Voltage Divider and Current Divider Rule.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•815 views
The document discusses voltage divider and current divider rules for series and parallel circuits. For a series circuit, the voltage across each resistor is equal to the total supply voltage multiplied by the ratio of that resistor's value to the total resistance. For a parallel circuit, the current through each branch is equal to the total circuit current multiplied by the ratio of the opposite branch's resistance to the total resistance. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating voltages and currents using these rules.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Voltage and current division rule
The document discusses voltage and current division in series and parallel circuits. It provides explanations and examples of how Kirchhoff's laws relate to voltage and current division. In series circuits, voltage divides according to the voltage divider rule while current remains the same. In parallel circuits, current divides according to the current divider rule while voltage remains the same. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating voltage and current values using the divider rules.
Ch_6 Regulated Power Supply (1).ppt
The document discusses different types of power supplies including regulated, unregulated, offline UPS, online UPS, and switch mode power supplies (SMPS). It explains that regulated power supplies use voltage regulating devices like zener diodes or transistors to maintain a constant output voltage regardless of input or load variations. Unregulated supplies do not have this regulation and output voltage fluctuates with input/load. It also compares offline and online UPS configurations and their advantages. Finally, it provides a brief overview of how SMPS work and their benefits over linear power supplies.
Silicon controlled rectifier
This document provides an overview of the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). It discusses the SCR's four-layer semiconductor structure with three p-n junctions. The document outlines the SCR's history, construction, v-i characteristics, switching on and off methods, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Key points covered include the SCR's ability to handle large voltage, current and power; its simple triggering circuit and control; and its limitations for higher frequency use and negative gate current.
Diode v i characteristic
This document discusses the V-I characteristics of a PN junction diode under forward and reverse bias conditions. In forward bias, the current increases exponentially with voltage until reaching a knee point, after which it increases rapidly. In reverse bias, a small leakage current flows until the breakdown voltage is reached, causing a large increase in reverse current. The minimum voltage required for forward conduction is called the knee or threshold voltage, which is around 0.3V for germanium diodes and 0.7V for silicon diodes.
Three phase ac circuit
This ppt is more useful for Civil Engineering students.
I have prepared this ppt during my college days as a part of semester evaluation . Hope this will help to current civil students for their ppt presentations and in many more activities as a part of their semester assessments.
I have prepared this ppt as per the syllabus concerned in the particular topic of the subject, so one can directly use it just by editing their names.
Superposition theorem
The superposition theorem allows the analysis of circuits with multiple sources by considering each source independently and adding their effects. It can be applied when circuit elements are linear and bilateral. To use it, all ideal voltage sources except one are short circuited and all ideal current sources except one are open circuited. Dependent sources are left intact. This allows the circuit to be solved for each source individually and the results combined through superposition. Examples demonstrate finding currents through specific elements in circuits with multiple independent and dependent sources. A limitation is that superposition cannot be used to determine total power due to power being related to current squared.
Thévenin’s Theorems
Thévenin's theorem states that any linear two-terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of an ideal voltage source (VTh) in series with a resistor (RTh). VTh is equal to the open-circuit voltage at the terminals and RTh is the equivalent input resistance when independent sources are turned off. To find the Thevenin equivalent circuit, first the load is replaced with an open circuit to find VTh, then independent sources are turned off to find RTh, the resistance seen looking into the terminals. Once the Thevenin equivalent circuit is determined, it can be used to solve for voltages and currents in the original circuit.
Transistor configurations
This document discusses various transistor configurations and their characteristics. It begins with a quote by Albert Einstein. It then discusses the common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector configurations. For each configuration, it describes the input and output characteristics, showing how the input and output currents and voltages relate. It notes that the common-emitter configuration is most commonly used and describes how to properly bias a common-emitter amplifier. The document also briefly discusses the early effect in transistors.
Recommended
Voltage and current division rule
The document discusses voltage and current division in series and parallel circuits. It provides explanations and examples of how Kirchhoff's laws relate to voltage and current division. In series circuits, voltage divides according to the voltage divider rule while current remains the same. In parallel circuits, current divides according to the current divider rule while voltage remains the same. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating voltage and current values using the divider rules.
