Vernacular architecture is characterized by the use of local materials and knowledge without professional architects. It uses simple, practical designs suited to the environment. Materials may include bamboo, mud, timber, stone, and later plastics and concrete. Each example follows traditions of the region. Factors like climate, available materials, culture, and lifestyle influence the forms. In different climates, structures are adapted through site orientation, insulation, ventilation, and other techniques. Vernacular architecture evolves over time based on the environmental, cultural, and historical context.

1. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
P.P. SAVANI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
PRINCE SHINGALA
HARSH VAGHASIYA
HARSH RADADIYA
ARTH BARVALIYA
BHAVIN PALADIYA
DIVYESH PADSALA
POOJA RAJPARA

2.  WHAT IS VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE ?
 Vernacular architecture is architecture characterised by the use of local material and
knowledge ,usually without the supervision of professional architects.
 Vernacular building are typically simple and practical.
 Design of the vernacular architecture construction people used generally bamboos, mud,
timber and stone but in a residential houses we use brick tiles, concrete, plastics, fibres etc.
 In short “ ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT ARCHITECT”

3.  Why they are Vernacular ?
 Each example is Vernacular because they came from a tradition of
some kind
 For example- The log hut was built a certain way because of a tradition.

4.  Bamboo
 Mud
 Stone
 Laterite
 Timber
 MATERIAL

5.  CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE
 Rammed Earth
 Wattle and Daub

6.  Timber framed
 Pile dwelling
 CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE

7.  SHELTER
 A place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger.

8. FORMS

9.  The way of life of building occupants, and the way they use their
shelters, is of great influence on building forms.
 The size of family units, who shares which space, how food is prepared
and eaten, how people interact and many other cultural
considerations will affect the layout and size of dwellings.
 Culture also has a great influence on the appearance of vernacular
buildings, as occupants often decorated buildings in accordance with
local customs and beliefs.
 CULTUER

10.  Regional Variation
 Hilly areas: In hilly areas rocky rubble, ashlar, mud mortar to form
walls. Houses on hills usually have two stories, with the livestock living
on the ground floor. The roof is pitched to deal with the monsoon
season and the house may sit on raised plinths or bamboo poles to
cope with floods.
 Flat lands: On flat lands the houses are generally made of mud or
sun baked bricks and then plastered inside out Bamboo is used for
the construction of all parts of the home as it is flexible and resilient.
Building material depends on location.

11.  KACHCHA
 PAKKA
 A kachcha is a building made of natural materials such as mud, grass, bamboo,
thatch or sticks and is therefore a short-lived structure.
 The advantage of a kachcha is that construction materials are cheap and easily
available and relatively little labor is required.
 A pakka is a structure made from materials resistant to wear, such as forms of
stone or brick clay tiles, metal or other durable materials. such structures are
expensive to construct as the materials are costly and more labor is required.
 SEMI - PUKKA
 A combination of the kachcha and pukka style, the semi pukka, has evolved as
villagers have acquired the resources to add elements constructed of the
durable materials characteristic of a pukka.

12.  CONCLUSION
 Tends to evolve over time to reflect the Environmental. Cultural and
Historical context in.
 which it exists.
 Provides desired comfort.
 Being energy efficient.
 Withstand the climate.
 Transported by local traditions

13.  Vernacular architecture is fully based on climate
 In vernacular architecture, vernacular building is made out of locally
available material which is supported to that particular climate
 This kind of architecture is used for readusing the heat and, give natural
lights and cool winds
 CLIMATE
• TYPES OF CLIMATES
i. Hot And Dry
ii. Warm And Humid
iii. Cold And Sunny
iv. Cold And Cloudy
v. Composite
vi. Moderate

14.  Hot And Dry
 Appropriate Orientation
 Insulation Of Building Envelope
 Air locks, Balconies, Lobbies, Verandas
 Overhangs, Fins, Trees
 Windows& Exausts
 Wind Towers, Courtyards
 Water Bodies
 Evaporative Cooling

15.  Warm And Humid
 Roof Insulation And Wall Insulation
 Reflective Surface Of Roof
 Ventilated Roof Construction
 Maximize Cross Ventilation
 Proper Arrangement Of The Openings
 Measures To Prevent Material From Corrosion

16.  Cold And Sunny
 The Buildings Are Made From Stone, Mud And Clay.
 Buildings Are Very close.
 Very few &Very small Openings.
 Fireplace is Necessary

17.  Cold And Cloudy
 The Mud and Bamboo Wall
 Roof Overhangs on all Sides to Protect The Core Spaces
 Roof is of Thick Stone Slab or Country Tiles.
 Fireplaces & Chimneys

18.  Composite
 More or Less as in Hot and Dry Region
 Air locks and Balconies
 Wind Barriers and Trees
 Thicker Walls
 Dehumidifiers and Desiccant Cooling
 Trees & Ponds for Evaporative Coolings
 Roof Insulation &Wall Insulation

19.  Moderate
 Reduce Heat Gain by Shading Devices
 Walls Facing East & West Protected by Overhangs
 Courtyard Plan
 Winter Heating is More Important
 Smalls Openings in Exterior of Building
 Proper Cross Ventilation

20.  Material : mud & wood
 location : rander entrance gate
 reference: site visit

21.  TODA HOUSE  Frame work

22. P.P. SAVANI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE