This document discusses vitamins, nutrition, and body mass index (BMI). It defines vitamins as organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal metabolism. Vitamins are categorized as either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in fatty tissues while water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and must be replenished daily. Important minerals like calcium, iron, magnesium and others are also outlined. Proper nutrition and obtaining necessary vitamins and minerals from foods is vital for health. BMI is defined as a ratio of weight to height used to indicate healthy body weight.
Learn about various types of Vitamins and Minerals that are essential for our health, growth and development. Also learn about the food sources of these vitamins and minerals.
Learn about various types of Vitamins and Minerals that are essential for our health, growth and development. Also learn about the food sources of these vitamins and minerals.
Vitamins are the trace elements required by our body.They may not be required in large amount such as carbohydrate, protein or lipid but are required in trace amount to maintain the metabolic reactions going on in our body. Vitamins are mainly of two types: fat soluble and lipid soluble. Lipid soluble vitamins are stored in our body.
Vitamin E is one of the fat soluble vitamins.Its main actions is to scavenge the free radicals. Thus is the major component of our natural anti-oxidant system.It also plays important role in certain biological functions.
Presentation slides shows the problems and health disorders due to Vitamin A deficiency, Sources, treatment and diagnostic method. Also about the factor affecting the utilization of Vitamin A.
Describes about the importance of vitamins in our daily activities , classification of vitamins,various sources of vitamins and also about the problems which occurs due to the deficiency of vitamins.
Chemistry of Vitamin E, Biochemical role of Vitamin E, Recommended dietary Allowances, Dietary sources of Vitamin E, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin E, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin E, Toxicity of Vitamin E,
Vitamins are the trace elements required by our body.They may not be required in large amount such as carbohydrate, protein or lipid but are required in trace amount to maintain the metabolic reactions going on in our body. Vitamins are mainly of two types: fat soluble and lipid soluble. Lipid soluble vitamins are stored in our body.
Vitamin E is one of the fat soluble vitamins.Its main actions is to scavenge the free radicals. Thus is the major component of our natural anti-oxidant system.It also plays important role in certain biological functions.
Presentation slides shows the problems and health disorders due to Vitamin A deficiency, Sources, treatment and diagnostic method. Also about the factor affecting the utilization of Vitamin A.
Describes about the importance of vitamins in our daily activities , classification of vitamins,various sources of vitamins and also about the problems which occurs due to the deficiency of vitamins.
Chemistry of Vitamin E, Biochemical role of Vitamin E, Recommended dietary Allowances, Dietary sources of Vitamin E, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin E, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin E, Toxicity of Vitamin E,
FOODS WE EAT - ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CLASS III-CBSEBIOLOGY TEACHER
Most of our food is made of these things. We get food from plants and animals. Depending on what grows easily at which place, different things are eaten at different places. We not only eat different things but we also use the same things to prepare a variety of food items.
Food is a nutritive substance taken by an organism for growth work, repair and maintaining life processes. Food is a kind of fuel for the living things. Just as petrol fuel for our car, in the same way, food is a fuel for our body.
Since food is both important for physical and mental well being, the importance of food in life is huge. Proper nutrition means that you get all the essential nutrients required for healthy functioning of the body through your diet. ... These nutrients include vitamins and minerals, fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Basic Nutrition gives an overview of the classification of nutrients and the deficiency diseases one can develop if unable to take a balanced diet.
The knowledge can be used to promote healthy nutritional practices in the community and participate in prevention of nutrition related illnesses in adults, children, adolescents, the sick and the , elderly
this presentation will give you basic understanding about Nutrition , Wellness, Diet, and supplements. this slides are important for trainers of MLM & Direct selling companies, for first hand basic understanding of Nutrition & Wellness this is a good presentation
Second-level Digital Divide and experiences of Schools and TeachersLiwayway Memije-Cruz
The second-level digital divide, is referred to as the production gap, and it describes the gap that separates the consumers of content on the Internet from the producers of content.
Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
A hydrocarbon is a molecule whose structure includes only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons form bonds with other atoms in order to create organic compounds.
Hydrocarbon derivatives are based on simple hydrocarbon compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. Hydrocarbon derivatives contain at least one element other than hydrogen or carbon, such as oxygen, nitrogen or one of the halogen atoms (elements in column 7A of the Periodic Table.
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. Organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions.
Organic chemistry involves the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which include not only hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen (most compounds contain at least one carbon–hydrogen bond), nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur.
This branch of chemistry was originally limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has been broadened to include human-made substances such as plastics. The range of application of organic compounds is enormous and also includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, food, explosives, paints, and cosmetics.
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which include not only hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen (most compounds contain at least one carbon–hydrogen bond), nitrogen, oxygen,
Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structural or spatial arrangements of the atoms within the molecule. The reason there are such a colossal number of organic compounds which is more than 10 million is partly due to isomerism.
Apportionment is Apportionment involves dividing something up, just like fair division.