Ch_6 Regulated Power Supply (1).ppt
The document discusses different types of power supplies including regulated, unregulated, offline UPS, online UPS, and switch mode power supplies (SMPS). It explains that regulated power supplies use voltage regulating devices like zener diodes or transistors to maintain a constant output voltage regardless of input or load variations. Unregulated supplies do not have this regulation and output voltage fluctuates with input/load. It also compares offline and online UPS configurations and their advantages. Finally, it provides a brief overview of how SMPS work and their benefits over linear power supplies.
Silicon controlled rectifier
This document provides an overview of the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). It discusses the SCR's four-layer semiconductor structure with three p-n junctions. The document outlines the SCR's history, construction, v-i characteristics, switching on and off methods, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Key points covered include the SCR's ability to handle large voltage, current and power; its simple triggering circuit and control; and its limitations for higher frequency use and negative gate current.
Diode v i characteristic
This document discusses the V-I characteristics of a PN junction diode under forward and reverse bias conditions. In forward bias, the current increases exponentially with voltage until reaching a knee point, after which it increases rapidly. In reverse bias, a small leakage current flows until the breakdown voltage is reached, causing a large increase in reverse current. The minimum voltage required for forward conduction is called the knee or threshold voltage, which is around 0.3V for germanium diodes and 0.7V for silicon diodes.
Three phase ac circuit
This ppt is more useful for Civil Engineering students.
I have prepared this ppt during my college days as a part of semester evaluation . Hope this will help to current civil students for their ppt presentations and in many more activities as a part of their semester assessments.
I have prepared this ppt as per the syllabus concerned in the particular topic of the subject, so one can directly use it just by editing their names.
Superposition theorem
The superposition theorem allows the analysis of circuits with multiple sources by considering each source independently and adding their effects. It can be applied when circuit elements are linear and bilateral. To use it, all ideal voltage sources except one are short circuited and all ideal current sources except one are open circuited. Dependent sources are left intact. This allows the circuit to be solved for each source individually and the results combined through superposition. Examples demonstrate finding currents through specific elements in circuits with multiple independent and dependent sources. A limitation is that superposition cannot be used to determine total power due to power being related to current squared.
Thévenin’s Theorems
Thévenin's theorem states that any linear two-terminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of an ideal voltage source (VTh) in series with a resistor (RTh). VTh is equal to the open-circuit voltage at the terminals and RTh is the equivalent input resistance when independent sources are turned off. To find the Thevenin equivalent circuit, first the load is replaced with an open circuit to find VTh, then independent sources are turned off to find RTh, the resistance seen looking into the terminals. Once the Thevenin equivalent circuit is determined, it can be used to solve for voltages and currents in the original circuit.
Transistor configurations
This document discusses various transistor configurations and their characteristics. It begins with a quote by Albert Einstein. It then discusses the common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector configurations. For each configuration, it describes the input and output characteristics, showing how the input and output currents and voltages relate. It notes that the common-emitter configuration is most commonly used and describes how to properly bias a common-emitter amplifier. The document also briefly discusses the early effect in transistors.
Electric circuits and networks Basics
Good at basics is important. This presentation will guide you by explaining Electric Circuits and Networks Basics.
RLC Circuit
An RC circuit consists of resistors and capacitors. When power is supplied, the capacitor charges up by storing electrical charge on its plates. When power is removed, the capacitor discharges its stored charge through the resistor over time. RC circuits have various applications including as high-pass, low-pass, and band-pass filters that allow certain frequency ranges to pass through while blocking others. They play an important role in electrical signal transmission.
BJT CB Configuration
The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-layer semiconductor device made of alternating n-type and p-type materials, known as an npn or pnp transistor. BJTs can be used as amplifiers, switches, or in oscillators. In the common-base configuration, the base terminal is common to both the input and output and usually closest to ground potential. The emitter-base junction is forward biased while the collector-base junction is reversed biased. BJT characteristics include the input, output, active, cutoff, and saturation regions which influence the relationships between emitter, collector, and base currents and voltages.
Application of diode
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that allows current to flow in only one direction. It is used to convert alternating current to direct current through a process called rectification. Diodes come in various types including laser diodes, light emitting diodes, Zener diodes, and silicon diodes. Rectification uses diodes to convert AC to DC through either half-wave or full-wave rectification circuits. Zener diodes are used in the reverse bias mode as voltage regulators. Photodiodes generate current or voltage when illuminated by light and are used in applications like machine vision, range finding, and medical diagnostics.
