The document discusses volumetric analysis in chemistry, specifically focusing on titration, which is a method for determining the concentration of an unknown solution using a known solution. It details important terms, types of titration, necessary apparatus, and the procedural steps involved. Additionally, it emphasizes safety precautions and provides formulas for calculating molarity and strength.

2. Prof. Sohaib Hasnain
Punjab Group of Colleges, Faisalabad
CHEMISTRY

3. VOLUMETIC
ANALYSIS
“It is a quantitative analysis in which amount of
substance is determined in the solution. For this
purpose, we titrate the solution against the other
solution whose concentration is known”

4. SOME IMPORTANT TERMS:
STANDARD SOLUTION :
The solution whose concentration is already known
Concentration :
It is relative amount of solute in a solution
STRENGTH :
when the amount of substance dissolved in a solution is expressed in gram per
dm3

5. WHAT IS TITRATION
“IT IS THE PROCESS OF FINDING THE CONCENTRATION OF
UNKNOWN SOLUTION”
Types
• Acid Base titration
• Redox titration
• Compelxometric titration

6. APPARATUS
• Burette
• Pipette
• Conical flask
• Burette stand
• Pipette sucker
• Beaker
• Measuring Flask

10. DIFFERENCE B/W TITRANT AND
TITRAND
Titrant : The solution which is taken in burette
Titrand : The solution which is taken in Conical Flask

11. PROCEDURE
• Fill the titrant in burette
• take 10 cm3 titrand in conical flask
• Add 2-3 drops of indicator to the flask
• Now add the solution from burette to the flask drop wise
• End point shows some change in color
• Note the final reading
• Repeat the experiment for three time

12. CALCULATION
Avarage =
10+10+10
3
= 10 cm3
No. of Obs Initial value Final value Volume used
1 0.0 10.0 10.0 cm3
2 10.0 20.0 10.0 cm3
3 20.0 30.0 10.0 cm3

13. CHEMICAL EQUATION
ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
MOLAR RATIO
For acid n1= 1 mol
For base n2 = 1 mol

14. MOLARITY FORMULA
𝑀1𝑉1
𝑛1
=
𝑀2𝑉2
𝑛2
Strength = Molarity ×Molar mass

15. PRECAUTIONS
• Use lab coat and gloves
• Wash the apparatus before and after use
• Always use funnel for adding solution in burette
• Always use sucker for pipetting out the solution
•