The document discusses vernacular architecture in Kerala and its adaptation to warm and humid climate conditions, highlighting construction styles that prioritize functionality, local materials, and environmental harmony. It details various house types, including nalukettu and ettukettu, illustrating their spatial organization and cultural significance. Additionally, it emphasizes Laurie Baker's design philosophy in the Centre for Development Studies, which focuses on energy efficiency, natural elements, and innovative use of materials.

1. SECONDARY CASE STUDY
MODERN AND VERNACULAR BUILDING
OF
WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC
ZONE
PREPARED BY:
DHVANI P. RAGHVANI
ROLL NO.:6 ROLL NO.: B

3. WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC ZONE
ENVIRONMEMTAL CONDITIONS:
o TEMPERATURE IS
MODERATELY HIGH
DURING DAY AND
NIGHT
o VERY HIGH HUMIDITY
AND RAINFALL
o DIFFUSED SOLAR
RADIATION IF COULD
COVER IS HIGH AND
INTENSEIF SKY IS
CLEAR
o CALM TO VERY HIGH
WINDS FROM
PREVILING WIND
DIRECTIONS
o ABUNDANT
VEGETATION
o PROVISION FOR
DRAINAGE OF WATER
REQUIRED
OBJECTIVES:
o INCREASE EXPOSURE TO
PREVAILING WINDS
o RESISTS HEAT GAIN BY
DECREASING EXPOSED
SURFACE AREA
o LIGHT WEIGHT
CONSTRUCTION AND
HIGHTHERMAL
RESISTANCE
o GOOD VENTILATION RATE
THROUGHOUT THE DAY
o DECREASE HUMIDITY
LEVELS
o VENTILATED ROOF
CONSTRUCTION ENABLING
WATER RUN-OFF

4. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF KERALA
• The term
vernacular
architecture is an
architecture style
that is designed
based on:
• Local needs
• Availability on
construction
materials
• Reflecting ion local
traditions
• Originally;
vernacular
architecture did
not use formally
schooled
architecture
• Skills and tradition
local builders.

6. VASTU SHASTRA
• dwelling or house
with a
corresponding plot
of land.
• The designs are
based on
directional
alignments.
• It is concerned
primarily with
architecture –
building houses ,
forts, temples,
apartments, and
other buildings.

7. TYPES OF HOUSES
• USUALLY THE SINGLE HOUSES ARE CALLED ‘SALA’ IN THATCHUSASTRA.
• IF A HOUSE CONSTRUCTED FACING THE SOUTH AND THE EXTENSIONS ARE
TAKEN FROM THE EASTERN AND WESTERN EDGES, IT BECOME HOUSE WITH
HREEPARTS, THIS S CALLED ‘CHULLI’ AS PER HATCHUSASTRA.
• IF EXTENSION FRON BOTH THE ENDS OF A HOUSE FACING THE NORTH IS
MADE IT CALLED ‘HIRANYABHI’.
• IF TWO SEPARATE SALAS EXISTING ONE AT THE SOUTH AND THE OTHER AT
THE NORTH AREJOINTE BY A LONG THOUGH SUCH A RESISDENCE IS CALLED
‘KANCHAM’.
• IF THE EAST AND WEST ARE JOINING BY A LONG SUCH A RESISDENCE IS
CALLED ‘SIDHARDHAKAM’.

9. TYPES OF HOUSES
RECTANGULAR SINGLE-HALL BUILDING
(EKASHALA) WITH GRANARY (ARA)
IN THIS TYPLOGY THE GRANARY BECOE THE
MOST SIGNIFICANT ADITION.THE MAJOR
ZONING CONSISTES OF VERANDA THAT
BECOME THE OUTER ZONE AND THE INNER
CORE CONSISTS OF GRANARY,KITCHEN AND
THE FUNCYIONS ROOM ETC
SOMETIMES SUCH HOUSES ARE
CONSTRUCTED AS AN ANNEX TO
THE MAIN HOUSE.

13. TYPES OF HOUSES
EKASHALA WITH COURTYARD LIKE EXTENSION
THIS HOUSING TYPOLOGY IS
VARIATION OF NALUKETTU
WHEREIN THE COURTYARD IS
SMALLER AND ACTS AS WATER
CISTERN.
THE COURTYARD ACTS AS A
TRANSITION SPACE BETWEEN THE
MAIN BULDING AND THE
ANNEX.THIS TRANSITION SPACE IS
ESSENTIAL AS TO CREATE IS
DISTRICT DEMARCATION BETWEEN
THE PUBLIC ZONE WHICH IS THE
MAIN HOUSE AND THE PRIVATE
ZONE WHICH IS THE ANNEX.