Norton's theorem
Norton's theorem states that any two-terminal linear dc network can be represented by an equivalent circuit consisting of a current source in parallel with a resistor. The theorem provides steps to calculate the equivalent current source (IN) and resistor (RN) values. First, remove the network and mark the terminals. RN is found by setting sources to 0 and measuring resistance between terminals. IN is found by returning sources and measuring short circuit current between terminals. The Norton equivalent circuit can then be drawn by replacing the original network between the terminals. Examples demonstrate applying the theorem to networks containing resistors and voltage/current sources.
Transistor as a switch
Transistors can be used as switches by operating them in either saturation or cut-off regions. In saturation, the transistor is fully on with maximum collector current and minimum voltage drop. In cut-off, it is fully off with zero collector current and maximum voltage. Transistor switches allow interfacing low voltage digital logic to devices requiring higher voltages and currents, and can be used to control lamps, relays, motors and other loads. The base resistor value must be calculated to fully turn the transistor on above a given input voltage.
Diodes basics
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
A.c circuits
1) Effective current in an AC circuit is 0.707 times the maximum current. Effective voltage is 0.707 times the maximum voltage.
2) Inductive reactance is directly proportional to frequency and inductance. Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency and capacitance.
3) Impedance is the total opposition to current flow in an AC circuit consisting of resistance and reactance. Power is consumed only by the resistive component of impedance and is proportional to the cosine of the phase angle.
fundamentals of electrical engineering
This document discusses basic concepts in electrical circuits including charge, current, voltage, power, energy, circuit elements, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and circuit theorems. It defines:
- Charge as an electrical property measured in coulombs.
- Current as the motion of charge through a conductor measured in amperes.
- Voltage as the energy required to move charge from one point to another measured in volts.
- Power as the rate of expending or absorbing energy measured in watts.
- Basic circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
- Kirchhoff's laws and theorems for circuit analysis like Ohm's law, superposition, Theven
Triac and Diac
This document discusses TRIACs and DIACs. TRIACs are bidirectional semiconductor switches that can control AC in a load. They consist of two SCRs connected in inverse parallel with a common gate. DIACs are also bidirectional semiconductor devices that can be switched from off to on with either polarity of applied voltage. They have no control terminal. Both devices exhibit avalanche breakdown and negative resistance characteristics. TRIACs are used for phase control and lamp switching. DIACs are primarily used to trigger TRIACs in applications like light dimmers and heat controls.
Working principle diode and special diode
This document discusses different types of diodes, including their basic functions and applications. It begins with an overview of basic diodes and their current-voltage characteristics. It then focuses on special diodes like Zener diodes, which maintain a relatively constant voltage when operated in reverse breakdown. Other diodes discussed include varactor diodes, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodiodes, Schottky diodes, laser diodes, PIN diodes, current regulator diodes, step-recovery diodes, and tunnel diodes. Each type has a specialized function and is commonly used in applications like power regulation, displays, optical communications, and high-frequency switching.
Transistor
Transistors are electronic devices made of semiconductor material that can act as both an insulator and conductor. They have three layers - an emitter, base, and collector - and come in two types: NPN and PNP bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). BJTs use both holes and electrons as charge carriers. Transistors have different operating regions - cutoff, linear, and saturation - and can be used as electronic switches or amplifiers by controlling the base current to mimic an input signal with greater amplitude at the collector. Common transistor types include BJTs, JFETs, FETs, and MOS transistors.
Two port network
This document provides information about two-port network parameters including Z, Y, H, and ABCD parameters. It defines a two-port network as having two ports for input and output with two terminals pairs. The document explains that the parameters relate the terminal voltages and currents and can be determined by setting the input or output port to open or short circuit conditions. Examples are given to show how to calculate the parameters for simple circuits. Key points are summarized in less than 3 sentences.
Chapter 1 circuit theorem
1) The document discusses various circuit analysis techniques for AC circuits including mesh analysis, nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem.
2) The key steps for analyzing AC circuits are to first transform the circuit to the phasor domain, then solve the circuit using analysis techniques, and finally transform back to the time domain.
3) Examples are provided for applying each analysis technique to solve for unknown voltages and currents in sample circuits.
Op amps
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are high-gain electronic voltage amplifiers used for mathematical computations. They have differential inputs that amplify the difference between the voltages and provide an output proportional to that difference. Op-amps aim to have infinite gain, infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, and other ideal characteristics. They are made up of stages like input, intermediate, level shifting, and output stages. Common applications include audio amplification, instrumentation, and analog computing.