Voting is a method for a group, such as, a meeting or an electorate to make a collective decision or express an opinion, usually following discussions, debates or election campaigns.
Lipid metabolism entails the oxidation of fatty acids to either generate energy or synthesize new lipids from smaller constituent molecules. Lipid metabolism is associated with carbohydrate metabolism, as products of glucose (such as acetyl CoA) can be converted into lipids.
A Hamiltonian path is a path that visits each vertex of the graph exactly once.
A Hamiltonian circuit is a path that uses each vertex of a graph exactly once and returns to the starting vertex.
Carbohydrate metabolism involves the different biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms.
A graph is a diagram displaying data which show the relationship between two or more quantities, measurements or indicative numbers that may or may not have a specific mathematical formula relating them to each other.
Every organism is composed of several different types of human body tissue. The human body tissue is another way of describing how our cells are grouped together in a highly organized manner according to specific structure and function. These groupings of cells form tissues, which then make up organs and various parts of the body.
Reproduction means producing offspring that may or may not be exact copies of their parents. It is a part of a life cycle, which is a series of events wherein individuals grow, develop, and reproduce according to a program of instructions encoded in DNA, which they inherit from their parents. When cells divide, each daughter cell receives a complete copy of DNA and enough cytoplasmic machinery to start up its own operation. DNA contains the blueprints for making different proteins.
.Enzymes are proteins that catalyze or speed up chemical reactions. They also help digest the foods we eat food and heal our wounds. They play major roles in respiration, making proteins, and DNA replication..
Reproduction means producing offspring that may or may not be exact copies of their parents. It is a part of a life cycle, which is a series of events wherein individuals grow, develop, and reproduce according to a program of instructions encoded in DNA, which they inherit from their parents. When cells divide, each daughter cell receives a complete copy of DNA and enough cytoplasmic machinery to start up its own operation. DNA contains the blueprints for making different proteins.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
4. • Vitamins are organic
compounds that are needed
in small quantities to
sustain life. Most vitamins
need to come from food.
• A vitamin is one of a group
of organic substances that is
present in minute amounts
in natural foodstuffs.
• Vitamins are essential to
normal metabolism. If we
do not take enough of any
kind of vitamin, certain
medical conditions can
result.
5. A vitamin is both:
an organic compound, which
means it contains carbon
an essential nutrient that body
cannot produce enough of and
which it needs to get from food.
7. Fat-soluble vitamins
• Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the fatty
tissues of the body and the liver. Vitamins
A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. These are
easier to store than water-soluble
vitamins, and they can stay in the body as
reserves for days, and sometimes months.
• Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through
the intestinal tract with the help of fats, or
lipids.
9. Vitamin A
• a family of compounds that plays an
important role in your vision,
reproduction and bone growth. The two
most common sources of vitamin A are
retinol and beta carotene. Beta
carotene is actually a precursor to
vitamin A, meaning that the body needs
to convert it for use.
• You may think you can get all the
vitamin A you need from dark leafy
greens and orange plant foods such as
carrots, and sweet potatoes. The
problem with this is that most people
are only able to convert a tiny amount
of the vitamin A they consume for use.
That’s why retinol is known as ‘true’
vitamin A because it is readily available
and the body can process it easily.
Retinol is found in animal foods such as
eggs, fatty fish and liver.
10. Vitamin D
• The two distinct forms of
vitamin D are ergocalciferol
(vitamin D2) and
cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).
• Vitamin D3 is the more natural
form of the two. And is
produced by the skin when one
is exposed to sunlight or
through fish consumption.
Vitamin D2 on the other hand is
technically not ‘natural’ as it is
produced through ultraviolet
exposure of foods, which has
been patented and licensed to
pharmaceutical companies for
synthetic production.
11. Vitamin E
• Vitamin E is known for
its antioxidant qualities
and has been labeled
fat-soluble vitamins’
most potent
antioxidant.
• Vitamin E helps
protects vitamin C,
vitamin A, red blood
cells and essential fatty
acids from being
destroyed.
12. Vitamin K
• protect against bone loss and arterial calcification.
• to direct the calcium straight to your bone and prevent it
from building up in your arteries.
14. Water – soluble Vitamins
• not stored in the body, it
absorbs what it needs and
then it usually excretes the
excess in your urine. Due to
the fact that they cannot be
stored, the body needs a
continuous supply through
a steady daily intake. This
can be through the foods
we eat, the supplements we
take, or from a combination
of both.
• Water-soluble vitamins are
found in fruit, vegetables
and grains.
15. Water-soluble vitamins are:
• Vitamin C
• the B Vitamins
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Riboflavin (Vitamin
B2)
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6
Folic Acid
Cobalamin (Vitamin
B12)
16. Vitamin C
• also known as ascorbic
acid
• it is an antioxidant and
helps protect cells and
keeps them healthy.
• it is needed by the body to
make collagen - the most
plentiful protein in the
body which helps keep
bones, skin, teeth and
blood vessels healthy.
• keep the immune system
healthy.
17. Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
• It works with other B-
group vitamins to help
break down and release
energy from food
• break down alcohol and
metabolise
carbohydrates and
amino acids.
• it also plays a vital role
in the transmission of
nerve impulses by
keeping nerves healthy.
18. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
• it keeps skin, eyes and
the nervous system
healthy as well as
helping the body
metabolise
carbohydrates, protein
and fats.
• it also enhances the
function of some of the
other B Vitamins,
Niacin and Vitamin
B12.
19. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
• it helps produce energy
from the foods we eat as
well as helping keep the
nervous and digestive
systems healthy.
• itprotects the health of
skin cells and keeps the
digestive system
functioning properly.
• In large amounts, Niacin
can help lower LDL and
triglyceride levels, while
raising HDL (good
cholesterol) levels.
20. Pantothenic acid
• allows the body to
obtain energy from
carbohydrates,
protein and fat.
• our body also uses
Pantothenic Acid
to produce
hormones and
cholesterol.
21. Vitamin B6
• It is also known as Pyridoxine
• it acts as a co-enzyme, which
means it helps chemical
reactions take place.
• plays a vital role in the
creation of non-essential
amino acids and helps your
body break down glycogen,
which is the storage form
glucose.
• also helps your body
metabolize carbohydrates,
protein and fat and keeps your
immune system and nervous
system healthy.
22. Folic Acid
• Known as Folate in its
natural form, it works
together with Vitamin
B12 to form healthy
red blood cells.
• As our body needs
Folate to create DNA it
plays an extremely
important role in
preventing birth
defects during early
pregnancy.
23. Vitamin B12
• involved in making
red blood cells and
keeping the nervous
system healthy.
• metabolize fatty
acids and amino
acids and synthesize
the DNA in your
cells.
25. Nutrition
• Nutrition, nourishment, or
aliment, is the supply of
materials - food - required
by organisms and cells to
stay alive.
• nutrition is the science or
practice of consuming and
utilizing foods.
• Nutrition is the study of
nutrients in food, how the
body uses nutrients, and
the relationship between
diet, health, and disease.
26. Nutrient
A nutrient is a source of nourishment, a
component of food, for instance, protein,
carbohydrate, fat, vitamin, mineral, fiber, and
water.
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to
survive, grow, and reproduce.
• Macronutrients are nutrients we need in
relatively large quantities.
• Micronutrients are nutrients we need in
relatively small quantities.
30. Vitamins
• vitamins are chemical substances in
food that perform specific function in
the body.
• There are 14 types of vitamins have
been discovered so far. Vitamins are
classified as either fat soluble such as
Vitamin K, D, A and E or water
soluble like Vitamin B Complex and
C.
• The functions of vitamins are wide
ranging, and they are helpful for
health of bones, teeth, and skin.
• They can be found in food sources as
well as supplemented in various
forms.
31. Minerals
• Minerals are essential
nutrients that are
needed in small
amounts to keep you
healthy.
• Minerals do not give
you energy or calories,
but can help with other
functions in your body.
32. Calcium (Ca)
• Builds bones and teeth
and helps keep them
strong
• Slows down bone loss as
you get older
• Helps muscles like your
heart work properly
• Bone and teeth
formation
• Blood clothing
• Nerve transmission
33. Iron (Fe)
• Carries oxygen to all parts of your body
• Prevents you from feeling tired
• Constituent of hemoglobin and enzymes involved in energy
metabolism
34. Magnesium (Mg)
• Keeps nerves
and muscles
strong
• Helps form
bones and teeth
• Activates
enzymes
• Protein
synthesis
35. Potassium (K)
• Keeps fluids
balanced in blood
and tissue
• Helps in
controlling blood
pressure
• Allows nerves and
muscles to work
together
36. Zinc (Zn)
• Enzyme digestion
• Needed for growth and
development
• Maintains a healthy
immune system
• Important for wound
healing
• Helps the body use
other nutrients
40. Water
• Water is the largest content of
the body, and it is about 60 to
70 percent of the body weight.
• Almost all of the major
systems in the body depends
on water. Water assists the
body in removing waste
products as well as
maintaining the homeostasis
in the body and transporting
the nutrients to cells.
• All beverages and high-
moisture foods such as soup
and watermelon contain
water. Adults should drink
about 2 to 3 liters of water per
day.
42. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of
body fat based on height and weight that
applies to adult men and women. It’s not
just about the visuals, but strengthening
43. Body Mass Index (BMI)
• a value that depends on the weight and height of
an individual.
• defined as the body weight divided by the square
of the body height and expressed in units of
kg/m2, where weight in kilogram and height in
meters. BMI = Weight (kg)/Height (m)2.
• provides simple numeric measures of a person’s
thickness or thinness, allowing health
professionals to discuss weight problems with
their patients.is a value that depends on the
weight and height of an individual.
This presentation demonstrates the new capabilities of PowerPoint and it is best viewed in Slide Show. These slides are designed to give you great ideas for the presentations you’ll create in PowerPoint 2010!
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