The document discusses the concept of watersheds, emphasizing their importance for sustaining life and the economy through clean water resources. It highlights the objectives and approaches of watershed management, including land use practices, financial aspects, and community participation. Various soil and water conservation measures are outlined for agricultural and non-agricultural land to prevent erosion and maintain watershed health.

1. GROUP -

2. WATERSHED
The area of land that drains or sheds water into a
specific receiving water body, such as a lake or a
river
As rainwater or melted snow runs downhill in the
watershed, it collects and transports sediment and
other materials and deposits them into the
receiving water body

4.  Watershed sustains life in more than one way
 According to the Environmental Protection
Agency, more than $450 billion in foods, fibre,
manufactured goods and tourism depends on
clean, healthy watersheds
 Healthy watersheds are also very important for the
sustenance of human life
IMPORTANCE OF WATERSEHD

5. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
The process of implementing land use practices and
water management practices to protect and improve
the quality of water and other natural resources
within a watershed by managing the use of those
land and water resources in a comprehensive
manner

6. OBJECTIVES OF WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT
Protecting, conserving and improving the land
resources for efficient and sustained production
Protecting and enhancing water resources,
moderating floods, increasing irrigation and
conserving rainwater for crops

7. PERSPECTIVE OF WATERSHED
DEVELOPMENT
HYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS :Hydrological
behaviour of watershed is influenced by watershed
conditions
These measure effects flood control, soil moisture
conservation and land use
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS :Development
applied locally for developing green foliage, enriches
environment globally in due course of time

8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS : In achieving the
true objective of watershed management, the viewpoint of
individuals and communities, who live in the watershed
should be considered
It also determines the motivation of farmers to make
necessary investment of labour and capital in watershed
development
FINANCIAL ASPECTS : The projects can be funded
by Government or NGO’s
The unit cost of watershed development normally range
from Rs 4500 to Rs 6000 per hectare depending on nature
and location of watershed

9. ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICAL
ASPECTS :
Watershed management requires close collaboration of
various planning and implementing agencies to achieve
full benefits of the programme
Planning should only include those measures and activities
which are acceptable politically

10. APPROACH FOR WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
 People’s participation is the key to watershed
development programmes
 While the main development activities have to be
carried out by the watershed community itself, the
overall facilitation, coordination and supervision of the
whole programme will be responsibility of a PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA)
 The whole setup for the watershed management follows
a hierarchical approach

12. GEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

13. SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
MEASURES FOR WATERSHED
TREATMENT
 Soil and water conservation measures to be employed
depend on the purpose for which the land and water is
to be used
 There are two broad categories

14. I. SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
MEASURES FOR AGRICULTURAL
LAND
CONTOUR BUNDING : A series of
such bunds divide the area into strips
and act as a barrier to the flow of water
GRADED BUNDING : These are
constructed where the excess water
is to be removed safely to avoid
water stagnation

15. BENCH-TERRACING : It is
practiced on steep hill slopes
which involves converting the
ground into level step like fields
by half cutting and half filling
GRASSED WATERWAYS : These
are associated with channel
terraces for safe disposal of
concentrated run off, thereby
protecting the land against rills
and gullies

16. STRIP CROPPING : Strip
cropping consists of a series of
alternate strips of various types of
crops laid out so that all tillage
and crop management practices
are performed across the slope or
on the contours
MULCHING : Mulching of
open land surface of a
cropped area is achieved by
spreading stubble trash or
any vegetation to prevent
soil from blowing or being
washed away

17. II. EROSION CONTROL MEASURE FOR
NON AGRICULTURAL LAND
CONTOURED AND
STAGGERED TRENCHES :
Suitable erosion control in hills
Adopted for hill slopes >20%
GULLY CONTROL STRUCTURE : Gully erosion
usually starts as small rills and then develops into deeper
crevices or ravines in extreme cases

19. SINCE EVERYONE IS A PART OF
WATERSHED
 Don’t pour toxic household chemicals down the drain;
take them to a hazardous waste center
 Recycle yard waste in a compost pile and practice
mulching
 Adopt your watershed

20. THANK YOU