Zener Diode-As Voltage Regulator
On this presentation describe all the detail of zener diode. And also describe the working as voltage regulator.
Resistance Measurement instruments
Ohm's Law V = I x R (Volts = Current x Resistance). The Ohm (Ω) is a unit of electrical resistance equal to that of a conductor in which a current of one ampere is produced by a potential of one volt across its terminals. 1)Measurement of Low resistance: 1) Ammeter Voltmeter method: This is very popular method for measurement of medium resistances since ...
Dc motors and its types
The document discusses DC motors. It begins with an introduction to DC motors, noting they convert electrical to mechanical energy. It then covers the principles, construction, types, and applications of DC motors. The principles section explains how DC motors work using electromagnetism and the Lorentz force. Construction includes field and armature windings. There are three main types - shunt, series, and compound motors - which vary in how their field windings are connected. Applications include uses for different motor types like fans, tools, and mills.
Op amp(operational amplifier)
This document presents an overview of operational amplifiers (op-amps). It begins with an introduction to op-amps, followed by their circuit symbol, pin diagram, important terms and equations. It describes the ideal properties of an op-amp, as well as non-ideal behaviors. Applications discussed include analog to digital converters, current sources, and zero crossing detectors. Advantages are listed as versatility and uses in various circuits. Disadvantages include limitations in power and load resistance.
Invering and non inverting amplifiers
this presentation is based on basic description of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using op-amps and their medical use, hope it helps students :)
ec ppt
Okay, here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) The circuit consists of two resistors (R1 and R2) in series. So we can find the total resistance (Rt) by adding the individual resistances:
Rt = R1 + R2
= 2 Ω + 3 Ω
= 5 Ω
2) Use Ohm's Law to calculate the current drawn (I) from the battery:
V = I × R
5 V = I × 5 Ω
I = 5 V/5 Ω
= 1 A
Therefore, the current drawn from the 5 volt battery is 1 Ampere (1 A).
ppt on electricty class 10
1) The document is a PowerPoint presentation about electricity created by Dheeraj Kumar Meena for class 10.
2) It covers topics like electric current and circuits, electrical potential and potential difference, Ohm's law, and types of electric circuits.
3) Ohm's law explains the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance and states that at constant temperature, current is directly proportional to potential difference.
More Related Content
What's hot
Electric circuits and networks Basics
Good at basics is important. This presentation will guide you by explaining Electric Circuits and Networks Basics.
RLC Circuit
An RC circuit consists of resistors and capacitors. When power is supplied, the capacitor charges up by storing electrical charge on its plates. When power is removed, the capacitor discharges its stored charge through the resistor over time. RC circuits have various applications including as high-pass, low-pass, and band-pass filters that allow certain frequency ranges to pass through while blocking others. They play an important role in electrical signal transmission.
BJT CB Configuration
The bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a three-layer semiconductor device made of alternating n-type and p-type materials, known as an npn or pnp transistor. BJTs can be used as amplifiers, switches, or in oscillators. In the common-base configuration, the base terminal is common to both the input and output and usually closest to ground potential. The emitter-base junction is forward biased while the collector-base junction is reversed biased. BJT characteristics include the input, output, active, cutoff, and saturation regions which influence the relationships between emitter, collector, and base currents and voltages.
Application of diode
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that allows current to flow in only one direction. It is used to convert alternating current to direct current through a process called rectification. Diodes come in various types including laser diodes, light emitting diodes, Zener diodes, and silicon diodes. Rectification uses diodes to convert AC to DC through either half-wave or full-wave rectification circuits. Zener diodes are used in the reverse bias mode as voltage regulators. Photodiodes generate current or voltage when illuminated by light and are used in applications like machine vision, range finding, and medical diagnostics.
Norton's theorem
Norton's theorem states that any two-terminal linear dc network can be represented by an equivalent circuit consisting of a current source in parallel with a resistor. The theorem provides steps to calculate the equivalent current source (IN) and resistor (RN) values. First, remove the network and mark the terminals. RN is found by setting sources to 0 and measuring resistance between terminals. IN is found by returning sources and measuring short circuit current between terminals. The Norton equivalent circuit can then be drawn by replacing the original network between the terminals. Examples demonstrate applying the theorem to networks containing resistors and voltage/current sources.
