents toxic substances and chemicals from washing into
water systems. If you live next to a water body, please
take this initiative today and plant trees and vegetation
covers such as flowers, grass, and shrubs.
4) Dispose motor oil, batteries or antifreeze at
specially assigned collection points. Ensure each and
every time you want to dispose used engine oil, batteries
or antifreeze you do so at designated collection points to
avoid the unnecessary contamination of ecosystems which
may end up polluting surface and ground waters.

38. 5) Plastic leftovers such as used plastic water bottles,
disposable plastic plates, and plastic bags frequently end up
in the oceans, lakes, streams and rivers, contaminating
natural habitats and destroying aquatic life.

39. 6) Industries should behave more responsibly
Many industries directly flow their waste everywhere
which reaches rivers through rain water. To prevent
water pollution from industrial wastes, it is required
that these wastes should be disposed of properly.
Some industries follow this rule, and they either
destroy the remaining material, or re-use it safely.

40.  Preventing Water Pollution

41.  Recycling and Reuse of water
Re-cycling and re-use are other ways to prevent water
pollution which can improve the availability of fresh
water. The use of low quality water, such as treated
wastewater in the industries and for washing utensils and
gardening makes the fresh water less contaminated. Such
water can also be used for washing vehicles and we
should use only good quality water for drinking purposes.
Currently, water recycling is being only in a limited
manner. So, we will have to stress more on proper
recycling and reuse of water to prevent water pollution.

42. Conclusion:
There is a lot to keep in mind when it comes to water pollution
prevention, and there are tons of different ways you can get involved if you
so choose. Whether you prefer to talk with the higher-ups in your community
about safer practices relating to water pollution prevention in various industries
or you’re just looking for ways to keep from polluting the water in and around
your home, there are plenty of ideas that can help you get started on a long
journey of water safety.

43. THANKYOU