Land disposal is a common method for waste, with about 23 million tons disposed annually worldwide. Waste is buried in landfills or soil. Landfills are a cheap disposal method but require suitable land near waste sources. Modern landfills involve spreading waste in thin compacted layers, then covering with soil. Land disposal poses air, water, and land pollution risks from leachate and gas emissions. Solutions include lining landfills, compacting waste, recycling, composting, on-site treatment, public awareness programs, and providing employment in waste management.

1. Land Disposal of waste and
Environmental Pollution.

4. Land disposal
• Land disposal can be either in or on the ground—in a
landfill, injection well, or other land-based unit.
• Currently, about 23 million tons of hazardous waste
are land disposed each year in the world.

5. • A wide range of wastes and by-products of
industrial processes is being spread on the
land in agriculture, forestry and land
reclamation operations.

6. Types of waste.
• Animal manures
• Waste from food and drinks preparation (sugar beet
processing, meat and fish processing, dairies, vegetable
processing, breweries)
• Blood and gut contents from abattoir
• Waste lime from cement manufacture or gas processing
• Waste from basic organic chemical and pharmaceutical companies
• Paper waste sludge, waste paper and de-inked paper pulp
• Sludge from potable water production
• Decarbonatation sludge from industries
• Dredging
• Waste from the leather and tannery industry
• Slag from steel industry
• Sewage
• Municipals waste

7. Disposal Methods.
• Selecting a disposal method depends almost
entirely on costs, which in turn are likely to
reflect local circumstances.
• Land fill.
• Waste buried in soil.

8. Landfill.
• Disposal of solid wastes on land is by far the most common
method in most of the countries and probably accounts for more
than 90 percent of the world’s municipal refuse.
• Sanitary landfill is the cheapest satisfactory means of
disposal, but only if suitable land is within economic range of the
source of the wastes; typically, collection and transportation
account for 75% of the total cost of solid waste management.
• In a modern landfill, refuse is spread in thin layers, each of which is
compacted by a bulldozer before the next is spread. When about 3
m (about 10 ft) of refuse has been laid down, it is covered by a thin
layer of clean earth, which also is compacted.

10. Bluemandle garbage disposal

11. Issues related to landfill
Air
Pollution
Environmental
pollution
Water
pollution Land
pollution

12. Air pollution
• Gases are generated in landfills through
anaerobic decomposition of organic solid
waste produce bad odor. If a significant
amount of methane is present, it may be
explosive & greatly involve to green house
effect.
• People who lives near those sites may suffer
with respiratory disorders occurring with toxic
gases, dust, and fumes.
• When pollutants get mixed with air, this
causes acid rain. Acid rain degrades the top
soil.

13. Water pollution
• Rain can penetrate and pass through hazardous waste and
can leach out and carry hazardous organic chemicals &
inorganic chemicals such as heavy metals into the
groundwater as well as near by surface water sources.
• People those who utilize the ground water or the surface
water will absolutely expose to those pollutants and severe
health problems may occur.
• Also elements such as N, P, leaching to surface water
sources will be create eutrophication conditions.
• That will increase the biological oxygen demand of water
sources and cause to reduce the bio diversity of water
source. Such places become big environmental and social
problems.

14. Land pollution
• land wasting damages microbial population
and other soil fauna by releasing various toxic
substances & disturbing their normal habitats.
• Garbage dumping, specially plastics, reduce
the soil fertility as they are non biodegradable.
• These waste change the soil texture and
prepare artificial environment inside the soil.
• This will disturbs root movement of trees and
habitats of the soil fauna.

16. Other problems…………………
• health threat to people
• decaying wastes also attract household pests
and result in urban areas becoming
unhealthy, dirty, and unsightly places to reside
in
• damage to terrestrial organisms
• reducing the uses of the land for other, more
useful purposes.

17. •Unpleasant odor when garbage is transported.
•Breeding of mosquito and flies due to landfill .
•Loss in property value.
•Unpleasant odor due to landfill site.
•Arising of dust when garbage vehicles are going.
• Deterioration of road conditions.
• Increase in floods during the rainy season.
•Radio active Nuclear waste buried in the soil is
highly hazardous and can be effect to severe
health and environmental problems.

18. Solutions…………
1. Pollution of surface and groundwater is
minimized by
 lining and contouring the fill,
 compacting and planting the cover
 selecting proper soil,
 diverting upland drainage, placing wastes in
sites not subject to flooding or high
groundwater levels.

20. 2. Recycling
• The practice of recycling solid waste is an ancient
one. Today, recyclable materials are recovered
from municipal refuse by a number of
methods, including shredding, magnetic
separation of metals, air classification that
separates light and heavy
fractions, screening, and washing. Those
screened material are recycling separately with
various processes.

21. Modern municipal waste Recycling plant

22. 3.Pulping process
• Incoming refuse is mixed with water and ground into a
slurry in the wet pulper, which resembles a large
kitchen disposal unit.
• Large pieces of metal and other non-pulpable
materials are pulled out by a magnetic device before
the slurry from the pulper is loaded into a centrifuge
called a liquid cyclone.
• Here the heavier non-combustibles, such as
glass, metals, and ceramics, are separated out and
sent on to a glass- and metal-recovery system;
other, lighter materials go to a paper-fiber-recovery
system.
• The final residue is either incinerated or is used as
landfill

23. 4.Composting.
• It is most appropriate to use in household
scale by allowing biodegradation of
biodegradable organic materials in
household waste using proper separation of
waste.
• Final product can be used as a fertilizer.

24. 5.Onsite treatment and utilization of waste
should be practiced.
6.Generation of socially desirable goal on waste
minimization.
7.Wastes that have severe risks and excessive
problems in disposal should be identified
and those which cannot be neutralized may
need to be restricted at the point of creation
or entry.

25. 8. With proper management and application,
liquid waste can be a resource
(fertilizer,source of moisture) rather than
becoming a pollutant.
9.Provide good awareness to public about
proper waste disposal & management
systems.
10.Provide Employment opportunities in waste
disposal or sewage treatment.

26. References
• http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/tsd/td/ldu/index.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill
• http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/server/show/nav.150
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_pollution
• http://www.sjp.ac.lk/research/pdf/10-03-Nilanthi-
Bandara-environ-impacts-waste.pdf
• http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/index.htm
• http://www.environment.gov.sk.ca/adx/aspx/adxGetM
edia.aspx?DocID=963d3581-7fc3-4797-ac75-
dce206b5d61b&MediaID=1428&Filename=Liquid+Do
mestic+Waste+Disposal.pdf&l=English

27. Thank you…

28. Our Team