Transistor as a switch
Transistors can be used as switches by operating them in either saturation or cut-off regions. In saturation, the transistor is fully on with maximum collector current and minimum voltage drop. In cut-off, it is fully off with zero collector current and maximum voltage. Transistor switches allow interfacing low voltage digital logic to devices requiring higher voltages and currents, and can be used to control lamps, relays, motors and other loads. The base resistor value must be calculated to fully turn the transistor on above a given input voltage.
Diodes basics
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
A.c circuits
1) Effective current in an AC circuit is 0.707 times the maximum current. Effective voltage is 0.707 times the maximum voltage.
2) Inductive reactance is directly proportional to frequency and inductance. Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency and capacitance.
3) Impedance is the total opposition to current flow in an AC circuit consisting of resistance and reactance. Power is consumed only by the resistive component of impedance and is proportional to the cosine of the phase angle.
fundamentals of electrical engineering
This document discusses basic concepts in electrical circuits including charge, current, voltage, power, energy, circuit elements, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and circuit theorems. It defines:
- Charge as an electrical property measured in coulombs.
- Current as the motion of charge through a conductor measured in amperes.
- Voltage as the energy required to move charge from one point to another measured in volts.
- Power as the rate of expending or absorbing energy measured in watts.
- Basic circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
- Kirchhoff's laws and theorems for circuit analysis like Ohm's law, superposition, Theven
Triac and Diac
This document discusses TRIACs and DIACs. TRIACs are bidirectional semiconductor switches that can control AC in a load. They consist of two SCRs connected in inverse parallel with a common gate. DIACs are also bidirectional semiconductor devices that can be switched from off to on with either polarity of applied voltage. They have no control terminal. Both devices exhibit avalanche breakdown and negative resistance characteristics. TRIACs are used for phase control and lamp switching. DIACs are primarily used to trigger TRIACs in applications like light dimmers and heat controls.
Working principle diode and special diode
This document discusses different types of diodes, including their basic functions and applications. It begins with an overview of basic diodes and their current-voltage characteristics. It then focuses on special diodes like Zener diodes, which maintain a relatively constant voltage when operated in reverse breakdown. Other diodes discussed include varactor diodes, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodiodes, Schottky diodes, laser diodes, PIN diodes, current regulator diodes, step-recovery diodes, and tunnel diodes. Each type has a specialized function and is commonly used in applications like power regulation, displays, optical communications, and high-frequency switching.
Transistor
Transistors are electronic devices made of semiconductor material that can act as both an insulator and conductor. They have three layers - an emitter, base, and collector - and come in two types: NPN and PNP bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). BJTs use both holes and electrons as charge carriers. Transistors have different operating regions - cutoff, linear, and saturation - and can be used as electronic switches or amplifiers by controlling the base current to mimic an input signal with greater amplitude at the collector. Common transistor types include BJTs, JFETs, FETs, and MOS transistors.
Two port network
This document provides information about two-port network parameters including Z, Y, H, and ABCD parameters. It defines a two-port network as having two ports for input and output with two terminals pairs. The document explains that the parameters relate the terminal voltages and currents and can be determined by setting the input or output port to open or short circuit conditions. Examples are given to show how to calculate the parameters for simple circuits. Key points are summarized in less than 3 sentences.
Chapter 1 circuit theorem
1) The document discusses various circuit analysis techniques for AC circuits including mesh analysis, nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem.
2) The key steps for analyzing AC circuits are to first transform the circuit to the phasor domain, then solve the circuit using analysis techniques, and finally transform back to the time domain.
3) Examples are provided for applying each analysis technique to solve for unknown voltages and currents in sample circuits.
Op amps
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are high-gain electronic voltage amplifiers used for mathematical computations. They have differential inputs that amplify the difference between the voltages and provide an output proportional to that difference. Op-amps aim to have infinite gain, infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, and other ideal characteristics. They are made up of stages like input, intermediate, level shifting, and output stages. Common applications include audio amplification, instrumentation, and analog computing.
Zener Diode-As Voltage Regulator
On this presentation describe all the detail of zener diode. And also describe the working as voltage regulator.
Resistance Measurement instruments
Ohm's Law V = I x R (Volts = Current x Resistance). The Ohm (Ω) is a unit of electrical resistance equal to that of a conductor in which a current of one ampere is produced by a potential of one volt across its terminals. 1)Measurement of Low resistance: 1) Ammeter Voltmeter method: This is very popular method for measurement of medium resistances since ...