14. TYPES OF HOUSES : NALUKETTU
• IF ALL THE FOUR STRCUTURE ABOVE
ARE JOINED AS ONE HOUSE IT IS
CALLED A ‘NALUKETTU’.
• THERE WILL BE
‘POOJA MURI’(PLACE OF WORSHIP)
‘NELLARA’ (ROOM FOR KEEPING
PADDY)
• ON BOTH THE SIDE THERE WILL BE
TWO BED ROOMS ‘THEKKINI’ AND
‘KIZHAKINI’ ARE MEANT RECEVIRNG
GUESTS.
• ‘VADAKKINI’ IS FOR COOKING AND
DINNING.
• IN THE MIDDLE OF THE STRUCTURE
THERE WILL BE THE CENTRAL YARD
WHICH WILL BE IN A RECATAGULAR
SHAPE ‘NADUMUTTAM’.
• THERE IS AN UNDERGROUND CAVE
FOR FLOWING CUT THE RAIN WATER.

16. TYPES OF HOUSES : ETTUKETTU
• AN ‘ETTUKETTU’ IS
THAT WHICH IS
JOINED BY TWO
‘NALUKETTUS’.
• AN ETTUKETTU
WILL HAVE TWO
‘NADUMUTTAM’S.

18. CONCLUSION
• THESE BUILDINGS ARE A GOOD EXAMPLE OF THE SAYING ‘FORM
FOLLOWS FUNCTION’.
• THE DESIGN EXIBITS A RANGE OF CONCEPTS APPLIED BY LAURIE BAKER,
TO THE INDIVIDUAL BULDING AS PER SUITING TO THEIR NEEDS OF
FUCTION, SCALE, AND DIMENSION.

19. CENTRE FOR
DEVELOPME
NT STUDY
LAURIE BAKER

21. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY
• BAKERS DESIGN WAS SIMPLE
YET ATTRACTIVE AIMING AT
LESS CONSUMPTION OF
ENERGY AS IN THE HOSTEL
BUILDING OF CENTRE FOR
DEVELPOMENT STUDIES.
• HIS DESIGNS ARE GENERALLY
ACCOMPLISHED WITH BRICK
WIRK AND VERNACULAR
MATERIAL LIKE LIME,
MANGLORETILE, STONE ETC.
• IT IS A PLEASURE TO SEE CDS
ON SLOPING CONTOURED
SITE WHOSE EACH
STRUCTURE CURLRD IN A
WAVW, SEMICIRCLE IN ARC.

22. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY
• BAKER PAID MORE
ATTENSION TO THE
CONTOUURES ON
THE SITE AND
LOCATION OF TREES.
• BAKER SIMPLY
MOULDS WALS
AROUND TREES SO AS
NOT TO DISTURB IT,
• HE MANUPULATE
NATURAL ELEMENT
TO ACHIEVE
COMFORT.

23. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY
• THERE ARE LITTLE COURTYARDS IN BETWEEN BUILDINGS, OFTEN ACTING AS
AN EXTENSION OF THE BUILDING ITSELF AND ALSO POOLS OF WATER WHICH
HELP TO MICROCLIMATIC CONTROL THROGH EVAPORATING COOLING.

24. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY
• The lime is made by bringing the sea shells from a few the outer wall of the library
tower is provided with opening near the sloping terrace accompanied by the
framed glass window and the most profound earthly element compressive strength
brick.

25. 1.FOYER 2. ROOM 3.TOILET 4.BALCONY Exterior Jali wall
WOMEN’S HOSTEL

26. WOMEN’S HOSTEL MEN’S HOSTEL

27. MEN’S HOSTEL

28. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY
• Flooring:
• It is in red oxide
which imparts a
cool comfortable
base.
• There are
external
pavements in
concrete, inset
with granite
aggregates in the
shape of flowers
and leafs.

29. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY
• Roof:
• The roof of the
library is a
traditional roof
made up of the
vernacular
material the
Mangalore tile
over the folded
concrete slab as
filler also helped
in lightening the
roof weight and
eliminating the
use of timber.

30. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY
• Staircase;
• Library tower is
circular with
circular staircase
in centre.
• It has circular
hollow shaft all
the way having
small opening on
each level it
maintaining good
flow of wind, it is
based on the
simple principle
of stack effect.

31. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY
• Jali:
• It is earthly
perforated
screens which
diffuse glare and
encourage air
flow.
• Numerous
designs creating
amazing patterns
of light and shade
inside the
building while at
the same time
letting wind and
light.

32. CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDY
• Filler slab:
• It is one such cost
effective roofing system
which is based on the
concrete portions and
insured placing filler
material there.
• The material used as a
replacement includes
bricks, tiles, cellular
concrete blocks.
• This technique is cost
effective is used at each
storey of library tower.

34. Thank you