Dc motors and its types
The document discusses DC motors. It begins with an introduction to DC motors, noting they convert electrical to mechanical energy. It then covers the principles, construction, types, and applications of DC motors. The principles section explains how DC motors work using electromagnetism and the Lorentz force. Construction includes field and armature windings. There are three main types - shunt, series, and compound motors - which vary in how their field windings are connected. Applications include uses for different motor types like fans, tools, and mills.
Op amp(operational amplifier)
This document presents an overview of operational amplifiers (op-amps). It begins with an introduction to op-amps, followed by their circuit symbol, pin diagram, important terms and equations. It describes the ideal properties of an op-amp, as well as non-ideal behaviors. Applications discussed include analog to digital converters, current sources, and zero crossing detectors. Advantages are listed as versatility and uses in various circuits. Disadvantages include limitations in power and load resistance.
Invering and non inverting amplifiers
this presentation is based on basic description of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using op-amps and their medical use, hope it helps students :)
What's hot (20)
Similar to Voltage Divider and Current Divider Rule.pptx
ec ppt
Okay, here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) The circuit consists of two resistors (R1 and R2) in series. So we can find the total resistance (Rt) by adding the individual resistances:
Rt = R1 + R2
= 2 Ω + 3 Ω
= 5 Ω
2) Use Ohm's Law to calculate the current drawn (I) from the battery:
V = I × R
5 V = I × 5 Ω
I = 5 V/5 Ω
= 1 A
Therefore, the current drawn from the 5 volt battery is 1 Ampere (1 A).
ppt on electricty class 10
1) The document is a PowerPoint presentation about electricity created by Dheeraj Kumar Meena for class 10.
2) It covers topics like electric current and circuits, electrical potential and potential difference, Ohm's law, and types of electric circuits.
3) Ohm's law explains the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance and states that at constant temperature, current is directly proportional to potential difference.
Basic Electrical Engineering Module 1 Part 1
This document provides an overview of basic electrical engineering concepts including Ohm's Law, series and parallel circuits, and Kirchhoff's Laws. It defines Ohm's Law as stating that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. Kirchhoff's Current Law and Voltage Law are introduced as the principles that the algebraic sum of currents at a junction is zero and the algebraic sum of voltages around a closed loop is also zero. An example circuit problem is worked through using these laws to solve for unknown currents.
BEE.pdf
This document provides an overview of an electrical circuits power point presentation for a B.Tech II semester engineering course. The presentation was prepared by several course instructors and covers topics such as potential difference, basic circuit components, Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits, Kirchhoff's laws, and mesh analysis. It defines key concepts like voltage, current, resistance, and power. Examples are provided to illustrate calculations for series, parallel and compound circuits. Transformation techniques like star-delta are also explained. The goal is to introduce foundational electrical circuit analysis concepts.
Electric circuits 1 series-parallel
This document describes electric circuits and the differences between series and parallel circuits. It includes:
- Descriptions of circuit components like cells, batteries, resistors, and switches used to draw circuit diagrams.
- Explanations of how current, voltage, and resistance work in series circuits compared to parallel circuits. In series circuits, the same current flows through each component and voltage drops add up. In parallel circuits, currents split and voltages are equal across each branch.
- Examples of calculating current, voltage, resistance, power, and solving circuit problems for both series and parallel circuits using formulas like Ohm's law.
Lab report 2
This document summarizes an experiment to verify Ohm's law and analyze resistive circuits. The experiment has two parts: 1) Develop a voltage-current characteristic curve for a resistor to verify Ohm's law. Measure voltage and current at increasing voltage levels and plot the relationship. 2) Determine voltages and currents in series and parallel resistor circuits using voltage and current divider rules. Measure voltages across individual resistors in series to verify calculations match measurements.
Electrical circuits
An electric circuit is a path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow. The point where those electrons enter an electrical circuit is called the "source" of electrons.
BACK to BASIC 3.pdf
This document discusses series and parallel circuits. It begins by explaining series circuits, noting that the same current flows through every part of the circuit and the total resistance is calculated by adding individual resistances. It then explains parallel circuits, noting multiple current paths and that individual voltages are equal to the supply voltage. The document provides examples of calculating current, resistance, and voltage in series and parallel circuits. It concludes by discussing practical applications of series and parallel circuits in voltmeters and ammeters.
Electrcity. with quiz
1. A TV set, a stove and a flatiron are connected in series to a 220-V line. The resistance of the TV set is 20-ohms, the stove 50-ohms, and the flatiron 35-ohms. Find a) the total resistance, b) the amount of current flowing each device and c) the voltage drop across each device.
Lab mech.pptx
This document summarizes an experiment on basic electrical circuits involving a voltage divider and Wheatstone bridge. The voltage divider was used to step down voltage from a power supply and measure the output voltage at different resistances. Measurements showed a directly proportional relationship between output voltage and resistance. The Wheatstone bridge was used to measure an unknown resistance by balancing the bridge and measuring the output voltage. When the unknown and known resistances were equal, the output voltage was zero. Both circuits demonstrated fundamental electrical concepts of voltage division and resistance measurement.
7 j electrical circuits (boardworks)
This document is from a KS3 Physics textbook. It provides information on electrical circuits, including introducing series and parallel circuits. Key points covered include:
- Series circuits have components connected in a single loop so the current is the same throughout. The voltage splits between components.
- Parallel circuits have multiple paths so the current can split and join at junctions. The voltage is the same across each part.
- Energy from batteries is transferred through electrical circuits and converted to other forms like light and heat in bulbs. The total energy transferred equals the chemical energy lost from the battery.
Circuit theory
The document discusses voltage and current dividers, which are basic circuits used to generate a portion of an input voltage or current as an output. A voltage divider uses two resistors connected in series to a voltage source, with the output voltage across the resistors determined by their ratio. Current dividers have parallel branches for current to flow through, with the same voltage across all components. Examples are given of using voltage and current division rules to calculate output voltages and currents.
Physics Class 12 Current Electricity Study material pdf download
Current electricity is a fundamental concept in physics, dealing with the flow of electric charge through a conductor. It forms the basis of various electrical devices and systems that we encounter in our daily lives.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
elec_basics (1).ppt
This document provides an introduction to electricity, including its behavior at the atomic level. It discusses how electricity is created through the movement of electrons between atoms. At the atomic level, atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the element. Electricity flows as electrons move between unfilled valence orbits of atoms. Conductors have atoms with unfilled orbits that allow electron flow, while insulators have filled orbits preventing flow. Ohm's law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in circuits. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel, and Kirchhoff's laws apply to each. Power is the product of current and voltage and measured in watts.
Analogue electronics lec (2)
This document provides an overview of basic circuit laws including Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, and analysis of series and parallel circuits. Ohm's law states that voltage across a resistor is proportional to current through the resistor. Kirchhoff's laws include the junction rule that the total current entering a node equals the total leaving, and the loop rule that the sum of all potential differences around a closed loop is zero. Series and parallel circuits are analyzed using concepts like equivalent resistance, voltage division, and current division. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these circuit analysis techniques.
BEEE-UNIT 1.pptx
The document provides an overview of key concepts in electric circuits including:
- Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws, mesh current analysis, nodal voltage analysis, and Thevenin's and maximum power transfer theorems for analyzing DC circuits.
- Basic terminology and concepts for analyzing AC circuits including RMS values, average values for half wave and full wave rectified signals, and fundamentals of single phase and three phase AC systems.
- Practice problems on theorems and examples of half wave and full wave rectifier circuits are also included.
Energy lesson 10
This document provides information about series and parallel circuits:
1. It explains that a series circuit has one continuous loop with no points for current to split or join, while a parallel circuit has at least one junction where current can split and join across multiple paths.
2. Guidelines are given for measuring current and voltage in series and parallel circuits. Current is the same everywhere in a series circuit but splits across components in a parallel circuit. Voltage is shared across components in series but is the same across parallel components.
3. Energy is transferred but not created or destroyed in circuits. Chemical energy from batteries is converted to electrical and then other forms like light and heat, with efficiency calculated as useful output energy over total
ohm's law and circuits
This document discusses Ohm's law and basic circuit concepts. It defines key terms like voltage, current, resistance, power, and energy. It explains that voltage is directly proportional to current based on Ohm's law. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel, and examples show how to calculate current, voltage, resistance, and power in different circuit configurations using Ohm's law.
Circular pararel series
1. The document summarizes an experiment on arranging resistors in series and parallel circuits. The objectives were to learn about and measure current and voltage in such circuits.
2. Key concepts covered include how current and voltage are distributed in series versus parallel circuits based on Ohm's law. In series circuits, the same current flows through each resistor while the voltages add up. In parallel circuits, the same voltage is applied to each resistor while the currents combine.
3. The experiment involved assembling series and parallel circuits on a project board using colored resistors, a power supply, and multimeter. Current and voltage measurements were taken for each circuit and recorded in tables to analyze.
Resistance 2
Resistance Of A System of Resistors:
Resistors are joined in two ways, i.e. in series and in parallel.
Similar to Voltage Divider and Current Divider Rule.pptx (20)
Physics Class 12 Current Electricity Study material pdf download
Physics Class 12 Current Electricity Study material pdf download
Recently uploaded
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Python language is very important language at this time. we can easily understand this language by these notes.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting.pdf
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, SerbiaRecycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
this notes have been created
by Eric36 at nyamata ttc
after readings
pe book for y2sme .
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
For International shipping and maritime laws all wood must contain the ISPM 15 Stamp. Here is how and why.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
basic-wireline-operations-course-mahmoud-f-radwan.pdf
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
Eric Nizeyimana's document 2006 from gicumbi to ttc nyamata handball play
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf
BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf
Voltage Divider and Current Divider Rule.pptx
- 1. Voltage Divider and Current Divider Rule
- 2. Voltage Division Rule A series circuit acts as a voltage divider as it divides the total supply voltage into different voltages across the circuit elements. Figure shows a voltage divider circuit in which the total supply voltage V has been divided into voltages V1 and V2 across two resistances R1 and R2. Although, the current through both resistances is same, i.e., I.
- 3. Voltage Division Rule As per Ohm’s law, V1 = IR1; V2 = IR2 Total Resistance R = R1 + R2 ----(1) V=IR = I (R1+R2) ---- (2) But I = 𝑉1 𝑅1 = 𝑉2 𝑅2 ----- (3) From Eqn (2) & (3), we have V = 𝑉1 𝑅1 (R1 + R2) V1 = 𝑉𝑅1 (𝑅1+𝑅2) ----- (4) Similarly, V = 𝑉2 𝑅2 (R1 + R2) V2 = 𝑉𝑅2 (𝑅1+𝑅2) ----- (4) Hence, from equations of voltage division rule, it may be said that the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit is equal to the product of the value of that resistor and the total supply voltage, divided by the total resistance of the series resistors.
- 4. Practice Problem 2 Find the voltage across resistors R1 and R2 in the circuit
- 5. Three resistive elements of 6kΩ, 12kΩ and 18kΩ are connected together in series across a 36 volt supply. Calculate, the total resistance, the value of the current flowing around the circuit, and the voltage drops across each resistor.
- 6. Current Divider Rule A parallel circuit acts as a current divider as it divides the total circuit current in its all branches. Figure shows a current divider circuit in which the total circuit current I has been divided into currents I1 and I2 in two parallel branches with resistances R1 and R2. Although, we can notice that the voltage drop across both resistances is same, i.e., V.
- 7. Current Divider Rule According to Ohm’s law, I1 = 𝑉 𝑅1 I2 = 𝑉 𝑅2 Let R be the equivalent Resistance of the above circuit. R = 𝑅1𝑅2 (𝑅1+𝑅2) ------ (1) From the circuit, I = 𝑉 𝑅 = V x (𝑅1+𝑅2) 𝑅1𝑅2 ------ (2) Voltage across both the resistances are equal. V = I1R1 = I2R2 ---- (3) From eqn (2) & (3), I = I1R1 (𝑅1+𝑅2) (𝑅1𝑅2) = I1 (𝑅1+𝑅2) 𝑅2 I1 = 𝐼𝑅2 (𝑅1+𝑅2) ----- (4) Similarly, I = I2R2 (𝑅1+𝑅2) (𝑅1𝑅2) = I2 (𝑅1+𝑅2) (𝑅1) I2 = 𝐼𝑅1 (𝑅1+𝑅2) ----- (5) Equations (4) and (5) give the expressions of current division rule. From these equations, we may state that the current in any of the parallel branches is equal to the ratio of opposite branch resistance to the sum of all resistances, multiplied by the total circuit current.
- 8. Practice Problem 1 Find the currents I1 and I2 in the parallel circuit
- 9. Calculate the current flow in each branch of the circuit shown below: